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I.e. Age (i.e + age)
Selected AbstractsA framework for incorporating climate regime shifts into the management of marine resourcesFISHERIES MANAGEMENT & ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2006J. R. KING Abstract, It is possible to use an ecosystem-based management approach to incorporate knowledge of climate regime impacts on ecosystem productivity to manage fishery resources. To do so, it requires the development of a coherent framework that can be built using existing stock assessment and management activities: ecosystem assessment, risk analyses, adaptive management and reference points. This paper builds such a framework and uses two population simulations to illustrate the benefits and tradeoffs of variable regime-specific harvest rates. The framework does not require prediction of regime shifts, but assumes that detection can occur soon after one has happened. As such, decisions do not need to be coincident to regime shifts, but can be delayed by an appropriate period of time that is linked to a species' life history, i.e. age of maturity or recruitment. Fisheries scientists should provide harvest recommendations that reflect a range of levels of risk to the stock under different assumptions of productivity. Coupling ecosystem assessment with ecosystem-based management would allow managers to select appropriate regime-specific harvest rates. [source] Long-term results of Burch colposuspensionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 4 2000Haluk Akpinar Abstract Background: We aimed to determine the long-term results of Burch colposuspension. Methods: Patients who had undergone Burch colposuspension due to stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in our department between 1991 and 1995 were asked to participate in the study by telephone or mail. Fifty of 78 patients (64%) responded and these formed the study group. Patients were evaluated by a detailed questionnaire, pelvic examination, uroflowmetry and postvoid residual urine determination. Provocative stress test and urodynamic evaluations were performed in those who claimed leakage. Additionally, follow-up charts were retrospectively reviewed from the patients' files. Results: Mean follow-up time was 50.6 months. The subjective cure rate was 52% and the surgical success rate was 84%. The patient satisfaction rate in terms of incontinence was 86%. No correlation was found between pre-operative patient characteristics (i.e. age, number of vaginal deliveries and pregnancies, menopause, previous anti-incontinence surgery and presence of detrusor instability) and outcome of surgery. Although no patient was performing clean intermittent catheterization in the long term, two patients had significant residual urine and obstructive flows. Three patients had severe pelvic prolapse that required surgical correction. Conclusions: Our results indicate that Burch colposuspension operation is an effective and durable choice of treatment with low complication rates for the treatment of SUI. [source] The presence of prostate cancer on saturation biopsy can be accurately predictedBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2010Sascha A. Ahyai Study Type , Diagnostic (non-consecutive) Level of Evidence 3b OBJECTIVE To improve the ability of our previously reported saturation biopsy nomogram quantifying the risk of prostate cancer, as the use of office-based saturation biopsy has increased. PATIENTS AND METHODS Saturation biopsies of 540 men with one or more previously negative 6,12 core biopsies were used to develop a multivariable logistic regression model-based nomogram, predicting the probability of prostate cancer. Candidate predictors were used in their original or stratified format, and consisted of age, total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, percentage free PSA (%fPSA), gland volume, findings on a digital rectal examination, cumulative number of previous biopsy sessions, presence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on any previous biopsy, and presence of atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) on any previous biopsy. Two hundred bootstraps re-samples were used to adjust for overfit bias. RESULTS Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 39.4% of saturation biopsies. Age, total PSA, %fPSA, gland volume, number of previous biopsies, and presence of ASAP at any previous biopsy were independent predictors for prostate cancer (all P < 0.05). The nomogram was 77.2% accurate and had a virtually perfect correlation between predicted and observed rates of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS We improved the accuracy of the saturation biopsy nomogram from 72% to 77%; it relies on three previously included variables, i.e. age, %fPSA and prostate volume, and on three previously excluded variables, i.e. PSA, the number of previous biopsy sessions, and evidence of ASAP on previous biopsy. Our study represents the largest series of saturation biopsies to date. [source] Body composition in full-term healthy infants measured with air displacement plethysmography at 1 and 12 weeks of ageACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2010Britt Eriksson Abstract Aim:, To use Pea Pod, a device based on air displacement plethysmography, to study body composition of healthy, full-term infants born to well-nourished women with a western life-style. Methods:, Body composition was assessed in 53 girls and 55 boys at 1 week (before 10 days of age) and at 12 weeks (between 77 and 91 days of age). Results:, At 1 week girls contained 13.4 ± 3.7% body fat and boys 12.5 ± 4.0%. At 12 weeks, these figures were 26.3 ± 4.2% (girls) and 26.4 ± 5.1% (boys). Body fat (%) did not differ significantly between the genders. Body fat (%) at the two measurements was not correlated. At 1 week, the weight (r = 0.20, p = 0.044) and BMI (r = 0.26, p = 0.007) of the infants, but not their body fat (g, %) or fat free mass (g), correlated with BMI before pregnancy in their mothers. Conclusions:, Pea Pod has potential for use in studies investigating the effect of external (i.e. nutritional status) and internal (i.e. age, gender, gestational age at birth) factors on infant body composition. This may be of value when studying relationships between the nutritional situation during early life and adult health. [source] | ||||||||||