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Household Types (household + type)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	50%

Selected Abstracts

Net transition probabilities: an approach to subnational level projections of households and housing demand based on census data

POPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 6 2006
Peter McDonald
Abstract The authors set out to make medium-term projections of housing demand for subnational regions of Australia. Projections of the numbers of households by household type and age of a household reference person were required. The only possible source of input data at a subnational level was the quinquennial censuses. An innovative approach was developed specifically for the purpose of these projections. This involved the use of ,net transition probabilities' estimated from net changes in household classification types for individuals between censuses in the past, which are then projected into the future. The results of the projection for the period 1996,2001 were evaluated against 2001 Census results. Net transition probabilities were found to be robust, in that their age and sex specific profiles were very similar from one intercensal period to the next. The evaluation concluded that the model used is both practical and highly effective. Overall, the authors found that the projections have a high degree of reliability and produce very useful information concerning the future demand for housing at a regional level. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Indirect tax reform and the role of exemptions

FISCAL STUDIES, Issue 4 2001
John Creedy
Abstract This paper examines the question of whether indirect tax rates should be uniform, using four different modelling strategies. First, marginal tax reform is examined. This is concerned with the optimal direction of small changes in effective indirect tax rates and requires considerably less information than the calculation of optimal rates. Second, the welfare effects of a partial shift from the current indirect tax system in Australia towards a goods and services tax (GST) are considered, with particular emphasis on differences between household types and the role of exemptions. Third, in view of the stress on a distributional role for exemptions of certain goods from a GST, the potential limits to such redistribution are considered. The fourth approach examines the extent of horizontal inequity and reranking that can arise when there are non-uniform tax rates. These inequities arise essentially because of preference heterogeneity. [source]

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Three Populations

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010
S. Kottler
Background: A higher prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization is reported in healthcare workers compared with nonhealthcare workers. Hypothesis: The prevalence of MRSA colonization differed in people and pets in households with healthcare workers as compared with households without healthcare workers. Subjects: A person and 1 dog or cat from 586 households defined as either a nonhealthcare (n = 213), veterinary healthcare (n = 211), or human healthcare (n = 162) worker household. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study. Samples from humans and pets were cultured in vitro. Staphylococcus aureus was identified as methicillin sensitive (MSSA) or MRSA with mecA polymerase chain reaction. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and spa -typing were used to characterize relatedness of S. aureus and MRSA and assign USA types. Results: The prevalence of MSSA and MRSA in humans was 21.5% (126/586) and 5.63% (33/586), respectively, and 7.85% (46/586) and 3.41% (20/586), respectively, in pets. There were no differences in prevalences of either MSSA or MRSA between household types. The proportion of MRSA among all S. aureus isolates in humans and pets was 20.8% (33/159) and 30.3% (20/66), respectively. In <1.0% (4/586) of households, the same strain of MRSA was found in both a person and a pet. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: There were no differences in the prevalences of MSSA or MRSA between healthcare worker and nonhealthcare worker households. Pets and people colonized with S. aureus were as likely to be colonized with MRSA. Colonization of a person and their pet with the same strain of MRSA was rare. [source]

A Comparison of Income and Expenditure Inequality Estimates: The Australian Evidence, 1975,76 to 1993,94

THE AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 4 2000
Paul Blacklow
Using Australian unit record data this paper compares income and expenditure inequalities over the period 1975,76 to 1993,94. The study finds inconsistencies between the two inequality movements over much of this period. We also observe differences in the nature of income and consumption disparities. Both approaches show that the ,within group' inequality dominates the ,between group' component when the population is divided into household types. The inequality estimates are sensitive to the equivalence scale used as the household size deflator but not to the cost of living index used as the price deflator. [source]