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Human Experience (human + experience)
Selected AbstractsEvaluation of the skin sensitizing potency of chemicals by using the existing methods and considerations of relevance for elicitationCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 1 2005David A. Basketter The Technical Committee of Classification and Labelling dealing with harmonized classification of substances and classification criteria under Directive 67/548/EEC on behalf of the European Commission nominated an expert group on skin sensitization in order to investigate further the possibility for potency consideration of skin sensitizers for future development of the classification criteria. All substances and preparations should be classified on the basis of their intrinsic properties and should be labelled accordingly with the rules set up in the Directive 67/548/EEC. The classification should be the same under their full life cycle and in the case that there is no harmonized classification the substance or preparation should be self-classified by the manufacturer in accordance with the same criteria. The Directive does not apply to certain preparations in the finished state, such as medical products, cosmetics, food and feeding stuffs, which are subject to specific community legislation. The main questions that are answered in this report are whether it would be possible to give detailed guidance on how to grade allergen potency based on the existing methods, whether such grading could be translated into practical thresholds and whether these could be set for both induction and elicitation. Examples are given for substances falling into various potency groups for skin sensitization relating to results from the local lymph node assay, the guinea pig maximization test, the Buehler method and human experience. [source] Mindfulness-based treatments for co-occurring depression and substance use disorders: what can we learn from the brain?ADDICTION, Issue 10 2010Judson A. Brewer ABSTRACT Both depression and substance use disorders represent major global public health concerns and are often co-occurring. Although there are ongoing discoveries regarding the pathophysiology and treatment of each condition, common mechanisms and effective treatments for co-occurring depression and substance abuse remain elusive. Mindfulness training has been shown recently to benefit both depression and substance use disorders, suggesting that this approach may target common behavioral and neurobiological processes. However, it remains unclear whether these pathways constitute specific shared neurobiological mechanisms or more extensive components universal to the broader human experience of psychological distress or suffering. We offer a theoretical, clinical and neurobiological perspective of the overlaps between these disorders, highlight common neural pathways that play a role in depression and substance use disorders and discuss how these commonalities may frame our conceptualization and treatment of co-occurring disorders. Finally, we discuss how advances in our understanding of potential mechanisms of mindfulness training may offer not only unique effects on depression and substance use, but also offer promise for treatment of co-occurring disorders. [source] Theologizing the Human Jesus: An Ancient (and Modern) Approach to Christology ReassessedINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Ivor Davidson Many contemporary Christologies, while paying lip-service to the primacy of the human Jesus, devote little attention to the theological status of his humanity. They may be deflected from this task by such factors as preference for experienced-based symbol; the fragmentation of biblical studies and dogmatics; the imperatives of contextual hermeneutics; and the preoccupation with methodology rather than substance. But the human Jesus is only theologically meaningful when viewed on a larger canvas than that of either idealist metaphysics or historical reconstruction. The classical doctrines of the anhypostasis and enhypostasis of Jesus' humanity offer a still useful way of highlighting the primacy of grace, and, contrary to common caricature, do not undermine the density of his human experience. Such an account needs to be supplemented, however, with a robust pneumatology in order to specify the relevance of the human Jesus for revelation, salvation, anthropology, ethics and eschatology. [source] Scheduling dispensing and counting in secondary pharmaceutical manufacturingAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009Michele Ciavotta Abstract In this article, we describe a general methodology for operations scheduling in dispensing and counting departments of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants. The departments are modeled as a multiobjective parallel machines scheduling problem under a number of both standard and realistic constraints, such as release times, due dates and deadlines, particular sequence-dependent setup times, machine unavailabilities, and maximum campaign size. Main characteristics of the methodology are the modularity of the solution algorithms, the adaptability to different objectives and constraints to fulfill production requirements, the easiness of implementation, and the ability of incorporating human experience in the scheduling algorithms. Computational experience carried out on two case studies from a real pharmaceutical plant shows the effectiveness of this approach. