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Anatomic Variability (anatomic + variability)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	80%

Selected Abstracts

Assessment of Pulmonary Vein Anatomic Variability by Magnetic Resonance Imaging:

JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 4 2004
Implications for Catheter Ablation Techniques for Atrial Fibrillation
Introduction: Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation for atrial fibrillation (AF) currently is performed using either an ostial or an extra-ostial approach. The objective of this study was to analyze by three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) the anatomy of the PVs in order to detect structural variability that would impact the choice of ablation approach. Methods and Results: Three-dimensional MRA was performed in 105 patients undergoing PV isolation. The ostial diameter, branching pattern, and PV angulation were analyzed. Fifty-nine (56%) patients had the typical pattern of 4 PVs with 4 separate ostia, 30 (29%) patients had an additional PV, and 18 (17%) patients had a left common PV trunk. In two patients, there were three right-sided veins and a common left-sided trunk, giving rise to four ostia: three on the right and one on the left. Two different populations of right middle PVs were noted: one where the additional vein projected anteriorly to drain the right middle lobe and one posterior to drain the superior portion of the right lower lobe. The average intrapatient variability in PV diameter was 7.9 ± 4.2 mm. The PV ostium was <10 mm in 26 (25%) patients and >25 mm in 15 (14%) patients. The first branch originated 6.7 ± 2.3 mm from the ostium. The left superior, right superior, right inferior, and left inferior PVs were found to enter the left atrium at the following angles: 32 ± 13°, 131 ± 11°, 206 ± 16°, and 329 ± 14°, respectively. Forty-nine patients (47%) had at least one funnel shaped PV. Conclusion: This largest PV imaging study to date demonstrates that MRA is a valuable tool that allows detection of marked intrapatient and interpatient anatomic variability of the PVs. These findings suggest that, at least in some patients, circumferential extra-ostial left atrial encirclement of the PVs may be preferable to ostial PV isolation. These findings also may have significant implications on the future development of coil- and balloon-based catheter ablation designs for AF ablation. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 387-393, April 2004) [source]

Anatomic variability in superficial blood vessel and lymphatic vessel density

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 10 2010
Keith Duffy
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

MRI-based morphometric analysis of typical and atypical brain development

DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 3 2003
David N. Kennedy
Abstract The neuroinformatics landscape in which human brain morphometry occurs has advanced dramatically over the past few years. Rapid advancement in image acquisition methods, image analysis tools and interpretation of morphometric results make the study of in vivo anatomic analysis both challenging and rewarding. This has revolutionized our expectations for current and future diagnostic and investigative work with the developing brain. This paper will briefly cover the methods of morphometric analysis that available for neuroanatomic analysis, and tour some sample results from a prototype retrospective database of neuroanatomic volumetric information. From these observations, issues regarding the anatomic variability of developmental maturation of neuroanatomic structures in both typically and atypically developing populations can be discussed. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:155,160. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Assessment of Pulmonary Vein Anatomic Variability by Magnetic Resonance Imaging:

The bronchial circulation,worth a closer look: A review of the relationship between the bronchial vasculature and airway inflammation

PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
Angela McCullagh MBBS
Abstract Until recently, the bronchial circulation has been relatively ignored in the research and clinical arenas, perhaps because of its small volume and seeming dispensability relative to the pulmonary circulation. Although the bronchial circulation only receives around 1% of the cardiac output in health, it serves functions that are critical to maintaining airway and lung function. The bronchial circulation also plays an important role in many lung and airway diseases; through its ability to increase in size, the bronchial circulation is able to provide lung parenchymal perfusion when the pulmonary circulation is compromised, and more recently the role of the bronchial circulation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway disease has been explored. Due to the anatomic variability and small volume of the bronchial circulation, much of the research to date has necessitated the use of animal models and invasive procedures. More recently, non-invasive techniques for measuring bronchial blood flow in the mucosal microvascular network have been developed and offer a new avenue for the study of this circulation in humans. In conjunction with molecular research, measurement of airway blood flow (Qaw) may help elucidate the role of the bronchial circulation in inflammatory airway disease and become a useful tool for monitoring therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:1,13. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]