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Immunohistochemical Characteristics (immunohistochemical + characteristic)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Immunohistochemical characteristics of inflammatory lesions at implants

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2003
Federico Gualini
Abstract Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to study some immunohistochemical features of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis lesions. Materials and methods: Two groups of subjects (Groups A and B) were included. Group A consisted of 10 partially edentulous subjects (eight females and two males; 45,72 years of age) who had been restored with implants (Brånemark System®, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden). The implants had been in function between 2 and 5 years. In each subject, one implant site demonstrating signs of peri-implant mucositis, i.e. soft tissue inflammation but no bone loss, was selected. The site was anaesthetized and a soft tissue biopsy was collected. In Group B, six subjects were included. They had been restored with implants (Brånemark System®, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) between 5 and 11 years prior to the current study. In each individual ,,1 implant site exhibited signs of peri-implantitis and was selected for biopsy. All sites of peri-implantitis had (i) a history of continuous marginal bone loss (assessed in radiographs), (ii) clinical symptoms of soft tissue inflammation (bleeding on probing and suppuration) but (iii) no implant mobility. From each selected peri-implantitis site a 4 × 4 mm large soft tissue biopsy was obtained. All specimens were snap frozen and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis regarding the proportions of cells positive for the CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and elastase markers. Results: Peri-implantitis lesions were considerably larger and contained significantly greater proportions of B cells (CD19+) and elastase-positive cells than mucositis lesions. Peri-implantitis sites, in contrast to sites with mucositis, consistently displayed elastase-positive cells in the central portions of the infiltrate. Conclusion: It is suggested that peri-implantitis lesions exhibit properties that are different from mucositis lesions. [source]

Immunohistochemical characteristics of melanoma

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
Steven J. Ohsie
Melanoma has a wide spectrum of histologic features which mimic epithelial, hematologic, mesenchymal, and neural tumors. Immunohistochemistry has been the primary tool to distinguish melanomas from these other tumors; it has also been studied for use as an adjunct to distinguish benign and malignant melanocytic tumors and to elucidate prognosis. Furthermore, there has been extensive effort to find a suitable marker to differentiate spindle cell and desmoplastic melanoma from other tumors. We have reviewed the literature investigating melanocytic differentiation markers, proliferation markers, immunomodulatory markers, signaling molecules, and nerve growth factors and receptors. Despite the proliferation of immunohistochemical markers, S-100 remains the most sensitive marker for melanocytic lesions, while markers such as HMB-45, MART-1/Melan-A, tyrosinase, and MITF demonstrate relatively good specificity but not as good sensitivity as S-100. No marker has proven useful in distinguishing spindle cell and desmoplastic melanomas from other tumors. Ki67 remains the most useful adjunct in distinguishing benign from malignant melanocytic tumors. None of the markers reviewed has been shown conclusively to have prognostic value for melanocytic neoplasms. [source]

Immunohistochemical characteristics of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma: comparison with conventional papillary carcinoma

APMIS, Issue 10 2010
JA SEUNG KOO
Koo JS, Shin E, Hong SW. Immunohistochemical characteristics of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma: comparison with conventional papillary carcinoma. APMIS 2010; 118: 744,52. Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma (DSVPC) is a rare variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). It shows different clinicopathologic features to the conventional PTC, but the immunohistochemical characteristics of DSVPC are yet to be more clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical features of DSVPC, which are different from those of PTC. Tissue microarray was constructed from the paraffin-embedded tissue of 49 DSVPC and 50 conventional PTC samples. Immunohistochemical stains for p63, p53, galectin-3, cytokeratin 19, ,-catenin, Bcl-2, EMA, E-cadherin, CD15, and CD56 were performed on each tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical stain for p63 was negative in all conventional PTCs, but 14 (28.6%) cases of DSVPC showed p63 expression (p = 0.000). p53 was expressed in 38 (76.0%) cases of conventional PTC and 21 (42.9%) cases of DSVPC (p = 0.001). Galectin-3 was expressed in all 50 cases of conventional PTC, but eight (16.3%) cases of DSVPC did not express galectin-3 (p = 0.003). EMA was expressed more in DSVPC (40.8%) than in conventional PTC (20.0%, p = 0.024). In univariate analyses, Bcl-2 positivity (p = 0.016) and EMA negativity (p = 0.036) in DSVPC were associated with shorter time interval to tumor recurrence, but there was no significance for the two in multivariate analyses. DSVPC, a rare variant of PTC, has different immunohistochemical features from the conventional PTC, showing higher expression rate of p63 and lower expression rate of p53. It also shows galectin-3 negativity and EMA positivity. [source]

