Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Ideology
Kinds of Ideology Selected AbstractsGOVERNMENTALITY, LANGUAGE IDEOLOGY, AND THE PRODUCTION OF NEEDS IN MALAGASY CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENTCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2007PAUL W. HANSON Integrated conservation and development program planning pivots on a critical exchange. In establishing protected areas, part of the subsistence base of resident people is enclosed. Residents are then offered assistance in meeting needs emerging from the enclosure. The elicitation and interpretation of need in such programs forms a technology of governance. This article analyzes differing linguistic ideologies underpinning needs production in Madagascar's Ranomafana National Park Project, arguing that the technology of needs production is part of a green neoliberal rationality through which the Malagasy state and its citizens are being transformed, and from which an increasingly sophisticated countergovernmentality grows. [source] FLORENTINE CIVIC HUMANISM AND THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN IDEOLOGYHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 3 2007HANAN YORAN ABSTRACT This article revisits the question of the modernity of the Renaissance by examining the political language of Florentine civic humanism and by critically analyzing the debate over Hans Baron's interpretation of the movement. It engages two debates that are usually conducted separately: one concerning the originality of civic humanism in comparison to medieval thought, and the other concerning the political and social function of the civic humanists' political republicanism in fifteenth-century Florence. The article's main contention is that humanist political discourse rejected the perception of social and political reality as being part of, or reflecting, a metaphysical and divine order or things, and thus undermined the traditional justifications for political hierarchies and power relations. This created the conditions of possibility for the distinctively modern aspiration for a social and political order based on liberty and equality. It also resulted in the birth of a distinctively modern form of ideology, one that legitimizes the social order by disguising its inequalities and structures of domination. Humanism, like modern political thought generally, thus simultaneously constructs and reflects the dialectic of emancipation and domination so central to modernity itself. [source] Ideologies of Motherhood in European Community Sex Equality LawEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 1 2000Clare McGlynn This article argues that, in a series of cases from Hofmann in the mid-1980s to Hill and Stapleton in 1998, the Court of Justice has reproduced, and thereby legitimated, a traditional vision of motherhood and the role of women in the family, and in society generally. This vision, characterised as the ,dominant ideology of motherhood', limits the potential of the Community's sex equality legislation to bring about real improvements in the lives of women. Accordingly, far from alleviating discrimination against women, the Court's jurisprudence is reinforcing traditional assumptions which inhibit women's progress. It is argued that the Court should reject the dominant ideology of motherhood and utilise its interpretative space to pursue a more progressive and liberating rendering of women and men's relationships and obligations to each other and their children. [source] How Zaynab Became the First Arabic NovelHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2009Elliott Colla This paper is part of a History Compass conference cluster tracing the formation of national culture in Egypt. Guest edited by Walter Armbrust, this cluster of articles was originally part of a conference in Oxford on January 12,13, 2007, organized by Walter Armbrust, Ronald Nettler, and Lucie Ryzova, and funded by the Middle East Centre (St. Antony's), The Faculty of Oriental Studies, The Khalid bin ,Abdullah Al-Sa'ud Professorship (Professor Clive Holes), and The Centre for Political Ideologies. The cluster is made up of the following articles: Guest Editor: Walter Armbrust ,The Formation of National Culture in Egypt in the Interwar Period: Cultural Trajectories', Walter Armbrust, History Compass 6 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00571.x,Repackaging the Egyptian Monarchy: Faruq in the Public Spotlight, 1936,1939', Matthew Ellis, History Compass 6 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00572.x,How Zaynab Became the First Arabic Novel', Elliott Colla, History Compass 6 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00573.x,Women in the Singing Business, Women in Songs', Frédéric Lagrange, History Compass 6 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00574.x,Long Live Patriarchy: Love in the Time of ,Abd al-Wahhab', Walter Armbrust, History Compass 6 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00575.x,Football as National Allegory: Al-Ahram and the Olympics in 1920s Egypt', Shaun Lopez, History Compass 6 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00576.x,The Professional Worldview of the Effendi Historian', Yoav Di-Capua, History Compass 6 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00577.x Despite a long-standing critical consensus that Muhammad Husayn Haykal's 1914 novel Zaynab was the first ,mature' Arabic novel, there is much evidence to the contrary. First, in terms of genre, Zaynab was not the first book calling itself by the term that later critics would call ,novel'; second, in terms of the bibliographic record, it was not a unique book on the cultural market in 1914; third, in terms of literary style, it was not at the time a particularly unique formal or thematic experiment in prose fiction; and finally, in terms of reception, it was not recognized as significant even by the small market segment and cultural field in which it initially appeared. This article revisits this critical debate and suggests that the canonization of Zaynab as the first Arabic novel cannot be explained by the work itself, but rather by subsequent developments , most especially, in