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I Children (i + child)
Selected AbstractsSchool,Based Early Intervention and Later Child Maltreatment in the Chicago Longitudinal StudyCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2003Arthur J. Reynolds Investigated were the effects of participation in the Title I Child,Parent Centers (CPC) on substantiated reports of child maltreatment for 1,408 children (93% of whom are African American) in the Chicago Longitudinal Study. The CPCs provide child education and family support services in high,poverty areas. After adjusting for preprogram maltreatment and background factors, 913 preschool participants had significantly lower rates of court petitions of maltreatment by age 17 than 495 children of the same age who participated in alternative kindergarten interventions (5.0% vs. 10.5%, a 52% reduction). Participation for 4 to 6 years was significantly associated with lower rates of maltreatment (3.6% vs. 6.9%, a 33% reduction). Findings based on child protective service records (as well as combined protective service and court records) were similar. Preschool length, family risk, and school poverty were associated with lower rates of maltreatment. Parental involvement in school and school mobility were significant mediators of intervention effects. [source] Cows milk consumption in constipation and anal fissure in infants and young childrenJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 5 2003F And Objective: To examine daily cows milk consumption and duration of breastfeeding in infants and young children with anal fissure and constipation. Methods: Two groups of 30 consecutive children aged between 4 months and 3 years were evaluated retrospectively. Group I comprised children with chronic constipation and anal fissure in whom surgical causes were excluded, and group II comprised normal children. The daily consumption of cows milk, duration of breastfeeding and other clinical features of the children were investigated Results: The mean daily consumption of cows milk was significantly higher in group I (756 mL, range 200,1500 mL) than group II (253 mL, range 0,1000 mL) (P < 0.001). Group I children were breastfed for a significantly shorter period (5.8 months, range 0,18 months) than group II (10.1 months, range 2,24 months) (P < 0.006). The odds ratios for the two factors , children consuming more than 200 mL of cows milk per day (25 children in group I, 11 children in group II) and breastfeeding for less than 4 months (16 children in group I, 5 children in group II) , were calculated to be 8.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23,0.74, P = 0.0005) and 5.7 (95% CI: 0.37,0.66, P = 0.007), respectively. Conclusions: Infants and young children with chronic constipation and anal fissure may consume larger amounts of cows milk than children with a normal bowel habit. Additionally, shorter duration of breastfeeding and early bottle feeding with cows milk may play a role in the development of constipation and anal fissure in infants and young children. [source] The efficacy of computer-based supplementary phonics programs for advancing reading skills in at-risk elementary studentsJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN READING, Issue 2 2006Paul Macaruso In this study we examined the benefits of computer programs designed to supplement regular reading instruction in an urban public school system. The programs provide systematic exercises for mastering word-attack strategies. Our findings indicate that first graders who participated in the programs made significant reading gains over the school year. Their post-test scores were slightly (but not significantly) greater than the post-test scores of control children who received regular reading instruction without the programs. When analyses were restricted to low-performing children eligible for Title I services, significantly higher post-test scores were obtained by the treatment group compared to the control group. At post-test Title I children in the treatment group performed at levels similar to non-Title I students. [source] Coloured overlays and their benefit for readingJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN READING, Issue 1 2001Arnold Wilkins Children in mainstream schools compared text on white paper with identical text covered in turn by each of ten differently-coloured plastic overlays. More than 50% reported improved perception with one or more colours, and were given the best colour to use. About half used the overlays for more than three months and their reading speed increased when the overlays were used. In Study I children were examined twice using different methods and examiners. 47% chose the same colour on both occasions, and showed the greatest improvement in reading fluency, reliable at retest. In Study II children were issued with a random colour, and the greatest improvements in reading speed occurred when the random colour was the same as that previously chosen. Phonological reading strategies were not related to visual symptoms, or the benefit from overlays. Across individuals, reading speed varied by a factor of more than three, for good and poor readers. Study III provided estimates of the prevalence of improvements based on a sample of 426 children from 12 schools: 5% of children read more than 25% faster with a coloured overlay. [source] Inhaled corticosteroids during and after respiratory syncytial virus-bronchiolitis may decrease subsequent asthmaPEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 3 2000Merja Kajosaari Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infancy can lead to bronchial hyper-reactivity or recurrent obstructive bronchitis. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the type of treatment has an influence on respiratory status after RSV bronchiolitis. The study involved 117 infants (mean age 2.6 months), who needed hospital treatment because of RSV bronchiolitis. The patients were divided randomly into three groups. All received the same symptomatic treatment. Group I children received symptomatic treatment only, group II children were treated for 7 days with inhaled budesonide, 500 µg three times per day, administered via a nebulizer. Group III children received nebulized budesonide, 500 µg twice per day for two months. Follow-up consisted of out-patient check-ups 2 and 6 months after the infection, and telephone contact two years after the infection. Statistically significant differences were seen between the groups. In group I 37% of the children had asthma, in group II 18%, and in group III 12%. According to the present study it seems that inhaled corticosteroid treatment during and after the acute phase of infant RSV bronchiolitis may have a beneficial effect on subsequent bronchial wheezing tendency. [source] The value of postoperative radiotherapy in childhood nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma,PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 5 2004Arnold C. Paulino MD Abstract Objective To determine the value of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in the management of nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) of childhood. Procedure From 1964 to 2000, 62 children with a median age of 14 years were seen at the University of Iowa and underwent a wide local excision for non-metastatic NRSTS. Tumors were high grade in 36 (58%) and >5 cm in 24 (39%). Margins of resection were negative (Group I) in 37 (60%) and positive (Group II) in 25 (40%). Postoperative RT was delivered to 20 patients (32%); eight of 37 (22%) Group I and 12 of 25 (48%) Group II children received postoperative RT. Chemotherapy was employed in 19 patients (31%). Median follow-up was 9.6 years. Results The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates for Group I were 69 and 63% and for Group II were 66 and 60%. The 5- and 10-year local control rate was 66%. On multivariate analysis, size of tumor (P,<,0.001) and postoperative RT (P,=,0.017) were prognostic factors for local control. All 13 Group I children with low grade, ,5 cm tumors were locally controlled without RT. For Group II patients, 2- and 5-year local control rates were 92 and 82% with postoperative RT and 51 and 43% for no RT (P,=,0.0426). Conclusions Local control was improved by the addition of postoperative RT in tumors with positive margins of resection. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||