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Kinds of Illustration Terms modified by Illustration Selected AbstractsETHICAL PROBLEMS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH IN ACUTE EPIDEMICS: THE PFIZER MENINGITIS STUDY IN NIGERIA AS AN ILLUSTRATIONDEVELOPING WORLD BIOETHICS, Issue 1 2010EMMANUEL R. EZEOME ABSTRACT The ethics of conducting research in epidemic situations have yet to account fully for differences in the proportion and acuteness of epidemics, among other factors. While epidemics most often arise from infectious diseases, not all infectious diseases are of epidemic proportions, and not all epidemics occur acutely. These and other variations constrain the generalization of ethical decision-making and impose ethical demands on the individual researcher in a way not previously highlighted. This paper discusses a number of such constraints and impositions. It applies the ethical principles enunciated by Emmanuel et al.1 to the controversial Pfizer study in Nigeria in order to highlight the particular ethical concerns of acute epidemic research, and suggest ways of meeting such challenges. The paper recommends that research during epidemics should be partly evaluated on its own merits in order to determine its ethical appropriateness to the specific situation. Snap decisions to conduct research during acute epidemics should be resisted. Community engagement, public notification and good information management are needed to promote the ethics of conducting research during acute epidemics. Individual consent is most at risk of being compromised, and every effort should be made to ensure that it is maintained and valid. Use of data safety management boards should be routine. Acute epidemics also present opportunities to enhance the social value of research and maximize its benefits to communities. Ethical research is possible in acute epidemics, if the potential challenges are thought of ahead of time and appropriate precautions taken. [source] THE GRAVITY MODEL: AN ILLUSTRATION OF STRUCTURAL ESTIMATION AS CALIBRATIONECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 4 2008EDWARD J. BALISTRERI Dawkins, Srinivasan, and Whalley ("Calibration,"Handbook of Econometrics, 2001) propose that estimation is calibration. We illustrate their point by examining a leading econometric application in the study of international and interregional trade by Anderson and van Wincoop ("Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle,"American Economic Review, 2003). We replicate the econometric process and show it to be a calibration of a general equilibrium model. Our approach offers unique insights into structural estimation, and we highlight the importance of traditional calibration considerations when one uses econometric techniques to calibrate a model for comparative policy analysis. (JEL F10, C13, C60) [source] SO YOU ALREADY HAVE A SURVEY DATABASE?,A SEVEN-STEP METHODOLOGY FOR THEORY BUILDING FROM SURVEY DATABASES: AN ILLUSTRATION FROM INCREMENTAL INNOVATION GENERATION IN BUYER,SELLER RELATIONSHIPSJOURNAL OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2010SUBROTO ROY Across business disciplines, the importance of database research for theory testing continues to increase. The availability of data also has increased, though methods to analyze and interpret these data lag. This research proposes a method for extracting strong measures from survey databases by a progression from qualitative to quantitative techniques. To test the proposed method, this study uses the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) survey database, which includes data from firms in several European countries. The proposed method consists of two phases and seven steps, as illustrated in the context of the firm's incremental innovation generation for buyer,seller relationships. This systematic progression moves from a broad but valid empirical case study to the development of a narrow and reliable measure of incremental innovation generation in the IMP database. The proposed method can use supply chain survey databases for theory development without requiring primary data collection, assuming certain conditions. [source] Drawing for Illustration and Annotation in 3DCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 3 2001David Bourguignon We present a system for sketching in 3D, which strives to preserve the degree of expression, imagination, and simplicity of use achieved by 2D drawing. Our system directly uses user-drawn strokes to infer the sketches representing the same scene from different viewpoints, rather than attempting to reconstruct a 3D model. This is achieved by interpreting strokes as indications of a local surface silhouette or contour. Strokes thus deform and disappear progressively as we move away from the original viewpoint. They may be occluded by objects indicated by other strokes, or, in contrast, be drawn above such objects. The user draws on a plane which can be positioned explicitly or relative to other objects or strokes in the sketch. Our system is interactive, since we use fast algorithms and graphics hardware for rendering. We present applications to education, design, architecture and fashion, where 3D sketches can be used alone or as an annotation of an existing 3D model. [source] The Speke's Gazelle Breeding Program as an Illustration of the Importance of Multilocus Genetic Diversity in Conservation Biology: Response to Kalinowski et al.CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Alan R. Templeton First page of article [source] Microencapsulation: Restoration of Conductivity with TTF-TCNQ Charge-Transfer Salts (Adv. Funct.ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 11 2010Mater. Rupture of a mixture of core,shell microcapsules containing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and, separately, tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in solution results in the formation of the conductive TTF-TCNQ charge-transfer salt. On page 1721, J. S. Moore and co-workers used this initially non-conductive microcapsule system to restore electrical conductivity to a damaged gold circuit upon microcapsule rupture. Illustration provided by Alex Jerez. [source] Bionanotechnology: Enhancement of Aggregation-Induced Emission in Dye-Encapsulating Polymeric Micelles for Bioimaging (Adv. Funct.ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 9 2010Mater. Amphiphilic block copolymers can form polymer micelles for delivering hydrophobic fluorescent probes with aggregation-induced emission properties, as presented by A. K.-Y. Jen et al. on page 1413. By itself, 1,1,2,3,4,5-hexaphenylsilole (HPS) exhibits dramatically enhanced blue-green fluorescent emission efficiencies when encapsulated within the hydrophobic core of a polymeric micelle. When HPS is co-encapsulated with bis(4-(N -(1-naphthyl) phenylamino)-phenyl)fumaronitrile, effective orange-red fluorescence resonance energy transfer can be demonstrated within live RAW 264.7 cells. Illustration provided by Brent Polishak. [source] Research Techniques and Their Use in Managing Non,profit Organisations , An Illustration of DEA Analysis in NPO EnvironmentsFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2003Jarmo Vakkuri This article examines nonprofit organisations from the managerial viewpoint. The objective is to study the applicability of efficiency information in managing NPOs. For this purpose important conceptual and methodological aspects are addressed. An efficiency measurement technique (DEA) is then analysed as a case in point, and its main characteristics critically reviewed. DEA applications in four NPO environments are examined. The aim is to pinpoint possibilities and limitations in using DEA,based efficiency information in the management process of NPOs. The article argues in favour of a more profound comprehension of the use of efficiency information and the application of research techniques. [source] Les Avantures de la Madona et de François d'Assise: Illustration as PolemicJOURNAL FOR EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES, Issue 3 2008DAVID ADAMS [source] Journal of Cellular Physiology: Volume 225, Number 2, November 2010JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Article first published online: 29 SEP 2010 Cover shows the differential expression of microRNAs (miRs) in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) vs. human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), revealing 10 highly expressed miRs in hiPSCs with greater than ten-fold difference, which have been shown to be cancer related. (Illustration by Vladimir Galat). Please see article by Collins et al, pages 454,465. [source] Exact Small-Sample Differential Item Functioning Methods for Polytomous Items With Illustration Based on an Attitude SurveyJOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT, Issue 4 2004J. Patrick Meyer Exact nonparametric procedures have been used to identify the level of differential item functioning (DIF) in binary items. This study explored the use of exact DIF procedures with items scored on a Likert scale. The results from an attitude survey suggest that the large-sample Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) procedure identifies more items as statistically significant than two comparable exact nonparametric methods. This finding is consistent with previous findings; however, when items are classified in National Assessment of Educational Progress DIF categories, the results show that the CMH and its exact nonparametric counterparts produce almost identical classifications. Since DIF is often evaluated in terms of statistical and practical significance, this study provides evidence that the large-sample CMH procedure may be safely used even when the focal group has as few as 76 cases. [source] Front Cover Picture: Laser & Photon.LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS, Issue 4 2010Rev. 4(4)/2010 Illustration of local deformation in an isolated carbon nanotube due to the pressure applied through the apex of a nano-tip. By sensing this local deformation by means of Raman shift in TERS, the sample can be imaged with extremely high spatial resolution.