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009 [source] The Menopause Experience: A Woman's PerspectiveJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 1 2002Sharon A. George PhD Objective: To understand the complexities of the experience of menopause in American women from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. The specific aims of this phenomenologic study were to (a) examine and interpret the reality of the menopausal transition as experienced by American women and (b) identify common elements and themes that occur as a result of the complexities of this experience. Design: Data for this qualitative study were gathered through semistructured interviews with 15 women who experienced natural menopause. Participants: A multiethnic sample of 15 menopausal American women in Massachusetts was selected from a pool of voluntary participants from the Boston area. Data Analysis: The interviews were analyzed to identify themes pertinent to the personal experience of menopause. Those themes, extracted from the similarities and differences described, represent broad aspects of these women's experiences. Results: Three major themes or phases were identified: expectations and realization, sorting things out, and a new life phase. Although some women expressed similar thoughts in particular categories, no two women had the same experience of menopause. Conclusions: The data support the premise that the experience of menopause in American women is unique to each individual and that the meaning or perspective differs among women. The data revealed the complexities of this human experience by explicating personal meanings related to experiences, expectations, attitudes, and beliefs about menopause. [source] Personality and Close Relationships: Embedding People in Important Social ContextsJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2002M. Lynne Cooper ABSTRACT This special issue of the Journal of Personality is predicated on the assumption that close relationships provide the central stage for the drama of human experience. This all-important context both shapes and conditions the expression of personality, and thus must play an integral role in any truly adequate account of human behavior. The importance of this agenda is perhaps overshadowed only by its difficulty. Contributions to the present issue, therefore, take stock of past research, highlight current state-of-the-art research, and offer a vision of the next generation of research on personality and close relationships. The conceptual and methodological approaches highlighted in this issue remain faithful to the dynamic, interdependent, and multilayered nature of the processes linking personality and close relationships. [source] "Automatism" and the emergence of dynamic psychiatryJOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2003Adam Crabtree FacultyArticle first published online: 21 JAN 200 This article is about the clash of two explanatory paradigms, each attempting to account for the same data of human experience. In the first half of the nineteenth century, physiologists investigated reflex actions and applied a recently coined word, "automatism," to describe actions which, although seeming to arise from higher centers, actually result from automatic reaction to sensory stimuli. Experiments with spinal reflexes led to the investigation of the reflex action of the brain or "cerebral automatisms." Reflex actions of this kind were used to explain everything from acting compulsively to composing symphonies. Physiological explanations of phenomena of this kind seemed insufficient to some and, in the 1880s, Frederic Myers and Pierre Janet developed psychological frameworks for understanding these phenomena, positing hidden centers of intelligence at work in the individual, outside ordinary awareness, which produce what came to be called "psychological automatisms." Their attempts to unify this psychological framework with the existing physiological one failed. Nevertheless, their work played a crucial role in paving the way for what Ellenberger called dynamic psychiatry, which accepts the reality of an unconscious dynamic of the psyche. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] A Normativist Account of Language-Based Learning Disability1,2LEARNING DISABILITIES RESEARCH & PRACTICE, Issue 1 2006J. Bruce Tomblin Research on learning disabilities (LD) depends upon a conceptual framework that specifies what it should explain, what kinds of data are needed, and how these data are to be arranged in order to provide a meaningful explanation. An argument is made that LD are no different in this respect than any other form of human illness. In this article, a theory of LD based on weak normativism drawn from the philosophy of medicine is presented. This theory emphasizes that cultural values (norms) determine which aspects of human experience and function are instances of ill health. Thus, ill health is fundamentally normative. However, the experiences and behaviors themselves arise out of the natural world and therefore can be explained by a culturally neutral natural science. Data from a longitudinal study of specific language impairment are used to show that academic achievement is culturally evaluated, that low achievement is disvalued, and that therefore actions are taken to help the poor achiever. Spoken language abilities in kindergarten are associated with judgments of the adequacy of fourth grade academic achievement and are mediated by reading prior to fourth grade and also via a path that is independent of reading. It is argued that poor academic achievement may be viewed as a disvalued state consistent with an illness, whereas language and reading skills can be viewed as basic causal systems that can explain the child's learning performance. Properties of this causal system are value free, except that they can inherit disvalue