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Immunoreactive Insulin (immunoreactive + insulin)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Hepatocyte growth factor is a significant risk factor for white matter lesions in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 7 2010
Futoshi Anan
Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (7): 585,590 Abstract Background, The presence of white matter lesions (WML) is an important prognostic factor for the development of stroke. Elevated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels are associated with a high mortality rate in type 2 diabetic patients. The preliminary study was therefore designed to test the hypothesis that the presence of WML correlates with HGF and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients not receiving insulin treatment. Material and methods, Based on brain magnetic resonance imaging, 92 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into two groups: WML-positive group (age 60 ± 5 years, mean ± SD, n = 35) and WML-negative group (age 59 ± 6 years, mean ± SD, n = 57. The level of blood glucose was assessed by fasting plasma glucose, fasting immunoreactive insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Results, The body mass index was higher in the WML-positive group than that in the WML-negative group (P < 0·005). Plasma levels of triglycerides were higher while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in the WML-positive group than in the WML-negative group (P < 0·01 and P < 0·0001 respectively). Fasting plasma glucose (P < 0·0001), insulin concentrations (P < 0·0001), HOMA index (P < 0·0001) and HGF (< 0·0001) levels were higher in the WML-positive group than in the WML-negative group. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that WML was independently predicted by the high HGF and insulin resistance (P < 0·0001 and P < 0·0001 respectively). Conclusion, The results of this preliminary study indicate that the presence of WML was associated with the high HGF and insulin resistance in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. [source]

Intracellular presence of insulin and its phosphorylated receptor in non-small cell lung cancer,

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
Stefano Mattarocci
Insulin has been known for a long time to influence the growth and differentiation of normal and transformed cells. In order to delineate the role of insulin specifically in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we have now searched by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the presence of insulin in NSCLC samples. Among the 112 samples we studied, 30 were found to contain insulin, which was detected in the form of intracytoplasmic granula. Moreover, its expression significantly correlated with (a) the morphological/histopathological subtype of NSCLC, being more frequent in adenocarcinomas; (b) the grade of tumor differentiation, displaying an increase in low-grade carcinomas; (c) tumor size, occurring predominantly in smaller tumors; (d) the presence of phosphorylated, activated insulin receptor; (e) the median patient age, being present in relatively younger individuals. Furthermore and interestingly, surrounding atypical adenomatous hyperplastic areas and normal alveolar pneumocytes scored insulin-positive in some of the insulin-negative tumors. In addition, PCR exploration for insulin transcripts in some samples positive for immunoreactive insulin was negative, indicating a possibly exogenous origin for the intracellular insulin in our NSCLC cohort. Taken together, our data suggest that an intracellular insulin activity is important for the progression of low-grade human lung adenocarcinomas. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 766,770, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Improvement of Subcutaneous Bioavailability of Insulin by Sulphobutyl Ether ,-Cyclodextrin in Rats

JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 8 2000
KEIICHI TOKIHIRO
The objective of this study was to examine and compare how hydrophilic ,-cyclodextrin derivatives (,-CyDs) improve the bioavailability of insulin following subcutaneous injection of insulin solution in rats. When insulin solutions in the absence of ,-CyDs were injected into the dorsal subcutaneous tissues of rats, the absolute bioavailability of insulin calculated from plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels was approximately 50%. When maltosyl-,-cyclodextrin was added to the solutions, there was no change in the plasma IRI levels and hypoglycaemia compared with those of the insulin-alone solution. Dimethyl-,-cyclodextrin decreased the bioavailability of insulin, although it increased the maximal concentration of IRI in plasma and the capillary permeability of the fluorescein isothiocyanatedextran 40, a non-degraded permeation marker. When insulin solutions containing sulphobutyl ether-,-cyclodextrin with a degree of substitution of the sulphobutyl group of 3,9 (SBE4-,-CyD) were injected, the IRI level rapidly increased and maintained higher IRI levels for at least 8h. The bioavailability of the insulin/SBE4-,-CyD system was about twice that of insulin alone and approached 96%. The enhancing effects of SBE4-,-CyD may be in part due to the inhibitory effects of SBE4-,-CyDs on the enzymatic degradation and/or the adsorption of insulin onto the subcutaneous tissue at the injection site, although this does not apparently facilitate capillary permeability. These results suggest that SBE4-,-CyD in aqueous insulin injection for subcutaneous administration is useful for improving the bioavailability and the hence the pharmacological effects of insulin. [source]

Insulin resistance/,-cell function and serum ferritin level in non-diabetic patients with hepatitis C virus infection

LIVER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2003
Masanori Furutani
Abstract Background/Aims: Since impaired glucose tolerance and iron overload are frequently demonstrated in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver diseases, in this study we investigated insulin resistance, pancreatic ,-cell function, i.e., insulin secretion, and serum ferritin levels in patients with HCV infection, especially non-diabetic patients. Methods: Homeostasis model assessments for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and ,-cell function (HOMA-,) were performed in 92 HCV-infected patients. Results: The levels of plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), HOMA-IR, and HOMA-, were significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. Among the 86 non-diabetics (with an FPG of <126 mg/dl), IRI, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-, were significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than in patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels. The IRI and HOMA-IR values, but not the HOMA-, values, were correlated with both serum transaminase and ferritin levels in the 65 non-diabetic chronic hepatitis patients. Conclusion: Insulin resistance was connected with impaired glucose tolerance and the severity of liver diseases in non-diabetic patients with HCV infection. Iron overload may be responsible for insulin resistance, or vice versa. Pancreatic ,-cell function was unrelated to the patients' serum ferritin levels. [source]