the film adaptations of the novel and in the nationalization of university curricula during the Nasserist period. [source] Introduction: Mestizaje, Mulataje, Mestiçagem in Latin American Ideologies of National IdentitiesJOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN & CARIBBEAN ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Jean Muteba RahierArticle first published online: 28 JUN 200 [source] Voices of Modernity: Language Ideologies and the Politics of InequalityJOURNAL OF LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Lisa Philips [source] Paternal Involvement with Children: The Influence of Gender IdeologiesJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 1 2004Ronald E. Bulanda Although prior social science research has established the ability of gender ideologies to influence the domestic division of labor, it has neglected to disentangle their potentially unique influence on paternal involvement with children. Past research examining the influence of gender ideology on parenting behaviors does not acknowledge potential differences that may result from accounting for each parent's gender ideology. Using both waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (N = 1,088), I assess the effect of both mother's and father's gender ideology on two measures of paternal involvement. Whereas egalitarian fathers demonstrate greater involvement than traditional fathers, mother's gender ideology failed to predict paternal involvement. Egalitarian mothers do not appear to negotiate greater father involvement successfully. [source] Consequences of Contact: Language Ideologies and Sociocultural Transformations in Pacific Societies edited by Miki Makihara and Bambi B. SchieffelinAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 4 2009PAUL V. KROSKRITY No abstract is available for this article. [source] Mortgaging the Ancestors: Ideologies of Attachment in Africa by Parker ShiptonAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 3 2010BILL MAURER No abstract is available for this article. [source] "Quit Talking and Learn English!": Conflicting Language Ideologies in an ESL ClassroomANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2003Assistant Professor Warren OlivoArticle first published online: 8 JAN 200 This article addresses the relationship between educational theory,as manifested in particular ideologies of teaching and learning,and classroom practice. Based on an ethnographic study of English-as-a-second-language (ESL) learning at a Canadian senior public school, I outline a conflict between two language ideologies that give shape to, and are shaped by, the classroom practices of the ESL teacher, his assistants, and the students. I discuss the implications of this ideological conflict in terms of the opportunities ESL students are given, and that they create for themselves, to practice speaking English. I end by outlining how these findings can be used to shape educational policy as it relates to ESL classroom curricula in order to create a more equitable learning environment for ESL students. [source] How to Think about Fascism and its IdeologyCONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 3 2008Zeev Sternhell First page of article [source] Resurrecting the Rationality of Ideology Critique: Reflections on Laclau on IdeologyCONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 1 2006Maeve Cooke First page of article [source] From Critical Social Theory to a Social Theory of Critique: On the Critique of Ideology after the Pragmatic TurnCONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 1 2006Robin CelikatesArticle first published online: 8 MAR 200 First page of article [source] A Modern Critique of Modernism: Lukács, Greenberg, and IdeologyCONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 2 2000Tom Huhn First page of article [source] Critical Thoughts on Teaching Standard EnglishCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 2 2000Barbara L. Speicher This article exposes four assumptions that underlie most discussions of Standard English. First, spoken English equates to written English. Substantial evidence demonstrates that this equation is both misleading and false. Second, spoken and written English are equally amenable to standardization. This is also fallacious. We will use Prototype Theory (Rosch et al., 1976) and Standard Ideology (Milroy and Milroy, 1991) to explore how broadly shared notions about standard language have led to this belief. Third, Standard English is the language of the workplace and essential for social mobility. While we do not refute this assumption, we do explore the discrimination that stems from it. Fourth, Standard English is the language of the classroom. This assumption has never been systematically tested in the literature by examining the language that teachers use. Nor is it clear that teachers believe they do or should impose an idealized spoken form on their students. [source] Empowering Pyromaniacs in Madagascar: Ideology and Legitimacy in Community-Based Natural Resource ManagementDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 1 2002Christian A. Kull Development practitioners frequently rely on community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) as an approach to encourage equitable and sustainable environmental resource use. Based on an analysis of the case of grassland and woodland burning in highland Madagascar, this article argues that the success of CBNRM depends upon the real empowerment of local resource users and attention to legitimacy in local institutions. Two key factors , obstructive environmental ideologies (,received wisdoms') and the complex political and social arena of ,community' governance , challenge empowerment and legitimacy and can transform outcomes. In Madagascar, persistent hesitancy among leaders over the legitimate role of fire has sidetracked a new CBNRM policy called GELOSE away from one of its original purposes , community fire management , towards other applications, such as community management of forest exploitation. In addition, complications with local governance frustrate implementation efforts. As a result, a century-long political stalemate over