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Host Source (host + source)
Selected AbstractsHepatozoon americanum: an emerging disease in the south-central/southeastern United StatesJOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 1 2010Thomas M. Potter DVM Abstract Objective , To review the clinical epidemiologic and pathophysiologic aspects of Hepatozoon americanum infection in dogs. Data Sources , Data from veterinary literature were reviewed through Medline and CAB as well as manual search of references listed in articles pertaining to American canine hepatozoonosis. Veterinary Data Synthesis , H. americanum is an emerging disease in endemic areas of the United States. It is vital that practitioners in these areas become familiar with the clinical syndrome of hepatozoonosis and the diagnostic modalities that can be utilized to document the presence of infection. Additionally, veterinarians must understand the epidemiology of the disease in order to better prevent infections in their veterinary patients. Recent data have been published that shed new light on transmission of H. americanum to dogs; however, much remains unknown regarding patterns of infection and the natural vertebrate host source. Conclusions , While the prognosis for untreated H. americanum remains poor, for patients in which the disease is recognized and properly treated the outcome is favorable. Understanding the complex life cycle, numerous clinical symptoms, and treatment protocol will assist veterinarians who are treating patients with hepatozoonosis. [source] Host selection by Anopheles arabiensis and An. quadriannulatus feeding on cattle in ZimbabweMEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 2 2002A. Prior Abstract In the Zambezi valley, mosquito females of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex (Diptera: Culicidae) were collected from a hut containing pairs of cattle distinguishable by known DNA markers. DNA was extracted from the blood-fed mosquito abdomens and primer sets for ungulate and mosquito DNA loci were used to identify the mosquito sibling species and individual host source(s) of their bloodmeals. The 67 mosquitoes comprised a mixture of An. arabiensis Patton (31%) and An. quadriannulatus Theobald (69%). DNA from one or both of the cattle present in the hut was detected in 91% of samples. When the hut contained an adult and a calf, the percentage of bloodmeals from the adult, the calf and adult + calf were 58%, 27% and 15%, respectively; the trend towards meals from the adult host was consistent but not always significant. When the pair of cattle comprised two adults of roughly equal size and age, then mosquitoes generally showed no significant bias towards feeding from one individual. There was no significant difference in the pattern of host selection made by An. arabiensis and An. quadriannulatus but the former had a significantly higher percentage (20%) of mixed meals than An. quadriannulatus (9%). These two members of the An. gambiae complex appear to be less selective in their choice of cattle hosts compared to day-active Diptera such as tsetse and Stomoxys, possibly because the hosts are generally asleep when Anopheles are active and there is therefore less selective pressure to adapt to host defensive behaviour. The slight bias of Anopheles towards older and/or larger cattle may be related to the host's larger surface area. [source] The use of ribotyping and antibiotic resistance patterns for identification of host sources of Escherichia coli strainsLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2005M. Samadpour Abstract Aims:, To compare antibiotic resistance and ribotyping patterns ability to identify triplicate isolates sent from a group of 40 Escherichia coli taken from seven host sources. Methods and Results:, Of the 120 isolates, 22 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim and 98 isolates were susceptible. Antibiotic patterns identified 33 of the triplicates and three of the six groups had isolates from multiple hosts. Ribotyping divided the isolates into 27 ribotype groups with all triplicates grouped into the same ribotype group with one host per group. Conclusions:, Antibiotic susceptibility pattern placed 98 of the isolates in a single group with 50% of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern groups containing multiple host species. Ribotyping groups were host specific with each host having one to seven ribotype groups. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Antibiotic susceptibility pattern groups have been used for environmental source identification and faecal pollution tracking, however these groups do not always distinguish between host species. Stability of the markers is a potential concern and this system can only be used if antibiotic resistance levels are high in the isolates studied. All isolates have a ribotype group which was stable and like other molecular methods has advantages over antibiotic susceptibility pattern groups which uses a phenotypic method. [source] | ||||||||||