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Immunoassay Kit (immunoassay + kit)

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Medical Sciences81%

Kinds of Immunoassay Kit

  • enzyme immunoassay kit
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    Selected Abstracts

    Occurrence and Distribution of Microdochium and Fusarium Species Isolated from Durum Wheat in Northern Tunisia and Detection of Mycotoxins in Naturally Infested Grain

    JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 9 2009
    Lobna Gargouri Kammoun
    Abstract An outbreak of Fusarium Head Blight of durum wheat occurred in 2004 being localized in sub-humid and higher semi-arid region of Northern Tunisia. A mycological survey carried out throughout these regions, revealed that 78% of the prospected fields were infested. Results of the morphological and molecular identification, showed that the most common species isolated from diseased wheat spikes was Microdochium nivale var. nivale (63.5%), followed by Fusarium culmorum (26%), F. pseudograminearum (9%) and F. avenaceum (1.5%). To evaluate mycotoxin content of naturally infected grain, the amounts of trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in harvested grain from 45 fields were quantified by RIDASCREEN DON Enzyme Immunoassay Kit (ELISA). This study showed that the infection levels in freshly harvested grain were very low and the maximum deoxynivalenol (DON) level of the positive samples was 53 ppb. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of DON in naturally infected wheat grain sampled from Northern Tunisia. [source]

    INHIBITION OF LISTERIA INNOCUA AND L. MONOCYTOGENES IN A LABORATORY MEDIUM AND COLD-SMOKED SALMON CONTAINING LIQUID SMOKE

    JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 2 2001
    SUSAN M. VITT
    ABSTRACT Five commercial liquid smokes were tested in vitro and the most inhibitory to Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. innocua ATCC 33090 was Charsol Supreme. Chum salmon samples (100-g each) were brined, dipped for 15 s at varying concentrations of liquid smoke, inoculated with L. innocua, cold-processed and analyzed. Liquid smoke concentrations of 60,100% reduced L. innocua by 3-log10/g in the final product. Dwell times of 15 s to 5 min using 60% liquid smoke gradually decreased Listeria survival with an optimum 5-min dip. Isoeugenol was antilisterial in vitro but lacked synergism with liquid smoke in cold-smoked salmon. An immunoassay kit detected low inoculum levels (< 100 CFU/g) of L. innocua in one of three samples that were treated with liquid smoke for two and four minutes. Charsol Supreme was antilisterial but could not be relied on to totally eliminate Listeria in cold-smoked salmon. Panelists found the 0 to 2-min dipped sockeye salmon slightly desirable with no significant (p < 0.05) differences. The 5-min treatment was significantly (p < 0.05) darker, scored lower in desirability and flavor and contained 93 ppm of phenolic compounds. [source]

    Umbilical serum concentrations of chemokines (RANTES and MGSA/GRO-,) in preterm and term neonates

    PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2006
    BARBARA KRÓLAK-OLEJNIK
    Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between labor (preterm and term) and umbilical blood serum regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and melanoma growth stimulatory activity/growth-related oncogene-a (MSGA/GRO-,) concentration, and to determine whether early sepsis and pneumonia are associated with changes in concentrations of the chemokines (RANTES and MSGA/GRO-,) in umbilical blood serum. Methods: Umbilical blood was obtained from 67 neonates in the following groups: (i) preterm neonates with early sepsis; (ii) preterm neonates with pneumonia; (iii) non-infected preterm neonates; and (iv) full-term healthy neonates. RANTES and MGSA/GRO-, concentrations were determined by use of a commercially available immunoassay kit. Results: Non-infected preterm neonates had lower RANTES concentrations than healthy term neonates. Preterm infected neonates (pneumonia or sepsis) did not have higher RANTES concentrations than non-infected preterm neonates. In contrast, non-infected preterm neonates had higher MSGA/GRO-, concentrations than full-term healthy neonates. And preterm neonates with sepsis had higher MGSA/GRO-, concentrations than preterm ones with pneumonia and non-infected preterm ones. Conclusions: Preterm neonates had constitutively lower RANTES concentrations than term ones and it seems that during infection RANTES concentrations did not increase. MGSA/GRO-a concentrations were constitutively higher in preterm than term neonates, and septic events further increased its concentrations in preterm neonates. [source]