fire continues. [source] Ideology,Driven opinion formation in Europe: The case of attitudes towards the third sector in SwedenEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2001STAFFAN KUMLIN This paper uses attitudes towards the third sector in Sweden to test general assumptions about how citizens in West European political systems apply ideological schemas as shortcuts to political preferences. Attitudes towards the third sector are found to be affected by all ideological schemas reflected in the Swedish party system (state,market, Christian traditionalism, and growth,ecology). Contrary to what is implied by findings from America, these effects are very stable across socio,economic groups (especially those of the dominant statemarket schema). Similarly, no interaction effects of political sophistication could be traced, and the relative impact of the schemas remains the same regardless of whether or not the third sector is presented as an alternative to the welfare state. The implications of these findings for the nature of public opinion formation in ideologically clear and structured political systems are discussed. [source] Routes to party choice: Ideology, economic evaluations and voting at the 1997 British General ElectionEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2001C.J. PATTIE Most conventional accounts of voting behaviour fit single models to the entire electorate, implicitly assuming that all voters respond to the same sets of influences, and do so in similar ways. However, a growing body of research suggests that this approach may be misleading, and that distinct groups of voters approach politics, and the electoral decision, from different perspectives. The paper takes a disaggregated look at voting in the 1997 British General Election, dividing voters into different groups according to their formal educational qualifications. Results suggest that different groups of voters respond to different stimuli, depending on their education, and on the party they are voting for. [source] Adoption, Family Ideology, and Social Stigma: Bias in Community Attitudes, Adoption Research, and PracticeFAMILY RELATIONS, Issue 4 2000Katarina Wegar This article explores the impact of the dominant North American genetic family ideal on community attitudes toward adoption, on adoption research, and on the beliefs and attitudes of adoption case workers. It examines how the failure to recognize the stigmatized social position of adoptive families has shaped not only current public opinion about adoption, but adoption research and practice as well. In conclusion, the article offers suggestions for erasing negative bias from adoption research and practice. [source] Ideology, Power Orientation and Policy Drag: Explaining the Elite Politics of Britain's Bill of Rights DebateGOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 1 2009David Erdos This article argues that three factors have framed elite political debate and outcomes on a Bill of Rights in Britain , the degree of commitment to an ideology of social liberalism, the executive/non-executive power orientation of key actors and the phenomenon of policy drag. These factors explain not only the overall historical contours of political debate but also (1) Labour's ,aversive' conversion to the Bill of Rights agenda and passage of the Human Rights Act (1998); and (2) the Conservatives' more positive recent attitude to the Bill of Rights agenda. [source] Religious Ideology and Cultural Fantasy: Catholic and Anti-Catholic Discourses in Early Modern England By Arthur F. MarottiHISTORY, Issue 303 2006ANNE DILLON No abstract is available for this article. [source] Ideology, Semiotics, and Clifford Geertz: Some Russian ReflectionsHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 1 2001Andrey Zorin This article, written by a Russian cultural historian, analyzes the concept of "ideology" in the work of Clifford Geertz and his role in understanding the figurative nature of ideology as a cultural system. The author compares Geertz's semiotic approach to culture with the semiotics of culture developed by Russian theorists, particularly Yuri Lotman, showing the convergence and divergence of the two different national traditions. This understanding of the nature and functions of ideology opens new possibilities for discussing the tortured relations of ideology and literature, showing the way fiction can affect the formation of ideological systems and influence practical politics. The analysis is illustrated by examples from Russian political life of the 1990s,when revolutionary changes demanded new sets of ideological metaphors that in their turn shaped the direction of events. [source] On Models and Mickey MouseINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ART & DESIGN EDUCATION, Issue 2 2005Deanna Petherbridge The re-issue of a nineteenth-century French Drawing Course is the occasion for an examination of issues of ,models of good practice' in current art teaching. These are listed as an expanded set of student-centred pedagogical paradigms, which embrace the forceful popular imagery of electronic games and comic strips. The formalist adaptations of comic-strip imagery by artists in the 1970s which challenged traditional divisions between high and popular art, are contrasted with the scathing Marxist analysis by Dorfman and Matterlart, Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic, which still has political resonance. The darkly ambivalent, if much theorised, appropriations of popular imagery by contemporary artists Pettibon and Murakami are adduced as part of an on-going problematic, where ideological readings are glossed over for fear of jeopardising the liberal consensus in art and education. [source] The Dilemma of "Authentic Self" Ideology in Contemporary JapanINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Michiko Maekawa This paper examines dilemmas inherent in the pursuit of the modern ideology of "authentic self", which first emerged in the 1960s and is now widespread in contemporary cultures. The ideology is exemplified, in a religious scene, as "self-transformative" religions wherein seekers seek to transform themselves spiritually in order