by their association with poor achievement. It remains to be determined whether the notion of LD is to be equated with poor achievement and therefore serve as a type of illness or whether it is to be viewed as a particular cause of poor achievement and thus functions as a type of disease associated with poor achievement. The conceptual framework lays out the alternative meanings for LD and the choice between these alternatives will ultimately depend on how it is used in the LD research community. [source] THE PARADOX OF INQUIRY IN AUGUSTINE'S CONFESSIONSMETAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2008SCOTT MACDONALD Abstract: The Confessions recounts Augustine's successful search for God. But Augustine worries that one cannot search for God if one does not already know God. That version of the paradox of inquiry dominates and structures Confessions 1,10. I draw connections between the dramatic opening lines of book 1 and the climactic discussion in book 10.26,38 and argue that the latter discussion contains Augustine's resolution of the paradox of inquiry as it applies to the special case of searching for God. I claim that he develops a model, relying on the universal human experience of joy and truth, that identifies a starting point that (1) is common to all human beings, (2) is sufficient for guiding a successful search for God, and (3) avoids commitment to recollection of experiences prior to birth. The model is crucial to Augustine's rejection of traditional Platonist views about recollection. [source] Hope Deferred: Theological Reflections on Reproductive Loss (Infertility, Stillbirth, Miscarriage)MODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2001L. Serene Jones This essay examines the human experience of reproductive loss and grief surrounding infertility, miscarriage and stillbirth, in particular why such painful silences persist where one might least expect it; namely, in feminist communities and in churches. By bringing into conversation feminist theory and systematic theology on this topic, the author effectively crosses (and cross-fertilizes) the boundaries of two important sets of discourse with the hope of better understanding why painful silences persist concerning reproductive loss and what theological , in particular Trinitarian , resources are available to help the church think about the issue (both those who suffer this loss and the broader community who seeks to understand it). [source] Beyond polarities of knowledge: the pragmatics of faithNURSING PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2002Gweneth A. Hartrick RN Abstract The dissociation between the domains of knowledge continues to perpetuate the fragmentation of people's health and healing experiences. Of particular significance are the polarities that have been created between the objective, subjective and spiritual dimensions of knowledge and human experience. This paper offers a consideration of how faith might serve as a pragmatic avenue towards assuaging the polarities between knowledges and enhancing nurses' ability to attend to the complex and mulitdimensional nature of health and healing processes. [source] The role of narrative in understanding digital video: An exploratory analysisPROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2003Todd Wilkens Narrative is perhaps the oldest and most widely used form for organizing information and human experience, thus, it is not surprising that there is a significant body of research concerning narrative and its importance to comprehension and understanding. One important outcome of this research is the concept of narrative intelligence, the human tendency to fit experience into narrative form. This research is extremely relevant to information seeking in general and sense-making, in particular. This paper outlines the basic principles and research supporting the concept of narrative intelligence and its applicability to the ways in which people make sense of digital video. We explore relevant theory and research in sense-making, surrogates, narrative, and narrative intelligence and then present the preliminary results of two research studies. The first clarifies and operationalizes the concept of narrative as it relates to video. The second demonstrates how narrativity can have significant effects on information seeking and sense-making in digital video. Results from these studies have implications for how syntactic form can be used as a means of indexing digital video. [source] Access to large spoken archives: Uses and technology.PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2002Sponsored by SIG VIS With recent advances in information technology, digital archiving is emerging as an important and practical method for capturing the human experience. Large amounts of spoken materials and audiovisual materials in which speech is an important component are becoming available. This panel will discuss the uses of these mateials for education, information retrieval and dissemination, and research, the requirements that arise from these uses, and speech recognition and retrieval technologies being developed to meet these requirements. These materials have tremendous potential for enriching the presentation of information in education, newscasts and documentaries, but retrieval from and access to these large repositories pose significant challenges. The panel will provide an overview of these issues. [source] Saving the world one patient at a time: Psychoanalysis and social critiquePSYCHOTHERAPY AND POLITICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2009Jennifer Tolleson Ph.D Abstract In contrast to its revolutionary beginnings, the psychoanalytic