Linear-agminated juvenile xanthogranulomas

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
Despoina Kiorpelidou MD
An 8-month-old girl presented with an asymptomatic skin lesion on the right popliteal fossa, which had been present for approximately 6 months. The child had a past medical history of a urinary tract infection at the age of 1 month and had been on daily cotrimoxazole since. There was no history of trauma to the site. Examination revealed a solitary, well-demarcated, plaque-like lesion on the right popliteal fossa, with multiple agminated papules in an almost linear distribution (Fig. 1a). The lesion did not follow Blaschko's lines, but was vertical to them. The plaque was slightly indurated, measuring approximately 4 × 1.5 cm, fixed to the overlying skin but movable over the deeper tissue. The papules were yellowish in color and firm to palpation, showing a positive Darier's sign (Fig. 1b,c). There was no regional adenopathy and no other skin lesions were observed. The physical examination and laboratory investigations were otherwise unremarkable. There was no hepatosplenomegaly, and an ocular examination and chest X-ray were normal. Figure 1. Juvenile xanthogranuloma: agminated nodulopapular lesions on the right popliteal fossa (a) showing positive Darier's sign (b and c; arrows) ,A biopsy from the lesion (Fig. 2a) revealed a dermal infiltrate of histiocytes, some of which were foamy, and admixed Touton-type giant cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells. By immunohistochemistry, the predominant cell population was CD68 (KP-1, MIB-1, and PG-M1, all pursued from Dako) positive, but S-100 protein and CD1a negative (Fig. 2b,e). By Giemsa stain, scattered mast cells (< 5% of the total cell number) were detectable within the lesion. The morphology and immunohistochemistry of the lesion were diagnostic for juvenile xanthogranuloma. Eight months later, the lesion was still present but slightly elongated, proportional to the child's growth, and hyperpigmented. Figure 2. Juvenile xanthogranuloma: histomorphology of skin lesion showing a cell-rich histiocytic dermal infiltrate (a) with immunohistochemical characteristics (b,e) of non-Langerhans dendritic cells (a, hematoxylin and eosin; b, anti-S-100 protein; c, anti-CD-1a; d, e, anti-CD68 monocytic markers MIB-1 and KP-1, respectively; a,e, initial magnification ×40) [source]

Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of atypical fibroxanthoma with a special emphasis on potential diagnostic pitfalls: a review

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
tjan Luzar
The present manuscript gives emphasis on recognizing different morphological variants of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), on validation of immunohistochemical markers and on discussing potential diagnostic pitfalls. Material and methods: Histological features analyzed in 66 AFXs were: ulceration, morphological variants, growth pattern, location in the skin and vascular/perineural invasion. The antibodies used were CK-MNF116, CK-AE1/AE3, S100, smooth muscle actin, desmin, CD31 and EMA. Results: The study included 59 males, 7 females, aged 55,95 years, mean 77 years. All developed on sun damaged skin. Ulceration was present in 50%. Morphological patterns were pleomorphic spindle and epithelioid cells (60.6%), predominantly spindle cells (19.7%), purely spindle-cells (13.6%), and predominantly epithelioid cells (6.1%). Most were localized in the dermis (57.6%). An expansile (36.4%) rather than infiltrative (6.1%) growth into superficial subcutis was also noted. No vascular/perineural invasion was seen. Additional changes were hemorrhagic and pseudoangiomatous areas (24.2%), granular cell change (22.7%), keloid-like areas (9.1%), myxoid change (7.6%), osteoclast-like giant cells (6.1%) and clear cell change (4.6%). AFXs were consistently negative for S100, CK-MNF116, CK-AE1/AE3 and desmin. Focal positivity for SMA (45.2%), EMA (24.4%) and CD 31 (9.5%) was seen. Conclusions: A diagnosis of AFX is still made by exclusion of other malignant neoplasms with similar morphology. Immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in this distinction, but can also be misleading. This study expands the spectrum of non-vascular CD31 positive tumors. Luzar B, Calonje E. Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of atypical fibroxanthoma with a special emphasis on potential diagnostic pitfalls. [source]

Epidermotropic lesions: a review

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 10 2009
Ossama Abbas
Epidermotropism describes the spread of cells of lymphocytic, epithelial melanocytic, neuroendocrine, histiocytic or muscular origin into the epidermis from an underlying dermal or subcutaneous pathology, that may be primary cutaneous or metastatic. In this review, we aim to discuss the differential diagnosis of epidermotropic lesions and highlight the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics that can help in their differentiation. [source]