(Picture: P. Verma et al., pp. 548,561, in this issue) [source] Biodegradable Polylactide and Its Nanocomposites: Opening a New Dimension for Plastics and CompositesMACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 14 2003Suprakas Sinha Ray Abstract The academic and industrial aspects of the preparation, characterization, mechanical and materials properties, crystallization behavior, melt rheology, and foam processing of pure polylactide (PLA) and PLA/layered silicate nanocomposites are described in this feature article. Recently, these materials have attracted considerable interest in polymer science research. PLA is linear aliphatic thermoplastic polyester and is made from agricultural products. Hectorite and montmorillonite are among the most commonly used smectite-type layered silicates for the preparation of nanocomposites. Smectites are a valuable mineral class for industrial applications because of their high cation exchange capacities, surface area, surface reactivity, adsorptive properties, and, in the case of hectorite, high viscosity, and transparency in solution. In their pristine form, they are hydrophilic in nature, and this property makes them very difficult to disperse into a polymer matrix. The most common way to overcome this difficulty is to replace interlayer cations with quaternized ammonium or phosphonium cations, preferably with long alkyl chains. In general, polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites are of three different types: (1) intercalated nanocomposites, in which insertion of polymer chains into the layered silicate structure occurs in a crystallographically regular fashion, regardless of polymer to layered silicate ratio, with a repeat distance of few nanometer; (2) flocculated nanocomposites, in which intercalated and stacked silicate layers are sometimes flocculated due to the hydroxylated edge,edge interactions between the silicate layers; (3) exfoliated nanocomposites, in which individual silicate layers are uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix by average distances that totally depend on the layered silicate loading. This new family of composite materials frequently exhibits remarkable improvements in its material properties when compared with those of virgin PLA. Improved properties can include a high storage modulus both in the solid and melt states, increased flexural properties, a decrease in gas permeability, increased heat distortion temperature, an increase in the rate of biodegradability of pure PLA, and so forth. Illustration of the biodegradability of PLA and various nanocomposites. [source] Origin of Bends in Unperturbed Vinyl Polymers: An Illustration with PolystyreneMACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS, Issue 7 2007Yergou B. Tatek Abstract Previous experimental works have shown that dendronized vinyl polymers exhibit bends when adsorbed onto a surface. Two different mechanisms are believed to be responsible for the formation of these bends. These mechanisms are the temperature dependent random fluctuations of torsional bond states on one hand, and the intramolecular interactions due to the randomness in the stereochemical sequence of side chains on the other hand. Investigation of the amplitude and scope of the above mechanisms has been made by studying the conformational space of PS chains via RIS based Monte Carlo sampling. It was found that at low temperature bend formation is due to tacticity, whereas it was thermally driven at high temperature. The existence of a transition temperature between these two bend formation modes was demonstrated. It was also shown that for atactic chains, the maximum of bend formation occurs at Pm,,,0.7. [source] Warranty costs: An age-dependent failure/repair modelNAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 7 2004Boyan Dimitrov Abstract An age-dependent repair model is proposed. The notion of the "calendar age" of the product and the degree of repair are used to define the virtual age of the product. The virtual failure rate function and the virtual hazard function related to the lifetime of the product are discussed. Under a nonhomogeneous Poisson process scenario the expected warranty costs for repairable products associated with linear pro-rata, nonrenewing free replacement and renewing free replacement warranties are evaluated. Illustration of the results is given by numerical and graphical examples. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004. [source] Illustration of dynamic changes in Alzheimer pathology: From mild cognitive impairment to terminal stageNEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Haruyasu Yamaguchi It is quite important to examine the neuropathology of large numbers of brains from non-demented as well as demented subjects to elucidate the pathogenesis of dementia. Such a study, "power neuropathology" reveals the temporal profile of the disease, and results in the development of the treatment and the prevention of dementia. [source] Efficiency droop in nitride-based light-emitting diodesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 10 2010Joachim Piprek Abstract Nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) suffer from a reduction (droop) of the internal quantum efficiency with increasing injection current. This droop phenomenon is currently the subject of intense research worldwide, as it delays general lighting applications of GaN-based LEDs. Several explanations of the efficiency droop have been proposed in recent years, but none is widely accepted. This feature article provides a snapshot of the present state of droop research, reviews currently discussed droop mechanisms, contextualizes them, and proposes a simple yet unified model for the LED efficiency droop. Illustration of LED efficiency droop (details in Fig. 13). [source] A Welfare Loss Measure of Unemployment with An Empirical IllustrationTHE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 2 2001Satya Paul Based on interpersonal comparisons, a welfare loss measure of unemployment is developed. The proposed measure is additively decomposable which enables us to assess the group-specific contribution to aggregate welfare cost. It possesses certain other desirable properties. It is sensitive to unemployment rate, mean duration of unemployment and the relative differences in the duration of unemployment. Since all these can vary differently over the years and across regions, the proposed measure is most suitable for comparing the welfare cost of unemployment over a period of time or across regions. An empirical exercise based on the Australian labour force survey data illustrates the usefulness and an easy applicability of the proposed measure. [source] Innentitelbild: Controlled Stability of Molecular Junctions (Angew. Chem.ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 44 200944/2009) Die Schlüsselrolle der Grenzflächen in Elektroden-Molekül-Kontakten kann anhand des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit durch sie untersucht werden. In der Zuschrift auf S.,8423,ff. zeigen A. Filoramo et,al., dass das ,Blinken" der Thiol-Gold-Bindung durch geeignete Wahl des Moleküls unterdrückt werden kann: Bei Kontakten mit dem Terphenylenmolekül variiert die Leitfähigkeit stochastisch, dagegen sind die mit dem Terthiophenmolekül über mehrere Wochen äußerst stabil (Illustration: D. Nozaki). [source] Fast FSR Variable Selection with Applications to Clinical TrialsBIOMETRICS, Issue 3 2009Dennis D. Boos Summary A new version of the false selection rate variable selection method of Wu, Boos, and Stefanski (2007,,Journal of the American Statistical Association,102, 235,243) is developed that requires no simulation. This version allows the tuning parameter in forward selection to be estimated simply by hand calculation from a summary table of output even for situations where the number of explanatory variables is larger than the sample size. Because of the computational simplicity, the method can be used in permutation tests and inside bagging loops for improved prediction. Illustration is provided in clinical trials for linear regression, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards regression. [source] Formative Versus Reflective Indicators in Organizational Measure Development: A Comparison and Empirical IllustrationBRITISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2006Adamantios Diamantopoulos A comparison is undertaken between scale development and index construction procedures to trace the implications of adopting a reflective versus formative perspective when creating multi-item measures for organizational research. Focusing on export coordination as an illustrative construct of interest, the results show that the choice of measurement perspective impacts on the content, parsimony and criterion validity of the derived coordination measures. Implications for practising researchers seeking to develop multi-item measures of organizational constructs are considered. [source] Bifurcation stenting with drug eluting stents: Illustration of the crush techniqueCATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Issue 6 2006Georgios Sianos MD Abstract A number of percutaneous stenting techniques have been proposed for optimal treatment of bifurcation lesions. However, to date the most favorable interventional approach still remains controversial, since bifurcation lesions are associated with high procedural complication and restenosis rates. In the era of drug-eluting stents, crush stenting technique simplified the procedure, concurrently allowing full lesion coverage. The purpose of the present report is to review three cases treated with crush stenting and to describe in detail the technique and its variations. © 2006 Wiley-Liss., Inc. [source] Organocatalytic Direct Vinylogous Michael Addition of ,,,-Unsaturated ,-Butyrolactam to ,,,-Unsaturated Aldehydes and an Illustration to Scaffold Diversity SynthesisCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 34 2010Xin Feng Ideal for scaffold diversity synthesis: The first organocatalytic direct vinylogous Michael addition of N -Boc ,,,-unsaturated ,-butyrolactam to ,,,-unsaturated aldehydes has been developed. The products with multiple orthogonal sets of functionalities were transformed into diverse enantioenriched natural-product-like or drug-like molecules with fused bi-, tri-, or polycyclic scaffolds (see scheme), which might have potential for biologically related studies. [source] Invention and Public Dialogue: Lessons from Rhetorical TheoriesCOMMUNICATION THEORY, Issue 1 2008Nola J. Heidlebaugh Although the dialogical nature of publics and public deliberation has been acknowledged frequently in recent years, several scholars have challenged the viability of dialogue as an instrument of public deliberation. This study discusses some of those challenges and examines a form of invention drawn from sophistic rhetoric for its potential to contribute to the theory and practice of facilitated dialogue on public issues. An extended illustration is drawn from an actual multilogue on a public issue. Résumé Invention et dialogue public: Leçons des théories rhétoriques Bien que la nature dialogique des publics et de la délibération publique ait fréquemment été reconnue au cours des dernières années, plusieurs chercheurs ont mis en doute la viabilité du dialogue comme instrument de délibération publique. Cette étude commente certains de ces défis et examine une forme d,invention tirée de la rhétorique sophiste pour son potentiel à contribuer à la théorie et la pratique du dialogue facilité sur des questions publiques. Une longue illustration est tirée d'un réel multilogue autour d'un enjeu public. Abstract Erfindung und öffentlicher Dialog: Lektionen der Rhetoriktheorien Auch wenn die dialogische Natur von Öffentlichkeiten und öffentlicher Deliberation in den vergangenen Jahren häufiger anerkannt wurde, zweifeln einige Wissenschaftler die Brauchbarkeit des Dialogs als ein Instrument der öffentlichen Deliberation an. Diese Studie diskutiert einige dieser Zweifel und untersucht eine aus der Rhetorik der Sophisten abgeleitete Form der Intervention auf ihren Beitrag zu Theorie und Praxis eines förderlichem Dialog in öffentlichen Fragen. Ein realer Multilog zu einer öffentlichen Frage dient der Illustration. Resumen La Invención y el Diálogo Público: Las Lecciones de las Teorías Retóricas Aún cuando la naturaleza dialógica de los públicos y la deliberación pública han sido admitidas frecuentemente en años recientes, varios estudiosos han desafiado la viabilidad del diálogo como un instrumento de la deliberación pública. Este estudio discute algunos de esos desafíos y examina una forma de invención tomada de la retórica sofista por su potencial para contribuir a la teoría y práctica de diálogo facilitado sobre asuntos públicos. Una ilustración extensiva es tomada de un multi-diálogo de un asunto público actual. ZhaiYao [source] Esthetic treatment modalities in men: psychologic aspects of male cosmetic patientsDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 6 2007Richard G Fried ABSTRACT:, Male cosmetic patients represent a growing population of individuals who can substantially benefit from well-chosen esthetic interventions. Understanding some of the unique aspects of the male psyche can result in more effective recruitment of male cosmetic patients and aid the clinician in helping these patients to choose appropriate interventions. Specific recommendations for the physician, staff, and office environment are provided. Illustrations of emotional and functional benefits are provided that can be shared with patients to enhance expectations and satisfaction with outcomes. [source] 2006 Presidential Address: Errors and Omissions: Some Illustrations From Unpublished ResearchEDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT: ISSUES AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2007James C. Impara First page of article [source] United Nations "Policy": An Argument with Three IllustrationsINTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 1 2009Ramesh Thakur This article explores whether and in what sense there is a "United Nations policy," a topic unexplored in the literature. The UN's universal character provides legitimacy, a precious asset in formulating global public policy. It is thus the forum of choice for regime negotiation and norm promotion for contested contemporary challenges, reflecting its comparative advantage and its unique ability to formulate policies that aspire to universal application and relevance. This essay explores the UN's particular contribution to global problem solving for terrorism, sustainability, and controlling pandemics in order to show, through these three illustrations, how the United Nations contributes to the advance or retreat of global governance. [source] Tales of resistance and other emancipatory functions of storytellingJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 11 2009Jane S. Grassley Abstract Title.,Tales of resistance and other emancipatory functions of storytelling. Aim., This paper is the report of a study to explore how the process of storytelling might facilitate women's emancipatory knowing, using examples from women's