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Iodine Content (iodine + content)
Selected AbstractsBiofortification of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with iodine: the effect of iodine form and concentration in the nutrient solution on growth, development and iodine uptake of lettuce grown in water cultureJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 5 2010Wim Voogt Abstract BACKGROUND: Iodine is an essential trace element for humans. Two billion individuals have insufficient iodine intake. Biofortification of vegetables with iodine offers an excellent opportunity to increase iodine intake by humans. The main aim was to study the effect of iodine form and concentration in the nutrient solution on growth, development and iodine uptake of lettuce, grown in water culture. RESULTS: In both a winter and summer trial, dose rates of 0, 13, 39, 65, and 90 or 129 µg iodine L,1, applied as iodate (IO3,) or iodide (I,), did not affect plant biomass, produce quality or water uptake. Increases in iodine concentration significantly enhanced iodine content in the plant. Iodine contents in plant tissue were up to five times higher with I, than with IO3,. Iodine was mainly distributed to the outer leaves. The highest iodide dose rates in both trials resulted in 653 and 764 µg iodine kg,1 total leaf fresh weight. CONCLUSION: Biofortification of lettuce with iodine is easily applicable in a hydroponic growing system, both with I, and IO3,. I, was more effective than IO3,. Fifty grams of iodine-biofortified lettuce would provide, respectively, 22% and 25% of the recommended daily allowance of iodine for adolescents and adults. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Determination of intrathyroidal iodine by X-ray fluorescence analysis in 60- to 65-year olds living in an iodine-sufficient areaJOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2006M. MILAKOVIC Abstract. Objectives., X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a non-invasive method for determining the iodine content of the thyroid gland in vivo. In spite of the obvious clinical value of such a method in situations of iodine deficiency or iodine overload, the method has not so far been widely used. The objective was to investigate the applicability of the XRF method in a larger number of subjects. Design and subjects., The study comprised 37 individuals, aged 60,65 years, who had spent their entire life with iodine supplementation through iodinated table salt. Individuals with (previous) thyroid disease were excluded. The individual thyroid function had previously been evaluated by measurements of thyroid-related hormones, thyroid volume and 131-Iodine (131I) uptake which indicated a sufficient iodine intake of the population in the area. Iodine in the right thyroid lobe in each subject was examined using XRF. Results., The mean thyroid iodine concentration was 0.4 mg mL,1, corresponding to a mean total iodine content of 5.2 mg (range 0.9,20.2). There was a pronounced difference between individuals. No correlation was found between iodine concentration and 131I uptake or thyroid volume. Neither was iodine content and 131I uptake correlated. Conclusions., In a population living under iodine-sufficient conditions, a large variation of iodine stored in the thyroid is compatible with euthyroidism. Determination of the iodine pool by XRF investigation is feasible in a clinical setting and the method offers a unique possibility to study the intrathyroidal iodine pool in subjects with thyroid disease. The low radiation dose enables the use of the method in pregnant women and also in young individuals. [source] Biofortification of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with iodine: the effect of iodine form and concentration in the nutrient solution on growth, development and iodine uptake of lettuce grown in water cultureJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 5 2010Wim Voogt Abstract BACKGROUND: Iodine is an essential trace element for humans. Two billion individuals have insufficient iodine intake. Biofortification of vegetables with iodine offers an excellent opportunity to increase iodine intake by humans. The main aim was to study the effect of iodine form and concentration in the nutrient solution on growth, development and iodine uptake of lettuce, grown in water culture. RESULTS: In both a winter and summer trial, dose rates of 0, 13, 39, 65, and 90 or 129 µg iodine L,1, applied as iodate (IO3,) or iodide (I,), did not affect plant biomass, produce quality or water uptake. Increases in iodine concentration significantly enhanced iodine content in the plant. Iodine contents in plant tissue were up to five times higher with I, than with IO3,. Iodine was mainly distributed to the outer leaves. The highest iodide dose rates in both trials resulted in 653 and 764 µg iodine kg,1 total leaf fresh weight. CONCLUSION: Biofortification of lettuce with iodine is easily applicable in a hydroponic growing system, both with I, and IO3,. I, was more effective than IO3,. Fifty grams of iodine-biofortified lettuce would provide, respectively, 22% and 25% of the recommended daily allowance of iodine for adolescents and adults. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Effect of nonionic radiocontrast agents on the occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with mild-moderate chronic renal insufficiency: Pooled analysis of the randomized trialsCATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Issue 3 2005Samin K. Sharma MD Abstract Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The recent literature contains numerous clinical trials with similar design, endpoints, and patient populations, describing the nephrotoxic effects of various contrast agents, which are higher with ionic vs. nonionic contrast agents. The difference in the incidence of CIN with nonionic contrast agents may be due to the number of benzene rings (monomer vs. dimer), iodine content, osmolality, and viscosity of the individual contrast agents. We evaluated the recently published data from clinical studies with nonionic iodinated contrast agents in patients with preexisting chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and report the results of pooled analysis of data from recent prospective independent studies of CIN with various nonionic contrast agents. Review of the recent literature revealed that the CIN incidence varies across the studies reviewed and the contrast agents used. The highest incidence of CIN was observed in studies using iohexol or ioxilan. Results of the pooled analysis of nonionic contrast agents (with more than one randomized study) showed a similar incidence of CIN after iodixanol and iopamidol in patients with preexisting CRI, while both agents showed a significantly lower incidence of CIN compared to iohexol. Since iodixanol is more expensive than iopamidol, this observation may be clinically relevant. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Benzofuran derivatives and the thyroidCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 1 2009T. S. Han Summary Amiodarone and dronedarone are two clinically important benzofuran derivatives. Amiodarone has been used widely for treating resistant tachyarrhythmias in the past three decades. However amiodarone and its main metabolically active metabolite desethylamiodarone can adversely affect many organs, including the thyroid gland. Amiodarone-induced thyroid disorders are common and often present as a management challenge for endocrinologists. The pathogenesis of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction is complex but the inherent effects of the drug itself as well as its high iodine content appear to play a central role. The non-iodinated dronedarone also exhibits anti-arrhythmic properties but appears to be less toxic to the thyroid. This review describes the biochemistry of benzofuran derivatives, including their pharmacology and the physiology necessary for understanding the cellular mechanisms involved in their actions. The known effects of these compounds on thyroid action are described. Recommendations for management of amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are suggested. Dronedarone appears to be an alternative but less-effective anti-arrhythmic agent and it does not have adverse effects on thyroid function. It may have a future role as an alternative agent in patients being considered for amiodarone therapy especially those at high risk of developing thyroid dysfunction but not in severe heart failure. 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