Papular xanthoma: a clinicopathological study of 10 cases

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2002
Friedrich Breier
Background: Papular xanthoma (PX) is one of several clinicopathologic variants of normolipemic cutaneous non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses (n-LCH). PX represents a monomorphous reaction pattern of n-LCH characterized by the presence of predominantly xanthomatized macrophages. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of PX. Methods: A series of 10 cases of PX was identified and the results compared with the other histologic subtypes, namely the polymorphous and the remaining other monomorphous reaction patterns in n-LCH. Results: In this clinicopathologic study, papular xanthoma presented clinically mainly as solitary papule, with a male to female ratio of4 : 1, in an age range from 13 to 57 years and a biphasic occurrence: in the young adolescence and middle ages. It was predominantly located on the trunk, the extremities, and rarely on the head. Clinically, PX was described as xanthoma, ,cutaneous tumor', but also as atheroma, keloid, histiocytoma, Spitz's nevus or clear cell acanthoma. Histology showed moderately well circumscribed exoendophytic papules with a regular epidermis and a dense infiltration of xanthomatized macrophages interspersed by numerous Touton type giant cells. Immunohistochemically mono- and multinucleated macrophages were consistently positive with KiM1p; while only giant cells were labeled with KP1 (CD68), the reactivity with HAM 56 was much more variable. Up to 50% of the xanthomatized cells labeled positive for the lectin peanut agglutinin. In one case the xanthomatized cells stained positive for CD34. Staining for factor XIIIa and CD1a were negative. Conclusions: This series confirms PX as a rare, but distinguished clinicopathologic entity in the spectrum of n-LCH of the skin. [source]

Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings in oral Kaposi's sarcoma in a series of Mexican AIDS patients.

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 4 2009
Comparative study
Background:, The origin of spindle cells (SC) in oral Kaposi's sarcoma (OKS) is still an intriguing aspect. Thus the aim of the present study was to compare the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of OKS and oral pyogenic granuloma (OPG), in order to contribute to the knowledge of the cells involved in Kaposi,s sarcoma pathogenesis. Methods:, In this retrospective, observational and comparative study, 39 OKS and 30 OPG cases were included. Immunohistochemical studies were performed for vimentin, ,SMA, desmin, C-kit, CD34, D2-40 and LANA-1 [human herpesvirus-8(HHV-8)]. Statistical comparisons were done using the chi-square and Wilcoxon,Mann,Whitney rank sum tests. Results:, Fourteen (35.9%) OKS cases also affected the skin, and 83.8% involved the palate. All OKS and OPG were positive for vimentin and CD34. OKS samples were positive for ,SMA, and 25.6% expressed C-kit. All OKS cases were positive for HHV-8, and the number of positive cells increased significantly from early,/,intermediate to late histological stage. D2-40 was expressed in the cellular component and vascular walls of all OKS cases, but it was negative in OPG. HHV-8 expression was increased in late histological stages of OKS lesions. Conclusions:, The expression of D2-40 marker in the vascular walls and SC supports the view of a lymphatic differentiation in neoplastic cells of OKS. Desmin, ,SMA, D2-40, C-kit and HHV-8 were the main markers differently expressed in OKS and OPG. [source]

A method for the isolation of glomerular and tubulointerstitial endothelial cells and a comparison of characteristics with the human umbilical vein endothelial cell model

NEPHROLOGY, Issue 4 2004
STELLA MCGINN
SUMMARY: Background: Abnormalities in the structure and function of glomerular endothelial cells play a pivotal role in the development of progressive renal disease. The vascular abnormalities observed in the renal tubulointerstitium, however, correlate more strongly with progressive renal failure. Therefore, the successful isolation and culture of human renal microvascular endothelial cells from both the glomerulus and tubulointerstitium are paramount in studying renal disease models. Methods and Results: This study describes a simple and reproducible method for the isolation of human tubulointerstitial and glomerular endothelial cells by using immunomagnetic separation with anti-platelet endothelial-cell adhesion (anti-PECAM-1) Dyna beads, followed by manual weeding of mesangial and fibroblast contamination. No significant changes in morphological or immunohistochemical characteristics were observed up to passage two of culture. The in vitro characteristics of the endothelial cells were compared to the renal cortical endothelial cells in vivo and the standard human umbilical vein endothelial cell model (HUVECs). Similar to HUVECs, both populations of renal microvascular endothelial cells had a classical cobblestone appearance, stained positively for von Willebrand Factor and PECAM-1 and negatively for antifibroblast surface antigen and anticytokeratin. Differences in the expression of von Willebrand Factor, Wiebel Palade bodies and Flk-1 staining were observed between glomerular and tubulointerstitial endothelial cells. These immunohistochemical characteristics suggested that tubulointerstital endothelial cells were more closely aligned to HUVECS than to the glomerular endothelial cells. This observation indicated that HUVECs may be a suitable model for determining the tubulointerstitial endothelial response to systemic injury. Conclusion: In conclusion, a unique and novel method for the differential isolation of both glomerular and tubulointerstitial endothelial cells has been developed. Significantly, characterization of these populations suggests a role for HUVECS in the study of renal tubulointerstitial disease. [source]