to realize their authentic, or "sacred" selves. Through an examination of Aum Shinrikyo, which began as a typical "self-transformative" religion but later transformed into a destructive cult, I will explain the intrinsic moral imperatives of the ideology of "authenticity". This study of Aum explores the introverted lifestyle and extreme desocialization, which resulted in obsession with the central guru, being legitimated by the ideology. This search for "authenticity" resulted in the members cutting themselves off from the reality of the world. The final analysis suggests that possible consequences of the endless pursuit of the "authentic self" are a "vacuum" self and a loss of empathy with other people. The ontological conditions created by this bring about potential destructiveness, either internal or external. [source] The Trickle-down Effect: Ideology and the Development of Premium Water Networks in China's CitiesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2007ALANA BOLAND This article examines the relationship between networked infrastructure and uneven development in transitional cities through a study of premium water networks in China. Beginning in the mid-1990s, select buildings and housing enclaves began to bypass municipal tap water supply systems through the construction of small-scale secondary pipe networks for purified drinking water. I focus on the early development of these premium water networks to highlight the ideological interplay between a new more market-based approach to networked supply and the existing model characterized by relatively universal and uniform access within cities. I illustrate how this dual water supply model was well suited to the ideological conditions and contradictions associated with China's economic liberalization in the 1990s. While the emergence of premium water networks can be linked to ascendant forms of market reasoning in the environmental and social spheres, I also argue that they were enabled by unresolved ideological tensions associated with China's transitional program. Rather than providing a basis for resistance in the early development of premium water supply, the socialist legacy in urban water supply left its mark more in the noticeable absence of debate regarding the distributional outcomes. By examining premium water networks in relation to the politics of ideology in China's transitional period, my analysis highlights the complex and sometimes unexpected ways that ideologies can influence the development of new infrastructural spaces and processes of splintering urbanism. [source] US Ideology and the War in IraqINTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 1 2005François Debrix No abstract is available for this article. [source] English Political Sermons 1714,1742: A Case Study in the Theory of the ,Divine Right of Governors' and the Ideology of OrderJOURNAL FOR EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES, Issue 1 2001GERD MISCHLER First page of article [source] Partisanship, Ideology, and Senate Voting on Supreme Court NomineesJOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 1 2008Charles R. Shipan Ideological concerns play a major role in determining whether a senator will vote to confirm or reject a Supreme Court nominee. Much less is understood, however, about the effects of partisanship on confirmation votes. This study investigates two aspects of partisanship: first, whether confirmation voting has become more partisan over time, even when controlling for other factors, including ideology; and second, whether partisanship modifies the influence of ideology. The results demonstrate that partisanship has played an increasing role over time and that the effects of ideology are contingent on partisanship. [source] Activism, Ideology, and Federalism: Judicial Behavior in Constitutional Challenges Before the Rehnquist Court, 1986,2000JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 2 2006Rorie Spill Solberg In this study, we evaluate the individual voting behavior of the justices on the Rehnquist Court in cases raising constitutional challenges to federal, state, and local legislation. Using activism, federalism, and ideology as our guiding principles, we evaluate the extent to which the justices' voting behavior is consistent with the conventional wisdom that conservatives are more restraintist and more likely to protect states' rights in conformity with Chief Justice Rehnquist's focus on federalism. Although we find that there is some correlation between judicial ideology and activism, with liberals more activist than conservatives in general, we also find that the conservative wing of the Rehnquist Court is also largely guided by its own ideological reaction to the substantive policy embodied in the laws at issue. Thus, conservative justices as well as liberals are likely to strike down state laws when those laws fail to conform to the ideological preferences. This result underscores the importance of the attitudinal model of judicial behavior as an explanation of voting patterns on the Court, regardless of the justices' rhetoric in favor of judicial restraint or states' rights. [source] Ideology, Context, and Obligations to Assist Older PersonsJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 4 2002Timothy Killian Are older adults responsible for meeting their own needs, is it their children's obligation to care for them, or is there a collective responsibility to see that older adults have their needs met? The purpose of this study was to examine the normative obligations of individuals, family members, and the government to provide for the needs of older adults. The authors examined how ideological beliefs and contextual circumstances are related to beliefs about obligations to older persons. Data were collected from phone interviews of a sample of 270 adults who were over 40 years old. The results indicate that ideological beliefs were better predictors of normative obligations than were contextual variables. Future research should reflect the complex relationships among ideological beliefs, contextual circumstances, and normative obligation beliefs. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||