discourse has abandoned its potential as a critical, dissident force in contemporary life. It is imperative, in our efforts to engage in socially responsible clinical practice, that we restore the sociocritical function to our professional mandate, and that we apply such critique to our symbiosis with the dominant organizing social and economic order. In our close encounter with the tragedies and profundities of the human subject, we are uniquely poised to inhabit a critical, dissident and ardent sensibility in relation to the larger political world. Our immersion in human subjectivity makes possible a vivid and poignant perspective on human experience in contemporary life, and yet our valorization of the subjective and the individual, and our difficulty looking beyond the dyad as the site of human suffering and human transformation occludes a broader social and historical inquiry. So, too, does our preoccupation with holding onto our professional legitimacy, staying viable in the marketplace, which tempts us in morally dubious directions and dampens our freedom to elaborate a more oppositional, or dissident, sensibility. Arguably the profession has a responsibility to make a contribution, practical and discursive, clinical and theoretical, to human rights and social justice. A contribution along these lines requires tremendous courage as we push back against the gains afforded by our conformity to the status quo. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Beyond Anthropology, Towards Actuality,THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Annette Hamilton Anthropology in Australia is at a critical juncture. This paper discusses the way in which the discipline has been challenged at the institutional level, in part due to pressures arising from economic rationalisation within universities. Anthropology, however, must take some responsibility for its condition. Psychology has established itself as the primary ,human' discipline to provide qualifications appropriate for professional employment. At a more scholarly level, anthropology's traditional zones of concern have been taken over by others, including history and cultural studies. Can we, and should we, demystify anthropology and its practices? Can we reposition anthropology with a broader vision of the human experience, and what will happen if we cannot? [source] RELIGIOUS CULTURE AND HISTORICAL CHANGE: VATICAN II ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOMTHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 5 2008M. JOHN FARRELLY O.S.B. At Vatican II and since Vatican II there have been Catholics who have held that the Council's teaching on religious freedom is in contradiction to the Church's earlier teaching and practice. The Council defended it as a legitimate development of doctrine in part through claiming that changing human experience in history shows us only gradually what human dignity entails, and the Church learns from this experience. True, the Council's teaching is in part a denial of its earlier teaching and practice. The present article defends the legitimacy of this development through showing that there is a change of paradigm by which the Church now views this issue, a change that includes both continuity and discontinuity. This reliance on what is revealed to us by changing human experience is accepted by the Church only when it sees it as critically evaluated by an adequate philosophy and as in accord with Christian revelation, but its acceptance moves us to a growth in our understanding of revelation itself. [source] CIPHERS OF TRANSCENDENCE: COGNITIVE AESTHETICS IN SCIENCETHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 4 2008ANDREW N. HUNT Modern epistemology is reluctant to presume the objectivity of a mental event. Because a valid theory of knowledge is subjected to objective standards of rationality, the invocation of a transcendent ground of existence termed ,god' is deemed extra-systematic. This reference lacks warrant because it fails to satisfy the impartial criteria methodologically basic to contemporary paradigms of knowledge. Still the biochemist Arthur Peacocke (1924,2006) claimed defensible public truth for an ultimate reality based on the ,supremely' rational nature of existence; it is the further contention of this paper that there are intelligible patterns to the universe whose discovery is incapable of ,objective' explanation. By failing to meet these criteria, however, they do not fall into irrationality, still less do they disqualify or exclude themselves from public consideration; quite the opposite. There are perhaps depths to human experience then, including science, to which an existentialist epistemology is appropriate. In this connection the philosophy of Karl Jaspers (1883,1969) provides a compelling account of the transition of scientific research into aesthetics and theological discourse. [source] The Influence of Social Critical Theory on Edward Schillebeeckx's Theology of Suffering for OthersTHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 2 2001Elizabeth K. TillarArticle first published online: 16 DEC 200 Edward Schillebeeckx has consolidated the theoretical and practical dimensions of the Christian approach to human suffering in his theological method, specifically his theology of suffering for others. The various elements and sources of his method can be gleaned from his later writings, especially those published during the 1970s and 1980s. Schillebeeckx's theology is anchored in (1) the Thomist-phenomenological approach of Flemish philosopher Dominic De Petter; (2) the historical-experiential theology of Marie-Dominique Chenu; and (3) the social theory of the Frankfurt School. De