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Analogue Study (analogue + study)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Psychology	50%

Selected Abstracts

A 3D HIGH RESOLUTION MODEL OF BOUNDING SURFACES IN AEOLIAN-FLUVIAL DEPOSITS: AN OUTCROP ANALOGUE STUDY FROM THE PERMIAN ROTLIEGEND, NORTHERN GERMANY

JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, Issue 3 2007
C. Fischer
The fluvial-aeolian Rotliegend succession exposed in a quarry near Magdeburg (Flechtinger Höhenzug, Northern Germany) is an analogue for deeply-buried gas-bearing Rotliegend sandstones in the Southern Permian Basin. The spatial configuration of bounding surfaces within this succession was reconstructed with reference to twelve profiles with 926 sample points. Generally sub-horizontal interdune migration surfaces were surveyed, and the areal extent of small-scale superimposition surfaces and the thicknesses of intervening strata were measured. Based on these observations and also on the extent of different lithofacies types and on corresponding porosity and permeability data, a 3D lithofacies model (including bounding surface configurations) incorporating porosity and radial permeability was created using PETRELTÔ software. In the quarry, aeolian sandstones approximately 12 m thick (,, 5-11 vol. %, ,radial, 0.01-10mD) are separated into a number of tabular bed sets by sub-horizontal interdune migration surfaces. The surfaces are often associated with thin pelitic intervals with low permeabilities which originate from deflation and sheet flow events. Aeolian deposits consist mainly of two lithotypes: low-angle cross-bedded, and steeply cross-bedded medium-grained sandstones. Superimposition surfaces occur at the base of the low-angle cross-bedded sandstone bodies. The highest porosities and permeabilities occur within the steeply cross-bedded sandstones, reflecting intense eodiagenetic calcite and quartz cementation with subsequent calcite dissolution. The low-angle cross-bedded sandstones may act as flow baffles. This outcrop-derived, high resolution model may contribute to a better understanding of the subsurface architecture and reservoir properties of aeolian-fluvial successions. Taking into consideration the centimetre- to metre-scaled inhomogeneities observed at outcrop, lithotype modelling with reference to the occurrence of bounding surfaces may help to predict how similar reservoir rocks are partitioned. [source]

Let's find the evidence: an analogue study of confirmation bias in criminal investigations

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND OFFENDER PROFILING, Issue 3 2010
Eric Rassin
Abstract People involved in criminal proceedings (e.g. police officers, district attorneys, judges, and jury members) may run the risk of developing confirmation bias, or tunnel vision. That is, these parties may readily become convinced that the suspect is guilty, and may then no longer be open to alternative scenarios in which the suspect is actually innocent. This may be reflected in a preference for guilt-confirming investigation endeavours, as opposed to investigations that are aimed at confirming, or even excluding, alternative scenarios. In three studies, participants read a case file, and were subsequently instructed to select additional police investigations. Some of these additional endeavours were guilt-confirming (i.e. incriminating), whereas others were disconfirming (i.e. exonerating). Results suggest that additional investigation search was guided by an initial assessment of the suspect's guilt (Study 1). Furthermore, participants' tendency to select incriminating investigations increased with increased crime severity, and with the strength of the evidence present in the case file. Finally, the selection of incriminating investigations was associated with conviction rates (Study 3). However, in general, participants did not favour incriminating endeavours. That is, in the three studies, the percentages of selected incriminating endeavours did hardly or not exceed 50%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Medical diagnostic consultation concerning mental retardation: An analogue study of school psychologists' attitudes

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 3 2010
David L. Wodrich
Recent research of relevance to school psychologists suggests that the cause, or etiology, of mental retardation can be established by medical diagnosticians in approximately one-half of cases. In the current study, 109 practicing school psychologists considered a hypothetical case of an elementary student with mental retardation and indicated their attitudes toward the use of medical consultation. School psychologists were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions defined by the amount of information about medical diagnostic consultations they received: (a) no information, (b) guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) calling for medical consultation in cases of developmental delay, or (c) AAN guidelines plus a concise summary of research on etiology, prevention, and mental retardation. School psychologists with more than 10 years of experience evidenced a more favorable attitude toward medical diagnostic consultation when provided more information, whereas their less experienced colleagues demonstrated no such pattern. This finding, together with others derived from participants' responses, is discussed regarding school psychologists' practice and training. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

Procedural justice in the context of civil commitment: an analogue study,

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW, Issue 6 2000
Michele Cascardi Ph.D.
Procedural justice theory posits that the process by which disputes are resolved influences perceptions of fairness and satisfaction with outcomes, even if the outcomes are unfavorable. Within the context of civil commitment, Tyler (1992) has suggested that enhancing respondents' perceptions of procedural justice (i.e., participation, dignity, and trust) during commitment proceedings might facilitate accommodation to an adverse judicial determination (i.e., commitment) and subsequently enhance therapeutic outcomes. The study reported here used videotapes of mock commitment hearings to examine whether patients committed for involuntary treatment are sensitive to procedural justice manipulations. Results suggest that patients are sensitive to procedural justice manipulations and, further, that such manipulations are likely to influence the patients' attitude toward psychiatric care. These findings suggest that the development of strategies to enhance patients' perceptions of procedural justice in commitment hearings may indeed have positive therapeutic implications and warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]