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Ileal Segment (ileal + segment)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Divergence of mucosal and motor effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and LR3IGF-I on rat isolated ileum following abdominal irradiation

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 10 2000
R Fraser
Abstract Background and Aims: In addition to its beneficial effects on small intestinal mucosal development and repair, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I has also been reported to improve neural function in toxic neuropathies. It has recently been recognized that enteric neural abnormalities contribute to the small intestinal dysmotility observed during and after abdominal radiotherapy for gynecological and pelvic malignancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of IGF-I (5 mg/kg per day) and the more potent analog LR3IGF-I (5 mg/kg per day) on neurally mediated ileal dysmotility following irradiation. Methods: Intestinal motor activity was recorded from 6,8 cm segments of explanted rat ileum using a miniaturized manometric technique during arterial perfusion with oxygenated fluorocarbon solution. Studies were performed 4 days after treatment with 10 Gy abdominal irradiation. At the time of irradiation, all rats underwent implantation of an osmotic mini-pump that contained 100 mmol/L acetic acid vehicle (n = 8), IGF-I (n = 8) or LR3IGF-I (n = 7). For each experiment, the total number of pressure waves, high-amplitude long-duration (defined as > 20 mmHg, > 6 s; HALD) pressure waves and long bursts (> 20) of pressure waves were determined. Ileal segments from 12 non-irradiated rats were used as controls for manometric studies. In radiotherapy treated animals, the degree of mucosal damage was determined using a standardized histologic scoring system. Results: The HALD pressure waves were infrequent in non-irradiated rats but occurred in all irradiated animals. Insulin-like growth factor-I and LR3IGF-I had no effect on the frequency, amplitude or migration characteristics of HALD pressure waves compared with vehicle. Histologic damage was reduced in animals that received IGF-I and LR3IGF-I compared with vehicle-treated animals. Conclusions: In radiation enteritis, IGF-I has no effect on neurally mediated small intestinal dysmotility while improving mucosal histology. The disparity between these results suggests that parallel but separate pathologic processes underlie mucosal and motor abnormalities in radiation enteritis. [source]

In vitro determination of active bile acid absorption in small biopsy specimens obtained endoscopically or surgically from the human intestine

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 2 2002
K-A. Ung
Abstract Background In the construction of a Kock reservoir for continent urinary diversion, 70 cm of the distal ileum are used. Impaired absorption of bile acids in these patients might cause diarrhoea. Data on the absorption of bile acids in different parts of the human intestine are limited. Methods Biopsies were taken during endoscopy from the duodenum, the terminal ileum or the right colon, and during surgery 10, 50, 100 and 150 cm proximally to the ileo-caecal valve using standard endoscopy biopsy forceps. The biopsy specimens were incubated in vitro with radio-labelled taurocholic acid at 37 °C for 22 or 45 min The radioactivity was determined using the liquid scintillation technique. Results A linear increase in the uptake was observed, with increased concentrations of taurocholic acid between 100 and 500 µm in all specimens tested, that represented passive uptake or unspecific binding. The active uptake could be calculated from the intercept of the line representing passive uptake with the ordinate. The active uptake in the terminal ileum was 3,4 times greater than 100 cm proximal to the valve. Conclusions The active absorption of bile acids in humans can be determined in small biopsy specimens taken using standard biopsy forceps during endoscopy or surgery. This method is suitable for clinical studies of bile acid absorption. Active uptake of bile acids not only takes place in the very distal part of the ileum but also to a considerable degree 100 cm proximally to the ileo-colonic valve. This should be taken into account when selecting the ileal segment for continent urinary diversion. [source]

Determination of the time required for appropriate chemical de-epithelialization of an ileal segment for cystoplasty: an animal model

BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2005
Jalal Bakhtiari
Another group of authors from Iran attempted experimentally to determine the required time for the appropriate enzymatic treatment of the ideal segment to complete de-epithelialization, thus reducing its absorptive function. They found that 25 min of enzymatic treatment of the ideal segment was adequate for this, and that it was recommended from their experimental study for cystoplasty. OBJECTIVES To determine the time required for the appropriate enzymatic treatment of an ileal segment to de-epithelialize its mucosa and to reduce its absorptive function for cystoplasty in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one adult female Persian mixed-breed dogs were divided into seven equal groups: group 1 (negative control group) had no ileocystoplasty; group 2 (positive control group) had a routine ileocystoplasty with no enzymatic treatment of the ileal segment; and groups 3,7 had an ileocystoplasty with 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 min, respectively, of enzymatic treatment of the ileal segment with collagenase and trypsin. The seven groups were then compared for haematological, biochemical and histological changes, and glucose reabsorption assessed using a glucose-absorption test. RESULTS No dogs showed any signs of metabolic disturbances, biochemical and haematological changes. There were significant differences in blood glucose level (BGL) for the groups at different times after the glucose-absorption test, but a pair-wise comparison showed significant differences in BGL between group 1 and the other groups, except group 7. The degree of histopathological change was associated with the duration of enzymatic treatment, in that changes were more prominent in group 7. There was no shrinkage or collagen deposition. CONCLUSIONS In these conditions, 25 min of enzymatic treatment of the ileal segment is sufficient to remove the absorptive function of the augmented bladder, and is recommended for cystoplasty in dogs. [source]

Tubulovillous adenoma developing after urinary reconstruction using ileal segments

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 8 2006
YUTA YAMADA
Abstract, A case of tubulovillous adenoma arising in an augmented bladder is described. Ureteroileal substitution and ileocystoplasty was performed when the patient was 18 years old. She noticed gross hematuria 44 years after the surgery. Cystoscopy revealed a non-papillary multiple tumor at the site of ileovesical anastomosis and transurethral resection biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a tubulovillous adenoma. A tubulovillous adenoma developing at the augmented bladder is rare. To our knowledge, this is the second case in which a tubulovillous adenoma developed in an augmented bladder. [source]