Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Immigration Status (immigration + status)
Selected AbstractsPatients' perceptions of cultural factors affecting the quality of their medical encountersHEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Issue 1 2005Anna M. Nápoles-Springer PhD Abstract Objective, The aim of this study was to identify key domains of cultural competence from the perspective of ethnically and linguistically diverse patients. Design, The study involved one-time focus groups in community settings with 61 African,Americans, 45 Latinos and 55 non-Latino Whites. Participants' mean age was 48 years, 45% were women, and 47% had less than a high school education. Participants in 19 groups were asked the meaning of ,culture' and what cultural factors influenced the quality of their medical encounters. Each text unit (TU or identifiable continuous verbal utterance) of focus group transcripts was content analysed to identify key dimensions using inductive and deductive methods. The proportion of TUs was calculated for each dimension by ethnic group. Results, Definitions of culture common to all three ethnic groups included value systems (25% of TUs), customs (17%), self-identified ethnicity (15%), nationality (11%) and stereotypes (4%). Factors influencing the quality of medical encounters common to all ethnic groups included sensitivity to complementary/alternative medicine (17%), health insurance-based discrimination (12%), social class-based discrimination (9%), ethnic concordance of physician and patient (8%), and age-based discrimination (4%). Physicians' acceptance of the role of spirtuality (2%) and of family (2%), and ethnicity-based discrimination (11%) were cultural factors specific to non-Whites. Language issues (21%) and immigration status (5%) were Latino-specific factors. Conclusions, Providing quality health care to ethnically diverse patients requires cultural flexibility to elicit and respond to cultural factors in medical encounters. Interventions to reduce disparities in health and health care in the USA need to address cultural factors that affect the quality of medical encounters. [source] Child Mortality and Socioeconomic Status: An Examination of Differentials by Migration Status in South Africa1INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, Issue 1 2007Kevin J. A. Thomas This study examines child mortality and socioeconomic status among migrants and nonmigrants. It also examines child mortality by migration status in all quintiles of socioeconomic status, comparing immigrants to the native-born and internal migrants to nonmigrants. The results show that among migrants, child mortality decreased faster as socioeconomic status increased than among nonmigrants. The results also show a cross-over in the likelihood of child mortality by immigration status as socioeconomic status increased. In the poorest socioeconomic quintiles immigrants had a greater likelihood of child mortality than the native-born while in the wealthiest quintiles child mortality was greater among the native-born. [source] The Role of Ethnic Matching Between Patient and Provider on the Effectiveness of Brief Alcohol Interventions With HispanicsALCOHOLISM, Issue 2 2010Craig Field Background:, Evaluating the effectiveness of treatments such as brief alcohol interventions among Hispanics is essential to effectively addressing their treatment needs. Clinicians of the same ethnicity as the client may be more likely to understand the culture-specific values, norms, and attitudes and, therefore, the intervention may be more effective. Thus, in cases in which Hispanic patients were provided intervention by a Hispanic clinician improved drinking outcomes were expected. Methods:, Patients were recruited from an urban Level I Trauma following screening for an alcohol-related injury or alcohol problems. Five hundred thirty-seven Hispanics were randomly assigned to brief intervention or treatment as usual. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to determine the effects of ethnic match on drinking outcomes including volume per week, maximum amount, and frequency of 5 or more drinks per occasion. Analyses controlled for level of acculturation and immigration status. Results:, For Hispanics who received brief motivational intervention, an ethnic match between patient and provider resulted in a significant reduction in drinking outcomes at 12-month follow-up. In addition, there was a tendency for ethnic match to be most beneficial to foreign-born Hispanics and less acculturated Hispanics. Conclusion:, As hypothesized, an ethnic match between patient and provider significantly enhanced the effectiveness of brief intervention among Hispanics. Ethnic concordance between patient and provider may have impacted the effectiveness of the intervention through several mechanisms including cultural scripts, ethnic-specific perceptions pertaining to substance abuse, and ethnic-specific preferred channels of communication. [source] Assessing the contribution of working conditions to socioeconomic disparities in health: A commentaryAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2010Paul A. Landsbergis PhD Abstract Introduction Occupational health researchers can play a pivotal role in increasing our understanding of the role of physical and psychosocial working conditions in producing socioeconomic health disparities and trends of increasing socioeconomic health disparities, contributing to interventions to reduce such disparities, and helping to improve public education materials on this subject. However, a number of methodological challenges in this field need to be considered. Methods Commentary, including a review of selected studies. Results/Conclusion Research needs to be guided by models of the associations between social (socioeconomic position (SEP), race/ethnicity, immigration status, and gender) and occupational variables and health, to avoid inappropriate control for confounding, and to specify causal pathways (mediation) and interaction effects. Different approaches to the theory and measurement of SEP also need to be tested. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:95,103 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Evidence of organizational injustice in poultry processing plants: Possible effects on occupational health and safety among latino workers in North CarolinaAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2009Antonio J. Marín MA Abstract Background Over 250,000 workers are employed in poultry processing, one of the most dangerous industries in the US. These jobs are increasingly held by immigrant workers who are frequently undocumented, lack knowledge of workers' rights to workplace safety, and who are reluctant to pursue their rights. This situation creates the potential for organizational injustice, made visible through abusive supervisory practices, and leads to situations in which occupational illnesses and injuries are likely to occur. Methods This paper draws on data collected during the research phases of a community-based participatory research and social justice project. Two hundred survey interviews and 26 in-depth interviews were collected in representative, community-based samples in western North Carolina. Analyses describe associations between one aspect of organizational injustice, abusive supervision, and worker injuries. Results Workers' reports of abusive supervision are associated with a variety of specific and summary health indicators. The associations are stronger for women than for men. These suggest that the use of relative power within the plant may be the basis for injuries and illnesses. Three types of power relations are described that form the basis for these abusive interactions in the plant: ethnicity (American vs. Latino), immigration status ("good papers" vs. undocumented), and rank (supervisor vs. worker). Two factors modify these relations: kinship (preferences and privileges for family members) and gender. Conclusions Among Latino immigrants working in poultry plants, power differences reflecting organizational injustice in the form of abusive supervision may promote occupational illnesses and injuries, particularly for women. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:37,48, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Semi-compliance and illegality in migrant labour markets: an analysis of migrants, employers and the state in the UKPOPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 3 2010Martin Ruhs Abstract This paper explores the nature and determinants of illegality in migrant labour markets. It conceptualises the various legal ,spaces of (il)legality' in the employment of migrants, and explores the perceptions and functions of these spaces from the points of view of migrants, employers, and the state. Our theoretical approach goes beyond the notion that illegality is ,produced' by the state, and recognises the agency that some migrants and employers have vis-ŕ-vis the state's migration frameworks. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative interviews with East European migrants and employers in the UK, and analysis of the UK government's policies, rhetoric, and enforcement, we find that migrants, employers, and the state all recognise the distinctions between different types of illegality, and their differentiated impacts. In particular, semi-compliance , which we define as the employment of migrants who are legally resident but working in violation of the employment restrictions attached to their immigration status , is a distinct and contested space of (il)legality that serves important functions. It allows employers and migrants to maximize economic benefits from employment while minimizing the threat of state sanctions for violations of immigration law. Semi-compliance exists, and is likely to persist, in part because it constitutes an equilibrium, which we show, serves the interests of migrants and employers and in practice is difficult for the state to control. We expect these findings for the UK to be of relevance to many other high-income countries, which like the UK, consider migrants both as an important source of flexible labour and yet as subjects of immigration control whose employment needs to be closely monitored. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Coverage and accuracy of ethnicity data on three Asian ethnic groups in New ZealandAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 3 2010Pauline Norris Abstract Objective: Detecting and eliminating ethnic disparities in access to and outcomes of healthcare relies on accurate ethnicity recording. Studies have shown that there are inaccuracies in ethnicity data in New Zealand and elsewhere. This study examined coverage and accuracy of ethnicity data for three Asian ethnic groups. Methods: Student researchers from, or with links to, the ethnic groups concerned worked with communities to recruit participants. Names and dates of birth, length of residence in New Zealand and immigration status were recorded. Names and dates of birth were sent to the New Zealand Health Information Service, which attempted to link them with National Health Index ethnicity data. Results: Only 72% of participants could be linked to an NHI number, and only 48% of those had their ethnicity recorded accurately. Linkage odds were lower for older people, and accuracy was higher for Chinese people compared to the other ethnicities. Length of residence and immigration status did not affect either coverage or accuracy. Conclusion: Most participants who could be linked had their ethnicity recorded in the broader category of "Asian", but accuracy was poor at the sub-group level. Implications: Extreme caution should be applied when examining data about sub-groups within the ,Asian' category. [source] Termination of pregnancy according to immigration status: a population-based registry linkage studyBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 10 2008S Vangen Objective, Frequency of termination of pregnancy (TOP) and associated risk factors according to immigration status were studied. Design, Population-based registry study linking hospital data with information from the Central Population Registry of Norway. Setting, Oslo, Norway. Population, All women 15,49 years undergoing TOP and resident in Oslo, Norway from 1 January 2000 to 31 July 2003. Methods, TOP rates per 1000 women/year were calculated. The association of socio-economic variables such as maternal age, marital status, number of children and education level within the study groups were estimated as odds ratios and using logistic regression. Main outcome measure, Termination of pregnancy. Results, Refugees (30.2, 95% CI = 28.5,31.8) and labour migrants (19.9, 95% CI = 18.7,21.3) had significantly higher TOP rates than nonmigrants (16.7, 95% CI = 16.3,17.1). Except in women less than 25 years, labour migrants had higher TOP rates than nonmigrants. Refugees had the highest rates in all age groups. Being unmarried was associated with a substantially increased risk of TOP among the nonmigrants; such effect was not observed among labour migrants and refugees. Two or more children were associated with increased risk among nonmigrants and refugees compared with four or more among the labour migrants. Generally, higher education showed a protective effect that was most pronounced among nonmigrants. Compared with nonmigrants, adjusted risk of TOP was 1.37 (95% CI = 1.25,1.50) for labour migrants and 1.94 (95% CI = 1.79,2.11) for refugees. Conclusion, Public health efforts to increase the use of contraceptives among refugees and labour migrants above 25 years should be encouraged. [source] Street Codes in High School: School as an Educational DeterrentCITY & COMMUNITY, Issue 3 2007Pedro Mateu-Gelabert Elsewhere we have documented how conflict between adolescents in the streets shapes conflict in the schools. Here we consider the impact of street codes on the culture and environment of the schools themselves, and the effect of this culture and on the students' commitment and determination to participate in their own education. We present the high school experiences of first-generation immigrants and African American students, distinguishing between belief in education and commitment to school. In an environment characterized by ineffective control and nonengaging classes, often students are not socialized around academic values and goals. Students need to develop strategies to remain committed to education while surviving day to day in an unsafe, academically limited school environment. These processes are sometimes seen as minority "resistance" to educational norms. Instead, our data suggest that the nature of the schools in which minority students find themselves has a greater influence on sustaining or dissuading students' commitment to education than do their immigration status or cultural backgrounds. [source] | |||||||||||||