    Proinflammatory action of the antiinflammatory drug infliximab in tumor necrosis factor receptor,associated periodic syndrome

    ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 2 2009
    Belinda Nedjai
    Objective Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR),associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is an autosomal-dominant autoinflammatory condition caused by mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene. Unlike other autoinflammatory diseases in which anti-TNF therapy is largely a successful treatment option, therapy with the anti-TNF drug infliximab is often ineffective in patients with TRAPS. Moreover, in certain cases, infliximab actually triggers severe episodes of inflammation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying such a reaction. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from patients with TRAPS. Both caspase 3 activity and NF-,B subunit activity were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokine secretion was assessed using a specific customized human multiplex bead immunoassay kit. Results Unlike findings in controls, cells from a family of 9 patients, all of whom carried the T50M mutation in TNFRSF1A, failed to respond to infliximab through proapoptotic induction of caspase 3 activity. Instead, we observed enhanced antiapoptotic c-Rel subunit activity, accompanied by a significant increase in secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin- 1, (IL-1,), IL-1 receptor, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12. Conclusion Altered extracellular conformation of TNFRI, resulting from the T50M mutation in TNFRSF1A, results in failure of PBMCs to induce an apoptotic response to infliximab. We hypothesize that failure to shed infliximab-bound TNF/TNFRI from the cell surface of cells from patients with the T50M mutation triggers c-Rel activation, and that this leads to a marked increase in cytokine secretion and an increased proinflammatory response. In light of these findings, we strongly advise caution when prescribing infliximab as anti-TNF therapy to patients with TRAPS. [source]

    Plasma P-selectin is elevated in the first trimester in women who subsequently develop pre-eclampsia

    BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 7 2001
    P.M. Bosio
    Objective To report plasma concentrations of the adhesion cell molecule P-selectin during pregnancy to determine the effect of subsequent development of hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Design A longitudinal study. Methods A longitudinal study involving 70 women followed up from early pregnancy; 20 who subsequently developed pre-eclampsia were compared with 24 who developed gestational hypertension and 26 normotensive women with normal obstetric outcome. The determination of citrate plasma soluble P-selectin levels throughout pregnancy was performed using a commercial quantitative sandwich immunoassay kit. The temporal course of plasma P-selectin in the three groups of subjects was analysed. Results There was no significant difference in mean plasma P-selectin concentration between normotensive and gestational hypertensive subjects at any stage of pregnancy. Using a cutoff level of 60 ng/mL, P-selectin concentration at 10,14 weeks had a negative predictive value for pre-eclampsia of almost 99%. Mean plasma P-selectin concentrations were significantly elevated by 10,14 weeks in women who later developed pre-eclampsia (P<0.001). Conclusions Our data support an inflammatory model for pre-eclampsia whereby endothelial cell activation may be secondary to a primary inflammatory response. Plasma P-selectin has significant potential as a first trimester clinical marker of pre-eclampsia. [source]

    EFFECT OF THE PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITORS SILDENAFIL, TADALAFIL AND VARDENAFIL ON RAT ANOCOCCYGEUS MUSCLE: FUNCTIONAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS

    CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
    Haroldo A Toque
    SUMMARY 1The anococcygeus muscle is part of the erectile machinery in male rodents. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitors enhance and prolong the effects of cGMP, which has a key role in penile erection. The aim of the present study was to provide a functional and biochemical comparison of the three PDE5 inhibitors, namely sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, in the rat anococcygeus muscle. 2Muscle strips were mounted in 4 mL organ baths and isometric force recorded. Levels of cGMP were measured using an enzyme immunoassay kit. Western blots were used to determine PDE5 protein expression. 3The PDE5 inhibitors concentration-dependently relaxed carbachol-precontracted anococcygeus muscle; however, vardenafil was more potent (pEC50 = 8.11 ± 0.05) than sildenafil (7.72 ± 0.06) or tadalafil (7.69 ± 0.05). Addition of NG -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (100 µmol/L) or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (10 µmol/L) to the organ baths caused significant rightward shifts in concentration,response curves for all PDE5 inhibitors. 4Sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil (all at 0.1 µmol/L) caused leftward shifts in the glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) concentration-response curves (by 4.0-, 3.7- and 5.5-fold, respectively). In addition, all three PDE5 inhibitors significantly potentiated relaxation responses to both GTN (0.01,10 µmol/L) and electrical field stimulation (EFS; 1,32 Hz), with vardenafil having more pronounced effects. 5All three PDE5 inhibitors reduced EFS-evoked contractions in a concentration-dependent manner over the concentration range 0.001,1 µmol/L. There were no significant differences between the effects of the three PDE5 inhibitors. 6Vardenafil (0.01,0.1 µmol/L) was more potent in preventing cGMP degradation in vitro than sildenafil (0.01,0.1 µmol/L) and tadalafil (0.01,0.1 µmol/L). 7Under control conditions, the expression of PDE5 was higher in the anococcygeus muscle than in the corpus cavernosum. 8In conclusion, PDE5 inhibitors enhance exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in the rat anococcygeus muscle. The potency of vardenafil was greater than that of either sildenafil or tadalafil. [source]

    Concentration of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after cessation of chemotherapy

    HEMATOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2004
    Bogdan Mazur
    Abstract The immunosuppressive effect of cytotoxic drugs, basic therapeutic agents in the treatment of childhood acute leukemias, requires monitoring of the immune system following cessation of therapy. The cytokines are soluble proteins that play a key role in the immunoregulation of the lymphocyte function. The cytokines regulate growth, differentiation and function of various cells in normal conditions. The aim of our study was to estimate serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after cessation of chemotherapy. The study involved 150 children with ALL. This group consisted of: 30 children 1 month after treatment cessation; 30 children, 3 months later; 30 children 6 months later; 30 children, 9 months later and 30 children, 12 months later. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children. The levels of the cytokines under study were assayed using the immunoassay kits (R&D Systems, USA). During the study significant differences in TNF-alpha, IL-2 and IL-8 serum concentrations were observed among treated children and controls. However there were no differences in IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    Changes in serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor , and adhesion molecules in normal pregnant women and those with pregnancy-induced hypertension

    JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2003
    Keiichi Matsubara
    Abstract Aim:, To study whether serum tumor necrosis factor , gene (TNF,) and adhesion molecule levels are indicators of the onset of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), we compared levels of these molecules between normal pregnant women and PIH patients from the first to the third trimester. Methods:, We serially measured serum concentrations of TNF,, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) using enzyme immunoassay kits in 10 normal pregnant women and 10 pregnant women who developed PIH late in gestation. Results:, Serum TNF,, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin levels in PIH affected women were significantly higher from the first trimester compared with those in normal pregnancy. sVCAM-1 and sP-selectin levels were not significantly changed. Conclusion:, Serum TNF,, sE-selectin and sICAM-1 levels might be effective indicators of the onset of PIH. [source]

    Drug-specific in vitro release of IL-2, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-, in patients with delayed-type drug hypersensitivity