Vascular amyloid of unknown origin and senile transthyretin amyloid in the lung and gastrointestinal tract of old age: Histological and immunohistochemical studies

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2001
Hironobu Matsutani
The histological and immunohistochemical characteristics and the incidence of amyloid deposits in the tissues of the lung and gastrointestinal tract were investigated in 64 autopsied individuals who were 80 years and older (age range: 80,92 years; mean: 83.3 years). Immunohistochemical examination was performed with antibodies against amyloid A, transthyretin, immunoglobulin , and , light chain amyloid fibril proteins, ,2 -microglobulin, , protein, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein AII, atrial natriuretic peptide, apolipoprotein E, and amyloid P component. Transthyretin amyloid fibril protein (ATTR) deposits were observed in five cases (7.8%). Gastrointestinal amyloid deposits of unknown origin were observed in the veins of the gastrointestinal tract in 26 cases (40.6%). This amyloid was regarded as portal amyloid with respect to distribution pattern. Pulmonary vascular amyloid deposits of unknown origin were observed in 12 cases (18.8%). These amyloid deposits were found mainly in medium-sized veins in the lungs and did not react with any antibodies against amyloid fibril proteins except apolipoprotein E and amyloid P component. Eleven of the 26 cases (42.3%) showing portal amyloid also showed pulmonary vascular amyloid of unknown origin. The pulmonary vascular amyloid deposits were similar to the portal amyloid deposits with respect to their morphological features and their relation to elastic fibers in the vessels. Further morphological investigation and biochemical analysis of the pulmonary vascular amyloid and portal amyloid will resolve questions of their origins and relation. [source]

Immunophenotypic Comparison of Salivary Gland Oncocytoma and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 6 2005
John A. Ozolek MD
Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: The differential diagnosis of oncocytic neoplasms of salivary glands includes both primary and metastatic tumors, one of which is renal cell carcinoma. This study compared immunohistochemical staining characteristics of oncocytomas arising from salivary gland to metastatic renal cell carcinoma using a panel of markers. Study Design: Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, CD10, and renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC) was performed on 10 oncocytomas and compared with ten metastatic renal cell carcinomas. Results: There were overlapping histologic findings in the oncocytomas and metastatic renal cell carcinomas, with oncocytomas displaying clear cell changes in 2 of 10 cases. CK7 was positive in 9 of 10 oncocytomas and CK20 in 8 of 10 (7/10 stained for both), and vimentin was only weakly positive in 4 of 10 oncocytomas. All oncocytomas were EMA positive, with membranous staining, and all were negative for CD10 and RCC. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma was strongly positive for vimentin, EMA, and CD10 in most cases. RCC and CK7 were variably positive in metastatic renal cell carcinomas (4/10), and only 1 of 10 showed weak staining with CK20. Conclusions: Salivary gland oncocytomas and metastatic renal cell carcinomas share some similar histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics. CD10 and CK20 were the most useful markers to distinguish metastatic renal cell carcinoma from oncocytomas in the salivary gland, whereas RCC, EMA, CK7, and vimentin are not as useful. [source]

Frequency and Localization of the Putative Vomeronasal Organ in Humans in Relation to Age and Gender,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 3 2001
Michael Knecht MD
Abstract Objectives/Hypotheses In many species the vomeronasal organ (VNO) serves as a chemosensory organ in addition to the olfactory system. The present investigation was undertaken to study 1) the frequency of monolateral or bilateral detection of the putative VNO (pVNO) in humans, 2) its localization in humans, and 3) whether detectability of the pVNO varies with age or gender. Study Design Prospective. Methods A total of 173 subjects participated in this study (88 women and 85 men; age range, 2,91 y). Inspection of the nose was performed with a speculum and a 30° endoscope. The exact localization of the VNO was measured with custom-built rulers. Results The study revealed the following major results: 1) A pVNO is detectable in approximately two-thirds of the population and bilateral pVNOs are present in approximately 40% of investigated subjects, 2) its localization on the left and right nasal septum is almost symmetrical, and 3) and detectability of the pVNO is not related to age or gender. Conclusions The present data indicated that the pVNO is present in approximately two-thirds of the population. This value may be biased by methodological or biological factors; nevertheless, it indicates that the pVNO is not observed in all humans regardless of age and gender. Thus, considering its variability in shape and immunohistochemical characteristics and the missing nerval connections between the peripheral "organ" and the central nervous system, the present results are not suited to argue for a functional significance of the pVNO in humans. [source]