Petter's perspective on Aquinas integrated a Thomist epistemology with the phenomenological notion that concepts cannot ultimately capture the reality of human experience. From Chenu, Schillebeeckx acquired his commitment to both solid historical research and engagement with socio-political problems facing church and world. The problem of suffering, which constitutes an essential dimension of Schillebeeckx's theological ethics with its dual emphasis on theory and praxis, raises the question of human responsibility in the face of unjust and needless suffering. His theoretical-practical approach to the alleviation of human suffering evolved within the framework of social critical theory, specifically: (a) Schillebeeckx's theological integration of Theodor Adorno's negative dialectics into his own method of correlation, which promotes various forms of critical resistance to socio-political injustice rather than a single program; and (b) the unification of theory and praxis, a priority of Jürgen Habermas's ,new' critical theory that Schillebeeckx endorses. Both principles of critical theory , negative dialectics and the union of theory and praxis , inform Schillebeeckx's eschatological orientation and his conception of liturgy as a form of social ethics. [source] The ,self' in analytical psychology: the function of the ,central archetype' within Fordham's modelTHE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Elizabeth Urban Abstract:, This paper concerns the self as Fordham came to conceive it after a conceptual analysis of Jung's use of the term. Fordham identified a contradiction in Jung's usage, and resolved it by reserving ,self' for a definition of the psychosomatic entirety of the individual, and using a separate term for referring to expressions of the self in human experience (e.g. symbols). Fordham tentatively suggested that the latter be termed the ,central archetype', although this was neither developed nor dropped. I explore the value of this term from a developmental perspective and, more specifically in terms of the deintegration of psyche out of an early psychosomatic unity. This draws upon infant research and an observation of a 14-month old boy. Finally, further developments are briefly described and illustrated, whereby pre-symbolic expressions of the central archetype become symbolic and come to reflect what was for Jung, the ,ultimate', ,Formation, Transformation, Eternal Mind's eternal recreation'. Translations of Abstract Cet article traite du soi tel que Fordham fut amenéà le concevoir, à partir d'une analyse conceptuelle de l'usage jungien de ce terme. Fordham identifia chez Jung une contradiction dans l'usage du terme, qu'il résolut en réservant « soi »à une définition de l'entièreté psychosomatique de l'individu et en utilisant un terme séparé pour se référer aux expressions du soi dans l'expérience humaine (les symboles). Fordham proposa de nommer « archétype central » ces occurrences du soi, mais cette proposition ne fut ni développée ni abandonnée. J'étudie dans cet article la valeur de ce terme dans une perspective développementale et, plus spécifiquement, en termes de dé-intégration de la psyché dans une unité psychosomatique précoce, ceci en référence à l' « infant research », ainsi qu'à l'observation d'un bébé de quatorze mois. Enfin, je décris et illustre brièvement des développements ultérieurs, dans lesquels des expressions pré-symboliques de l'archétype central deviennent symboliques et en viennent à refléter ce qui pour Jung était le but « ultime »; « Formation, Transformation, Eternelle recréation de l'Esprit Éternel ». Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Selbst, so wie Fordham es entwickelt und verstanden hat, einer begrifflichen Analyse von Jungs Gebrauch des Terminus Selbst folgend. Fordham erkannte einen Widerspruch in Jungs Gebrauch und er löste ihn auf, indem er das ,Selbst' für die Definition der psychosomatischen Gesamtheit des Individuums reservierte und einen gesonderten Begriff benutzte, um auf die Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten des Selbst in der menschlichen Erfahrung (z. B. Symbole) zu verweisen. Fordham schlug versuchsweise vor, dieses letztere als ,zentralen Archetypus' zu bezeichnen, wenngleich dieser Vorschlag weder weiter entwickelt, noch fallen gelassen wurde. Ich untersuche den Wert dieses Begriffes von einer entwicklungspsychologischen Perspektive aus und, noch spezifischer, in Begriffen der Deintegration der Psyche ausgehend von einer frühen psychosomatischen Einheit. Dieses verweist auf die Säuglingsforschung und die Beobachtung eines 14 Monate alten Jungen. Schließlich werden weitere Entwicklungen kurz beschrieben und illustriert, wobei die präsymbolischen Äußerungen des zentralen Archetypus zu symbolischen werden und beginnen, das zu reflektieren, was für Jung das ,Endgültige war, Formation, Transformation, des ewigen Geistes ewige Neugestaltung'. Questo lavoro tratta del sé come Fordham giunse a considerarlo, seguendo un'analisi concettuale dell'uso che Jung ne fece. Fordham scoprì una contraddizione nel modo di usarlo di Jung, e la risolse riservando il termine sé per una definizione della totalità psicosomatica dell'individuo e utilizzando un termine diverso per riferirsi all'espressione del sé nell'esperienza umana (ad es. i simboli). Fordham propose come tentativo di chiamare quest'ultimo ,archetipo centrale' sebbene questo non fosse né sviluppato né lasciato cadere. Esamino il valore di questo termine da un punto di vista evolutivo e, più specificamente in termini di deintegrazione della psiche a partire da una totalità psicosomatica. Ciò si basa sull'infant research e sull'osservazione di un bambino di 14 mesi. Infine