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Hydrodistillation
Selected AbstractsHydrodistillation of caraway by direct induction heating assisted by a magnetic field processFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007L. Lagunez Rivera Abstract This paper presents the development of a new method of hydrodistillation of the essential oil of caraway (Carum carvi L.) by direct induction heating assisted by magnetic field (DIHMF) and the development of the required apparatus. Water and food salt (99.8% sodium chloride) were used as electrolyte solutions and at the same time as an extractant solution. The method was tested on caraway fruits as a source of carvone and limonene as the main components. The essential oil of this fruit was also isolated by conventional hydrodistillation as a standard method on both laboratory and pilot scale. The isolated volatile products obtained by the two methods were analysed using gas chromatography (GC). The obtained results were then compared. Even though DIHMF hydrodistillation ensures the isolation of the essential oils as well as conventional hydrodistillation, the time required to obtain the isolated products is remarkably shorter. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Representativeness of Apple Aroma Extract Obtained by Vacuum Hydrodistillation: Comparison of Two Concentration TechniquesJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 8 2003E. Mehinagic ABSTRACT: Vacuum hydrodistillation, which is a very gentle work-up procedure, has never been used for the extraction of apple aroma. During the concentration of aroma that follows vacuum hydrodistillation, some very volatile components can be lost. The aim of this study was to compare 2 different concentration techniques, liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction, to obtain an apple aroma extract as close as possible to fresh apple. After the elimination of solvent from the extract by gas chromatography, the study of the odor characteristics of solvent-free extracts was made possible. Vacuum hydrodistillation was convenient for fresh apples. [source] Variation in Volatile Leaf Oils of Twelve Eucalyptus Species Harvested from Hajeb Layoun Arboreta (Tunisia)CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 3 2010Ameur Elaissi Abstract Hydrodistillation of the dried leaves of twelve species of the genus Eucalyptus L',Hér., i.e., E. brockwayi C.,A. Gardn., E. gracilis F. Muell., E. gilliiMaiden, E. largiflorens F. Muell., E. loxophlebaBenth., E. occidentalisEndl., E. oldfieldii F. Muell., E. salmonophloia F. Muell., E. sargentiiMaiden, E. stricklandiiMaiden, E. torquataLuehm., and E. woodwardiiMaiden, harvested from Hajeb Layoun arboreta (region of Kairouan, central Tunisia) in January 2005, afforded essential oils in yields varying from 0.5±0.1 to 5.7±0.5%, dependent on the species. E. sargentii and E. brockwayi provided the highest and the lowest percentage of essential oil amongst all the species examined, respectively. Analysis by GC (RI) and GC/MS allowed the identification of 133,components, representing 92.9,98.8% of the total oil. The contents of the different samples varied according to the species. The main components were 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, , -pinene (2), p -cymene, aromadendrene (1), globulol (5), trans -pinocarveol (6), spathulenol (7), , -eudesmol, torquatone (3), and 4-methylpentan-2-yl acetate (8). The principal component analysis and the hierarchical clustering indicated that the volatile leaf oil composition of the twelve Eucalyptus species could be clearly differentiated. [source] Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of volatiles from Satureja fruticosa BéguinotFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2007J. A. Coelho Abstract Dried flowers and leaves of Satureja fruticosa Béguinot were submitted to supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE), followed by a two-stage fractional separation. The extraction was carried out at 40 °C in a flow apparatus, provided with a 1 l extraction vessel and two separators of 0.27 l each. Conditions of extraction, such as pressure, particle size of plant material and CO2 flow rate, were studied in order to assess their influence on the yield and composition of the volatiles. The best conditions of extraction were 90 bar pressure at 1.32 kg/h CO2 flow rate and a plant material particle size of 0.5 mm. The SFE volatiles obtained and the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation (HD) were analysed and compared by GC and GC,MS. The oxygen-containing monoterpenes, pulegone (33,36% for SFE and 40,41% for HD), isomenthone (14,18% for SFE and 21% for HD), piperitenone (11,12% for SFE and 9,11% for HD) and piperitenone oxide (11,13% for SFE and 7,9% for HD) were the dominant components in all samples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical composition of the essential oil from Vernonia scorpioides (Asteraceae)FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2007Maria Rose Jane R. Albuquerque Abstract The essential oil from aerial parts of Vernonia scorpiodes was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed by GC,FID and GC,MS, respectively. A total of 18 compounds, representing 95.3% of the total volatile content, were identified. The major components found were , -caryophyllene (30.6%), germacrene D (27.3%), and bicyclogermacrene (8.5%). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Hydrodistillation of caraway by direct induction heating assisted by a magnetic field processFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007L. Lagunez Rivera Abstract This paper presents the development of a new method of hydrodistillation of the essential oil of caraway (Carum carvi L.) by direct induction heating assisted by magnetic field (DIHMF) and the development of the required apparatus. Water and food salt (99.8% sodium chloride) were used as electrolyte solutions and at the same time as an extractant solution. The method was tested on caraway fruits as a source of carvone and limonene as the main components. The essential oil of this fruit was also isolated by conventional hydrodistillation as a standard method on both laboratory and pilot scale. The isolated volatile products obtained by the two methods were analysed using gas chromatography (GC). The obtained results were then compared. Even though DIHMF hydrodistillation ensures the isolation of the essential oils as well as conventional hydrodistillation, the time required to obtain the isolated products is remarkably shorter. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Pittosporum undulatum Vent. grown in Portugal: secretory structures, seasonal variation and enantiomeric composition of its essential oilFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007Nicolau J. Ferreira Abstract Aerial parts of Pittosporum undulatum were collected fortnightly for 1 year at the Parque de Saúde de Lisboa. Collective samples of two populations were investigated, i.e. from pruned and non-pruned trees, and in addition samples from one pruned and one non-pruned individual. An SEM study of the aerial parts showed the presence of non-glandular T-shaped trichomes, and capitate trichomes with an elongated stalk and two to four round-shaped cells on the top. Numerous canals were seen at the level of the capsule wall as well as in the leaves and stems. Essential oil samples were isolated from the (deep-frozen) aerial parts by hydrodistillation to estimate the oil yields, and by distillation,extraction to determine their percentage composition, and analysed by GC and GC,MS. Monoterpenes (59,97%) were dominant in all oils, sabinene (5,58%), limonene (2,37%) and terpinen-4-ol (4,27%) being the major components, although in different relative amounts during the year of collection. Benzyl benzoate (8%) and benzyl salicylate (10%) attained high relative amounts in the oils from fully developed flowers, whereas in the oils from the other plant parts their relative amounts did not exceed 1%. The enantiomeric ratio of sabinene, limonene and terpinen-4-ol was investigated in the leaf, flower and capsule oils, showing dominance of the (+)-forms and homogeneity between all the oil samples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Kigelia africana Benth.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007Olayinka Taiwo Asekun Abstract The volatile constituents of the oil from the leaves and flowers of Kigelia africana Benth. from Lagos Nigeria, isolated by hydrodistillation, were analysed by GC and GC-MS. The leaf oil was found to contain 25 components, while the flower oil contained nine. Both oils were rich in non-terpenoids; hexadecanoic acid (21.91%, leaf oil; 57.00%, flower oil) was the most abundant in both oils. The other major components were ethyl linoleate (21.73%) and , -pinene (12.28%) in leaf oil and terpenolene (8.26%), myristic acid (7.95%) and linalool (6.71%) in the flower oil. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Composition of the essential oil of Abies koreana Wils.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007Szymon Baran Abstract The volatile constituents of Abies koreana Wils. from Poland have been investigated by GC, GC,MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of needles, twigs and cones, as well as twigs with needles, with yields of 1.0%, 0.64%, 0.42% and 0.83%, respectively. Eighty-four compounds were identified in the essential oil, which consisted mainly of monoterpenes, such as , -pinene, camphene, limonene and bornyl acetate, and sesquiterpenes such as intermedeol and the new (+)-(1R,4R,5R,7S)-guaia-10(14),11-diene. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oils and a novel polyacetylene from Eryngium yuccifolium Michaux. (Apiaceae),FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2006Nahla Ayoub Abstract The essential oils of Eryngium yuccifolium Michaux. (Apiaceae) were isolated from the leaves, stalks and roots by hydrodistillation. Analysis of the oils by GC and GC,MS revealed that the leaves oil contained 49 compounds, of which germacrene D (18.3%), terpinolene (17.8%), bicyclogermacrene (8.8%), , -pinene (7.6%), ß-caryophyllene (6.2%) and falcarinol (9.6%) were found to be the major constituents. In addition, 40 compounds were identified from the stalk oil, among which, germacrene D (38.4%), , -amorphene (12.2%), bicyclogermacrene (10.1%), bicyclosesquiphellandrene (3.4%) and falcarinol (3.2%) were the major components. The roots oil was found to contain 25 compounds, of which, terpinolene (25.8%), trans - , -bergamotene (18.6%) and the benzaldehyde 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (13.9%), were the major constituents. Yuccifolol (nonadeca-1,11-diene-4,6,8-triyne-3,10-diol), a novel polyacetylene, was isolated and identified from the hexane:ether extract of the aerial parts, together with the known polyacetylenes, falcarinone [heptadeca-1,9-(Z)-dien-4,6-diyn-3-one], falcarinol (heptadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyn-3-ol) and heptadeca-1,8-diene-4,6-diyne-3,9-diol. The chemical structures of these constituents were established by NMR (DEPT, COSY, HMQC and HMBC) as well as HRESI,MS analysis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Composition and antimicrobial activity of the volatile oil of Artemisia kopetdaghensis Krasch., M.Pop.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2006& Linecz ex Poljak from Iran Abstract Artemisia kopetdaghensis Krasch., M.Pop. & Linecz ex Poljak (Asteraceae) is a common perennial herb growing wild in north-eastern parts of Iran. The essential oil of A. kopetdaghensis was isolated by hydrodistillation in 2.14% (v/w) yield. The chemical composition of the essential oil was examined by GC and GC,MS. Thirty-three compounds were identified, representing 86.8% of the total oil. The major constituents were methyleugenol (24.4%), geranial (13.6%), davanone (11.1%), camphor (9.8%) and neral (7.4%). Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined, using the agar dilution method, against eight bacteria and two fungal strains. The essential oil showed a moderate antimicrobial activity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. from two localities in IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006F. Askari Abstract Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems plus leaves, inflorescences and seeds of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. individually. The plants were collected from Khojir and Chaloos (north-east and north of Tehran province, respectively). The yields of stem plus leaf, inflorescence and seed oils for the Khojir samples were 0.04%, 1.98% and 5.33% w/w and for the Chalous samples were 0.37%, 1.74% and 4.05% w/w, respectively. Limonene is a major constituent in the inflorescence and seed oils of the Khojir (47.9% and 90.5%, respectively) and Chalous samples (37.8% and 70.8%, respectively), whereas it was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir and the Chalous samples in low amounts (1.4% and 0.8%, respectively). , -Terpinen-7-al is the major constituent in the stem plus leaf and inflorescence oils of the Khojir (69.9% and 37.6%) and Chalous samples (72.8% and 49.1%), but was not found at all in the seed oils. Caryophyllene oxide (9.1%) was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir sample, and methyl eugenol (9.7%) and (E)-nerolidol acetate (9.1%) in the seed oil of the Chalous sample. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile constituents of Dorema aucheri Boiss., Seseli libanotis (L.) W. D. Koch var. armeniacum Bordz. and Conium maculatum L. three Umbelliferae herbs growing wild in IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006Shiva Masoudi Abstract The composition of the essential oils from three Umbelliferae species of Iran,Dorema aucheri Boiss., which is endemic to Iran, Seseli libanotis (L.) W. D. Koch var. armeniacum Bordz. and Conium maculatum L.,obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC[sol ]MS. , -Eudesmol (31.2%) and , -cadinene (10.9%) were the main components among the 35 constituents characterized in Dorema aucheri, representing 89.2% of the total components detected. Twenty-five compound were identified in the oil of Seseli libanotis, repesenting 90.6% of the total oil with acorenone (35.5%) as the major constituents. The oil of Conium maculatum was characterized by higher amount of germacrene D (46.1%), , -caryophyllene (15.3%) and (E,E)- , -farnesene (10.1%) among the 17 components comprising 91.0% of the total oil detected. All oils were richer in sesquiterpenes than monoterpenes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Composition of the essential oils of Rhabdosciadium oligocarpum (Post ex Boiss.) Hedge et Lamond and Rhabdosciadium microcalycinum Hand.-Mazz.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2006K. Hüsnü Can Ba Abstract The volatile constituents of the oils of Rhabdosciadium oligocarpum (Post ex Boiss.) Hedge et Lamond and Rhabdosciadium microcalycinum Hand.-Mazz. (Umbelliferae) were isolated by hydrodistillation and microdistillation techniques and then analysed by GC and GC,MS. Germacrene D was found to be the main constituent in all the oils obtained. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Histo-cytochemistry and scanning electron microscopy of lavender glandular trichomes following conventional and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oils: a comparative studyFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2006Marcello Iriti Abstract The conventional hydrodistillation method (HD) has been compared with three different variants of the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation technique (MADH), on Lavandula angustifolia flowers, both in terms of oil yield and effects on the glandular trichome morpho-structure. The amount and composition of essential oil extracted in 4 h by HD was similar to that obtained in only 20 min by MADH and even lower than that extracted with a steam variant (MASD) of MADH itself. Histo-cytochemical investigations and scanning electron microscopy showed that glandular trichome, after 4 h of HD, appeared swollen, with a deeply wrinkled surface and empty of essential oil, however maintaining the integrity of their cuticle. Many oil droplets were stuck to the outside of the trichome cuticle, sometimes arranged in large aggregates. After 20 min of MADH or MASD, trichomes appeared empty as well, but also particularly disrupted, or at least with holes in their head cuticle. Oil droplets were present outside the glands and in the inter-rib regions of the flower calyx, except in the case of MASD. After this extraction method, neither oil droplets nor other lipid staining were present in the samples, confirming the effectiveness of this particular MADH technique. These investigations suggest that the rapidity of MADH and MASD in extracting essential oil is mainly due to the collapse of trichome structure and the consequent direct release of its content, without which it has to slowly permeate through membranes and cuticle, as in the case of HD. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical composition of essential oil from the seeds of Nigella arvensis L. and assessment of its actimicrobial activityFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2006J. Havlik Abstract The essential oil from Nigella arvensis L. was obtained by hydrodistillation, yielding 0.42% of oil on dry weight basis. The GC and GC-MS analyses showed the presence of 69 components, predominantly monoterpenes. The major constituents were carvacrol methyl ether (26.4%), , -pinene (21.4%), n -undecane (13.2%), and , -pinene (5.7%). The oil did not exhibit antimicrobial activity when tested by microdilution method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical composition of the essential oils of Astrodaucus persicus (Boiss.) Drude root, stem/leaves and flowers/fruitsFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Y. T. Bazargani Abstract The essential oils of Astrodaucus persicus (Boiss.) Drude were obtained by hydrodistillation of root and aerial parts and examined by GC and GC,MS. The composition of oil samples was compared; 22, 20 and 14 compounds were identified in the essential oils of the root, stem/leaves and flowers/fruits, representing 94.4%, 99.7% and 99.9%, respectively, of the total oils. The major components were bornyl acetate (26.5%), , -sesquiphellandrene (25.9%) and exo -fenchyl acetate (25.1%) for the root oil, , -pinene (56.4%) and exo -fenchyl acetate (37.7%) for the stem/leaves oil and , -pinene (46.1%), , -pinene (26.1%) and , -thujene (14.4%) for the flowers/fruits oil. The highest amount of sesquiterpenes was found in the root oil (30.7%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Anthemis triumfetti (L.) DC.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Milica Pavlovi Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Anthemis triumfetti (Asteraceae), obtained by hydrodistillation, was analysed by GC and GC,MS; 64 compounds were identified, representing 98.3% of the oil. The major constituents were , -pinene (16.9%), camphor (15.0%), , -pinene (14.4%) and 1,8-cineole (5.8%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oils composition of Stachys byzantina, S. inflata, S. lavandulifolia and S. laxa from IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Katayoun Morteza-Semnani Abstract The essential oils of the dried flowering aerial parts of Stachys byzantina, Stachys inflata, Stachys lavandulifolia and Stachys laxa (Labiatae) collected from the suburb of Behshahr, Mazandaran province (north of Iran), in May 2003, were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by means of GC and GC,MS. The major components of S. byzantina oil were piperitenone (9.9%), 6,10,14-trimethyl pentadecan-2-one (6.4%), and n -tricosane (6.4%). The main constituents of S. inflata oil were hexadecanoic acid (9.1%), germacrene D (8.9%), , -pinene (5.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (5.1%). The major compounds of S. lavandulifolia oil were 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (9.3%), , -pinene (7.9%) and hexadecanoic acid (5.2%). The main components of S. laxa oil were germacrene D (17.1%), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (12.3%), 7- epi - , -selinene (8.3%), bicyclogermacrene (6.7%), , -caryophyllene (6.2%) and , -pinene (5.9%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile constituents of the flowerheads of three Echinacea species cultivated in IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili Abstract Three medicinal species of the genus Echinacea (Asteraceae), i.e. E. purpurea, E. pallida and E. angustifolia, were cultivated in the experimental field of the Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University (Tehran, Iran). The essential oil of flowerheads of the studied species was isolated by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In total, 36, 30 and 36 constituents were identified and quantified in E. purpurea, E. pallida and E. angustifolia, respectively. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of compounds in E. purpurea (70.9%), E. angustifolia (70%) and E. pallida (62.6%). The content of germacrene-D in E. purpurea (57%) was higher than that in E. pallida (51.4%) and E. angustifolia (49.6%) as the principal component in all samples. Also, the monoterpene hydrocarbons were observed in the oil of E. purpurea (6.4%) and E. angustifolia (1.2%), while these compounds were completely absent in E. pallida oil. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile compositions of two Asteraceae from the north-east of Brazil: Ageratum conyzoides and Acritopappus confertus (Eupatorieae)FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2005Mary Anne Sousa Lima Abstract Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves from specimens of Ageratum conyzoides and Acritopappus confertus were investigated by GC,MS. The leaf essential oil of A. conyzoides consisted exclusively of the chromenes precocene I (95.4%) and II (4.5%). The essential oil of A. confertus consisted predominantly of monoterpenes, representing 81.0% of the total. The main component was myrcene (52.0%), with reasonable amounts of , -pinene (16.8%) and limonene (8.2%). The essential oil of A. conyzoides from the north-east of Brazil has been reported as the major source of precocene I to date. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Croton cuneatus and Croton malambo growing in VenezuelaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2005Alírica I. Suárez Abstract The bark of Croton malambo and the aerial parts of Croton cuneatus were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain the essential oils of each specie. The composition of these samples were analysed by GC-MS and by NMR. The analysis of the C. malambo oil showed 36 constituents including traces, in which methyl eugenol (65.4%), methyl isoeugenol (6.3%), elemicine (4.7%), isoelemicine (3.4%), veratral (3.0%) and , -cadinol (4.1%) were the major components. C. cuneatus oil was found to be rich in phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpene alcohols, showing 43 compounds, where , -11-eudesmene (51.3%), methyleugenol (25.9%), 4- , -seleniol (10.2%), cedryl propyl ether (2.9%), , -cadinol (4.4%), cubenol (1.3%) methyl isoeugenol (1.2%), veratral (1.3%) and agarospirol (1.0%) were the most abundant compounds. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Modulation of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in Staphylococcus aureus by Osha (Ligusticum porteri L., Apiaceae) essential oil compoundsFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2005Pascale Cégiéla-Carlioz Abstract In a continuing project to characterize natural compounds with activity as modulators of MDR in Staphyloccocus aureus, Osha essential oil and extracts were evaluated. The aim of this work was to identify the active components as MDR modulators in the oil from the roots of Ligusticum porteri Coulter & Rose (Apiaceae). This essential oil was obtained by steam distillation or by solvent extraction and analysed by gas chromatography,mass spectrometry. Forty-two components were identified. Sabinyl acetate (1) (56.6%), (Z)-ligustilide (2) (12.9%) and sabinol (3) (3.3%) were the major components of water-distilled essential oil, while (Z)-ligustilide (2) (39.1%), sabinyl acetate (1) (34.6%) and 4-terpinyl acetate (4) (3.1%) were the major components of the dichloromethane extract. At a concentration of 100 µg/ml, the oil from hydrodistillation caused a two-fold potentiation, and the oil from solvent extraction caused a four-fold potentiation of the activity of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic norfloxacin against a norfloxacin-resistant strain possessing the NorA MDR efflux transporter, the major chromosomal drug pump in this pathogen. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical composition of essential oils of two Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit leaves from NigeriaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2005Adeolu O. Eshilokun Abstract The essential oils of the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit collected from two different sources were isolated by hydrodistillation. The oils were analysed by GC and GC_MS; 36 constituents were identified in the oil of sample collected from the campus of Lagos State University (LASU), while 33 constituents were identified in the oil of sample from Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU). , -Pinene (13.6%), sabinene (13.2%), p -cymene (11.7%), terpinen-4-ol (9.8%) and terpinolene (6.3%) were the major monoterpenes in the LASU oil sample, while sabinene (30.0%), terpinen-4-ol (11.4%), terpinolene (5.6%), 1,8-cineole (5.2%), , -pinene (4.4%) and , -terpinene (4.2%) were the main monoterpenes in the OAU oil sample. , -caryophyllene (5.1_5.9%) and trans - , -bergamotene (1.6_5.2%) represented the major sesquiterpenes in both oils. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile constituents of the flowers of Clerodendron fragrans (Vent.) R. Br.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2005K. C. Wong Abstract The volatile constituents of Clerodendron fragrans (Vent.) R. Br. flowers were analysed by capillary GC and GC,MS following isolation by hydrodistillation,extraction; 41 compounds were identified. Oxygenated monoterpenes and aromatic compounds originating from phenylpropanoid metabolism predominated, accounting for 41.2% and 36.0% respectively, of the total volatiles. The major components were linalol, benzyl acetate and benzyl benzoate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical constituents of the essential oil of Asarum forbesii Maxim (Aristolochiaceae)FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2005Feng Zhang Abstract The essential oils from the leaves and roots of Asarum forbesii Maxim (Aristolochiaceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC,MS; 20 and 17 constituents were identi,ed from the leaf and root oils, respectively. Methylisoeugenol (33.3%) and , -asarone (19.2%) were the main constituents in the leaf oil, while , -asarone (58.8%) and methyleugenol (10.3%) were the major constituents in the root oil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Aromatic plants of tropical central Africa.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2005Part L., Volatile components of Clerodendrum buchholzii Gürke from Cameroon Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of fresh leaves of Clerodendrum buchholzii Gürke grown in Cameroon was investigated by GC,FID and GC,MS. The major compounds were benzaldehyde (96%) and octen-3-ol, which were also determined by the AEDA method as the key odourants of this sample. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical composition of the essential oils of Marrubium parvi,orum Fisch.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2005& C. A. Mey., Marrubium vulgare L. from Iran Abstract The composition of essential oil samples obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Marrubium parvi,orum Fisch. & C. A. Mey. and Marrubium vulgare L. (family Lamiaceae), were investigated by GC and GC,MS. Fifty-one components in the oil of M. parvi,orum, representing 96.8% of the total oil, and 34 components in the oil of M. vulgare, representing 95.1% of the total oil, were identi,ed. Both essential oils were characterized by a high amount of sesqiterpenes (77.8% and 82.5%, respectively) with bicyclogermacrene (26.3%), germacrene D (21.5%) and , -caryophyllene (15.6%) as the major constituents of M. parvi,orum, and , -bisabolene (25.4%), , -caryophyllene (11.6%), germacrene D (9.7%) and E - , -farnesene (8.3%) as the major component of M. vulgare. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Pimpinella aurea D.C. from IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005F. Askari Abstract Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems, ,owers and seeds of Pimpinella aurea D.C. They were collected individually from Fasham (north-west of Tehran province). The yields of stem + leaf, ,ower and seed oils were 0.4%, 1.5% and 2.0% w/w, respectively; 32 constituents were identi,ed in the stem + leaf oil, 18 in the ,ower oil and eight in the seed oil. Major constituents of the stem + leaf oil were: 1,8-cineol and limonene (21.4%), viridi,orol (12.8%), , -pinene (11.5%), kessane (10.5%), germacrene D (4.9%), , -bisabolene (4.2%), , -zingiberene (3.3%) and citronellyl acetate (3.1%). Major constituents of the ,ower oil were: viridi,orol (32.5%), , -bisabolene (29.5%), caryophyllene oxide (6.6%), 1,8-cineol + limonene (8.9%) and estragol (5.1%). Major constituents of the seed oil were: , -bisabolene (50.8%), and viridi,orol (37.0%). Three compounds (, -bisabolene, viridi,orol and caryophyllene oxide) were common to all three oils. 1,8-Cineol and limonene, kessane and , -pinene were the major compounds in the stem + leaf and ,ower oils but were not found in the seed oil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile constituents of the cold desert plant Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. ,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005U. Mahmood Abstract The essential oil of Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. (Lamiaceae) from wild and cultivated plants was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC,MS techniques. Twelve constituents, accounting for 96.8% of the total oil from wild plants, and nineteen constituents, accounting for 99.9% of the total oil from cultivated plants, were identified. Citronellol was identified as one of the major constituents, attaining 74.9% in the wild and 54.3% in the cultivated population, respectively. This plant was found to be a new source of citronellol and rose oxides, which are mostly used in the essential oil and perfumery industry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||