    ALLERGY, Issue 9 2009
    P. Lochmatter
    Background:, The most prevalent drug hypersensitivity reactions are T-cell mediated. The only established in vitro test for detecting T-cell sensitization to drugs is the lymphocyte transformation test, which is of limited practicability. To find an alternative in vitro method to detect drug-sensitized T cells, we screened the in vitro secretion of 17 cytokines/chemokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with well-documented drug allergies, in order to identify the most promising cytokines/chemokines for detection of T-cell sensitization to drugs. Methods:, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell of 10 patients, five allergic to ,-lactams and five to sulfanilamides, and of five healthy controls were incubated for 3 days with the drug antigen. Cytokine concentrations were measured in the supernatants using commercially available 17-plex bead-based immunoassay kits. Results:, Among the 17 cytokines/chemokines analysed, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-5, IL-13 and interferon-, (IFN-,) secretion in response to the drugs were significantly increased in patients when compared with healthy controls. No difference in cytokine secretion patterns between sulfonamide- and ,-lactam-reactive PBMC could be observed. The secretion of other cytokines/chemokines showed a high variability among patients. Conclusion:, The measurement of IL-2, IL-5, IL-13 or IFN-, or a combination thereof might be a useful in vitro tool for detection of T-cell sensitization to drugs. Secretion of these cytokines seems independent of the type of drug antigen and the phenotype of the drug reaction. A study including a higher number of patients and controls will be needed to determine the exact sensitivity and specificity of this test. [source]

    Elevated levels of leukotriene B4 and leukotriene E4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with scleroderma lung disease

    ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 6 2003
    Otylia Kowal-Bielecka
    Objective The leukotrienes are a family of arachidonic acid,derived lipid mediators with proinflammatory and profibrotic properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and LTE4 in the pathogenesis of scleroderma lung disease (SLD). Methods Nineteen systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with SLD, 11 SSc patients without SLD, and 10 healthy controls were studied. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained during routine bronchoscopy of the right middle lobe in all study subjects. Levels of LTB4 and LTE4 were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Results Levels of LTB4 and LTE4 were significantly higher in SSc patients with SLD (251 ± 170 pg/ml and 479 ± 301 pg/ml, respectively), than those in patients without SLD (114 ± 86 and 159 ± 149 pg/ml) and those in normal controls (86 ± 49 and 110 ± 67 pg/ml). In the total group of patients with SSc, levels of both leukotrienes correlated positively with the total number of cells in the BAL fluid and correlated negatively with the forced vital capacity. After intravenous pulse therapy with cyclophosphamide in 6 patients, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of LTB4 (from 380 ± 196 pg/ml to 155 ± 123 pg/ml) but no significant difference in the levels of LTE4 (from 697 ± 325 pg/ml to 418 ± 140 pg/ml). Conclusion Our findings show that LTB4 and LTE4 levels are elevated in SSc patients with SLD and correlate with parameters of inflammation in the lungs. These results indicate that leukotrienes may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLD and may represent a new therapeutic target. [source]

    Cerebrospinal fluid, serum and plasma protein oxidation in Alzheimer's disease

    ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2009
    M. A. Korolainen
    Objectives,,, Many studies have shown differences in carbonylation and nitration of individual proteins in brain and body fluids of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Therefore, we wanted to examine whether total levels of these oxidative stress markers of proteins were altered in AD. Patients and methods,,, Total levels of carbonyls and nitrotyrosine in cerebrospinal fluid, serum and plasma were measured in 22 AD patients and 18 age-matched controls using commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits. Results,,, Protein carbonylation in cerebrospinal fluid did not differ between AD patients and controls but was decreased in APOE ,4 carriers as compared with non-carriers. Serum but not plasma levels of carbonyls tended to be decreased in AD patients as compared with aged controls. Nitrotyrosine concentrations did not differ between the groups. Surrogate cerebrospinal fluid markers for AD, beta-amyloid (1,42) and tau, correlated with blood carbonyl and nitrotyrosine levels. Conclusions,,, According to these preliminary data, changes in oxidative metabolism related to the pathogenesis of AD cannot be detected as increased cerebrospinal fluid, serum or plasma protein carbonylation or nitration. [source]