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Hypothetical Vignettes (hypothetical + vignette)
Selected AbstractsCultural factors in help-seeking for child behavior problems: Value orientation, affective responding, and severity appraisals among Chinese-American parentsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Anna Lau This study explored the relationships between cultural values, appraisal of child behavior problems, and associated help-seeking intentions among Chinese-American parents. Questionnaires were administered to 120 Chinese-American parents of elementary-school-aged children. Parents were asked how they might respond if their child displayed the behavioral problems depicted in a hypothetical vignette. Influences of Chinese value orientation, severity appraisal, and affective reactions on help-seeking intentions were examined using regression analyses and structural equation modeling. The study examined three hypotheses regarding the nature of the influence of cultural value orientation on help-seeking intentions: (a) a direct effect model, (b) an indirect effect through cultural differences in severity appraisal, and (c) an indirect effect through cultural differences in affective responding. Results supported the hypothesis that cultural value orientation exerted an indirect effect on help-seeking intentions through its influence on affective responding. Those parents who had more traditional Chinese values responded with more feelings of shame to child behavior problems and, in turn, reported lower intentions to seek help. Findings are discussed with reference to the literature on help-seeking among Asian Americans. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] The influence of Patient Age and Alcohol-Relevant Laboratory Values on Physicians' Diagnoses of AlcoholismJOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2004Allison Paganelli This study investigated factors that contribute to physicians' diagnoses and ratings of prognosis when reviewing vignettes of hypothetical cases constructed to reflect alcohol dependence. Forty-nine medical residents who read the vignettes were asked to list three probable diagnoses and a prognosis. Patient descriptions in the hypothetical vignettes were identical except for age (35 years vs. 70 years) and inclusion of alcohol-relevant lab values (present vs. absent). Results indicated that the younger patient described in the vignettes was diagnosed with alcoholism more often than was the older patient. The presence of alcohol-relevant lab values was unrelated to a diagnosis of alcoholism. Prognosis, which was on average rated as fair for most patients, was unrelated to the age of the patient. [source] Adolescents' and Mothers' Understanding of Children's Rights in the HomeJOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 3 2002Martin D. Ruck Adolescents' and mothers' understanding of children's self-determination and nurturance rights was examined in the context of the home. In individual interviews, 141 sixth, eighth, and tenth graders and their mothers responded to hypothetical vignettes in which a child story character wished to exercise a right that conflicted with parental practices. For each vignette, participants were asked to judge whether the story character should have the right in question and to provide a justification for their decision. Generally, eighth and tenth graders were more likely than their mothers to endorse requests for self-determination and less likely than their mothers to support requests for nurturance. Mothers of tenth graders were more likely to support requests for self-determination and less likely to favor adolescents' request for nurturance in the home than were mothers of sixth and eighth graders. In terms of reasoning, adolescents and mothers were more likely to consider the individuals' rights when discussing self-determination situations, whereas nurturance situations elicited responses pertaining to participants' understanding of familial roles and relationships. Furthermore, mothers' reasoning about childrenÃ,s rights reflected sensitivity to the developmental level of their children. The findings are discussed in terms of previous research on the development of children's understanding of rights and adolescent autonomy. [source] Affect-Congruent Social-Cognitive Evaluations and BehaviorsCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2008Kätlin Peets This study examined whether the affect children feel toward peers would influence children's social-cognitive evaluations and behaviors. The sample consisted of 209 fifth-grade children (11- to 12-year-olds; 119 boys and 90 girls). For each child, 3 target peers (liked, disliked, and neutral) were identified via a sociometric nomination procedure. The names of the targets were then inserted into hypothetical vignettes in which the target peer's behavior had a negative consequence for the child. After each vignette, questions about intent, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy beliefs were asked. In addition, self-reports regarding relationship-specific proactive and reactive aggression and regarding victimization were collected. The results demonstrate that children social-cognitively differentiate between the relationship types and that relationship-specific evaluations are associated with relationship-specific behaviors. [source] | ||||||||||