verranno descritti e illustrati ulteriori sviluppi per mezzo dei quali le espressioni dell'archetipo centrale divengono simboliche e arrivano a riflettere ciò che per Jung era ,il definitivo'; ,Formazione, Trasformazione, creazione eterna della Mente Eterna'. Este trabajo se refiere al self tal como Fordham lo concibe, seguido de un análisis conceptual del uso que Jung le da al término. Fordham encuentra una contradicción en la utilización de Jung, y la resuelve reservando el término ,self' para definir la entidad psicosomática del individuo, y utilizando un término aparte para referirse a las expresiones del self en la experiencia humana (p.ej. los símbolos). Tentativamente Fordham sugiere que este último sea denominado como ,arquetipo central', a pesar de que este no se haya desarrollado ni caído. Exploro el valor de este término desde la perspectiva desarrollista y, mas específicamente en términos de desintegración de la psique de la unidad psicosomática temprana. Ello mediante la investigación y la observación de un niño de 14 meses de edad. Finalmente, otros desarrollos son descritos e ilustrados, donde las expresiones pre-simbólicas del arquetipo central se hacen simbólicas y reflejan lo que para Jung era, ,la finalidad', ,Formación, Transformación, la recreación de la Mente eterna'. [source] On the Run: The Narrative of an Asylum SeekerANTHROPOLOGY & HUMANISM, Issue 2 2004Solrun Williksen The object of the article is to try and understand how a young woman managed to live through the experience of losing everything that was dear to her, first of all of her sister being "sold" to an old man, then of being threatened with death, then having to leave the picture of her mother behind, and then traveling into the unknown to a new existence in a country that she had never heard of,until she was told the name by the immigration police. It is the story of how to create an experience out of chaos, and how to come to terms with it through looking back and groping for words to give shape and sense to what has happened. In a wider theoretical perspective the article explores the problem of the interplay between the lived experience and the story in the making. This might indicate a dichotomy between experience and narrative, and that acting in the world, in this case being on the run, is lived experience, whereas the telling is just that ,telling, thus removed from the drama of getting on with the living of it. That is not how I see it. When I was in the middle of unraveling Ada's life story I read an article by Sarah Lamb, "Being a Widow" (2001), where she shows that the widow's story is part of her lived life. However, I find the distinctions in approaches very subtle and have, in fact, never quite seen how anything concerned with human experience, let alone one's own life story, can be seen as outside of lived life, outside of reality, like a text. It is true that to the person in this account, a young asylum seeker in Norway, it may seem at times as if the story she is telling is about somebody else. "Sometimes I don't know who I am. How can all this have happened and yet I am still alive?" she asks. Nevertheless I was inspired by Lamb's insistence on the creative practice, and indeed experience, of the narrative presentation itself. Although I have encouraged Ada,as she will be called here,to tell her story, I have done so with a small feeling of doubt. Is it really the case that a forgotten period needs to be recaptured in order for people to feel they own their own lives? She herself has said, "If I told people everything that happened, nobody would believe me and I wouldn't know what words to use either, or how to start." [source] "Do You Have Anything to Add?"ANTHROPOLOGY & HUMANISM, Issue 1 2000Commentary on the Social Experience of Mental Illness, Narrative as Reflection This article argues that a phenomenological study of mental illness constructed from first-person subjective narratives can make a substantial contribution to our understanding of illness in terms of ordinary human experience. I suggest that the social experience of mental illness is primarily one of alienation and that this is both an internal and externally imposed experience. I conclude by proposing that the anthropological perspective,seeing the person within his or her wider cultural context, including both spatial and temporal dimensions,has the potential to generate new insights into how we might mitigate the alienating and depersonalizing effects of the mental illness experience. On another level, this article represents my attempt, as a mother, to come to terms with a mental health crisis within my own family. [source] TWO CONCEPTS OF EMPIRICAL ETHICSBIOETHICS, Issue 4 2009MALCOLM PARKER ABSTRACT The turn to empirical ethics answers two calls. The first is for a richer account of morality than that afforded by bioethical principlism, which is cast as excessively abstract and thin on the facts. The second is for the facts in question to be those of human experience and not some other, unworldly realm. Empirical ethics therefore promises a richer naturalistic ethics, but in fulfilling the second call it often fails to heed the metaethical requirements related to the first. Empirical ethics risks losing the normative edge which necessarily characterizes the ethical, by failing to account for the nature and the logic of moral norms. I sketch a naturalistic theory, teleological expressivism (TE), which negotiates the naturalistic fallacy by providing a more satisfactory means of taking into account facts and research data with ethical implications. The examples of informed consent and the euthanasia debate are used to illustrate the superiority of