breastfeeding stories. Background., Storytelling, as an interactive process, can give women a way to explain pivotal life events, justify choices, examine reality and find meaning in experiences. Emancipatory functions of storytelling have been identified as contextual grounding, bonding with others, validating and affirming experiences, venting and catharsis, resisting oppression and educating others. Method., Secondary data analysis was conducted in 2008 on breastfeeding stories originally gathered from 13 women from 2002 to 2004 for a feminist hermeneutic study of maternal breastfeeding confidence. The stories were re-examined through the lens of the emancipatory functions of storytelling. Illustrations of contextual grounding, validating and affirming experiences, venting and catharsis and acts of resistance were found in the breastfeeding stories and presented as exemplars of emancipatory knowing. Findings., Women revealed the difficulties they encountered breastfeeding, transforming these experiences as they discovered their meaning. They described collisions that occurred when personal, familial, healthcare professionals' or cultural expectations differed from their experience. The stories suggested possible liberation from old ideologies about breastfeeding as women redefined the difficulties they encountered. Conclusion., Storytelling has potential as a simple, yet profound, and powerful emancipatory intervention which nurses can use to help women in their care make sense of and transform experiences of health and illness. Storytelling may have global implications for nursing practice and research. [source] A systematic review on communicating with patients about evidenceJOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2006Lyndal J Trevena MBBS (Hons) MPhilPH Abstract Objective, To conduct a systematic search for (1) the effectiveness of evidence-based communication tools to increase patient understanding of evidence, (2) effective formats for representing probabilistic information and (3) effective strategies for eliciting patient preferences about evidence. A case scenario is used to illustrate some of the difficulties of putting these results into practice., ,Data sources, Systematic search of The Cochrane Library, Medline, Psychinfo, Embase and Cancerlit. Review methods, Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and high quality RCTs were included. Studies were excluded if they did not address the question, were focused on behavioural outcomes without attempting to increase understanding, were concerned with counselling as a therapeutic intervention, or were specific to communication regarding clinical trial participation., ,Results, We found 10 systematic reviews of RCTs and 30 additional RCTs addressing our questions. Communication tools in most formats (verbal, written, video, provider-delivered, computer-based) will increase patients' understanding but are more likely to do so if structured, tailored and/or interactive. Probabilistic information is best represented as event rates (natural frequencies) in relevant groups of people, rather than words, probabilities or summarized as effect measures such as relative risk reduction. Illustrations such as cartoons, or graphs (vertical bar charts) appear to aid understanding. Values clarification exercises may be better than standard utility techniques for eliciting preferences in individual decision making. Looking for effective evidence-based communication tools for prostatic specific antigen testing highlighted the challenges for clinicians and consumers in accessing tools that are evidence-based in design as well as content. Conclusion, There is an increasing body of evidence supporting the design of effective evidence-based communication tools but variable access to such tools in practice. [source] To prosper, organizational psychology should, expand the values of organizational psychology to match the quality of its ethics,JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 4 2008Joel Lefkowitz The values of organizational psychology are criticized as (a) having supplanted psychology's humanist tradition and societal responsibilities with corporate economic objectives; (b) being "scientistic" in perpetuating the notion of value-free science while ignoring that it is business values that largely drive our research and practice; (c) failing to include normative perspectives of what organizations ought to be like in moral terms; (d) having a pro-management bias; and (e) having allowed ourselves to be defined largely by technocratic competence, almost to the exclusion of considering desirable societal goods. Illustrations of some adverse consequences of these values are presented. It is suggested we expand our self-image to encompass a scientist,practitioner,humanist (S-P-H) model that includes consideration of different values, advocacy of employee rights and a normative characterization of how organizations ought to be,reflecting the broader societal responsibilities of a true profession. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||