this approach, and the problems consequent on including the facts in the wrong kind of way. [source] Learning the Dynamic Processes of Color and Light in Interior DesignJOURNAL OF INTERIOR DESIGN, Issue 2 2009Tiiu Poldma Ph.D. ABSTRACT Interior environments and their design are profoundly influenced by how designers integrate color and light with form and space. In our increasingly global world, new lighting technologies are changing our perception of color and light and subsequently our interrelationships with one another and with interior space. This alters the choices that we have as designers when we make both color and light decisions. Traditional light and color theories are being challenged with new lighting approaches that are complex, dynamic, and that are changing people's immediate experiences within spaces. Currently, new light technologies alter our perceptual relationships with people and forms, as light, its spectral color, and the forms its affects are more interactive and modulated in real time. Usually, in interior design coursework, students learn about color and light as static theories that they are then asked to apply within the interior design of spaces in subsequent design studios. Through a presentation and examination of the course "Color and Light in Interior Design," this paper proposes considering integrating color and light theories with new contexts of dynamic, integrated human experiences of color and light in interior space. Students acquire learning experiences that integrate theory and practice by understanding the complex interrelationships of light, color, and objects in interior spaces as interactive, and by exploring design concepts in actual environments as a laboratory where they can test theories and their own ideas. The course structure is described and the theories underlying the course goals are explored. Color and light theories are considered in the context of emerging technologies and how phenomenological approaches affect our perceptions and experiences in spaces. Student examples of two of the four course projects are presented as these put theories into practice. The discussion shows that light and color theory, when explored in this way, stimulates both comprehensive and creative responses that integrate new technology with aesthetic theory and functional aspects of well-designed light/color solutions. The integrating of practice into theory stimulates reflective thinking and an understanding of situated contexts in interior design problem solving. The course develops emerging necessities of understanding dynamic color/light concepts that contribute to broadening interior design applied knowledge. [source] Nursing Education at an Art GalleryJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 2 2000Britt-Maj Wikström Purpose: To introduce an experiential teaching-learning method in nursing education based on art gallery visits. Works of art communicate a broad spectrum of human experiences and thoughts, and can be useful when studying interpersonal relations. Design: Theoretical framework on experiential learning was based on writings of Dewey and Burnard. Data were collected from nursing students (N = 206) at a university college of health sciences in Sweden during a 3-year period, 1995,1998. Method: The pedagogical approach was experiential and based on three phases: observation, conceptualisation, and reflection. When students visited the art gallery, they were encouraged to look for metaphoric expressions of interpersonal relations. Students were asked to interpret the art, report findings to fellow-students, and evaluate the program. Findings: Studying works of art was a powerful teaching-learning method for understanding interpersonal relations. Students related interpretations of a work of art to interpersonal relations in nursing. Conclusions: Nursing students' observations and understanding of interpersonal relations were enhanced by the art gallery program. [source] The analysis of the homoerotic and the pursuit of meaningTHE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Barry Miller Abstract:, This paper explores the dynamic tension between an evolving collective phenomenon and the nature of analytic process. Specifically, the focus will be erotic experiences which acquire a meaning through the culture at large, a meaning that may not be supportable when that material is subjected to psychological analysis. This stimulates a conflict between the symbolic attitude and the cultural perspective of the time. While the struggle between the individual and collective consciousness always emerges in analysis, the subject of same-gender sexual relations has become such a controversial and divisive issue in the current political environment that views toward homosexuality demand powerful allegiances and identification with either historic or contemporary ideas. People now identify as ,gay' and tend to see themselves as something akin to a race or perhaps alternative gender. Sexuality and relationship between same gendered people tends to be viewed through the lens of civil rights and the undeniable need for social equality. In this far-reaching and expanding collective phenomenon, psychology, in its support of human rights and accommodation to emerging trends, may be diminished in its capacity to pursue the meaning inherent in these human experiences. The position developed in this paper is that psychological experience, whether in the imaginal realm, dreams or personal consciousness, must be available for full analysis. Clinical experience and dreams are used to amplify this challenge to dynamic analytic practice. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||