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Hormone Analogues (hormone + analogue)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	60%

Kinds of Hormone Analogues

hormone-releasing hormone analogue

luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue

Selected Abstracts

Methoprene modulates the effect of diet on male melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, performance at mating aggregations

ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA, Issue 1 2010
Ihsan ul Haq
Abstract The effect of access to dietary protein (P) (hydrolyzed yeast) and/or treatment with a juvenile hormone analogue, methoprene (M), (in addition to sugar and water) on male aggregation (lekking) behaviour and mating success was studied in a laboratory strain of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Six-day-old males were treated with (1) protein and methoprene (M+P+), (2) only protein (M,P+), or (3) only methoprene (M+P,), and compared with 14-day-old sexually mature untreated males (M,P,). The lekking behaviour of the four groups of males when competing for virgin sexually mature females (14,,16 days old) was observed in field cages. The following parameters were measured at male aggregations: lek initiation, lek participation, males calling, male,male interaction, female acceptance index, and mating success. For all these parameters, the M+P+ males significantly outperformed the other males. Moreover, for all parameters, there was a similar trend with M+P+ > M,P+ > M,P, > M+P,. More M+P+ males called and initiated and participated in lek activities than all other types of male, which resulted in higher mating success. They had also fewer unsuccessful copulation attempts than their counterparts. Whereas treatment with methoprene alone had a negative effect in young males with only access to sugar, access to dietary protein alone significantly improved young male sexual performance; moreover, the provision of methoprene together with protein had a synergistic effect, improving further male performance at leks. The results are of great relevance for enhancing the application of the sterile insect technique (SIT) against this pest species. The fact that access to dietary protein and treatment of sterile males with methoprene improves mating success means that SIT cost-effectiveness is increased, as more released males survive to sexual maturity. [source]

Diagnostic value of serum prostate-specific antigen in hemodialysis patients

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 5 2003
MASAHIRO SUMURA
Abstract Background: The value of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening was examined to detect prostate cancer in men receiving hemodialysis. Methods: Forty-one male patients age 60,95 (median age, 70 years) receiving hemodialysis were investigated for PSA levels. We set the cut-off point at 4 ng/mL (the usual reference range). Digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) of the prostate were performed in patients whose PSA was more than 4 ng/mL and/or who expected further examination of the prostate. When prostate cancer was suspected, biopsy of the prostate was performed. In patients with prostate cancer, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and bone scintigraphy were performed to diagnose the clinical stage. Results: The mean serum level of PSA was 2.10 ± 0.49 ng/mL. In this screening study, four of 41 men required further examinations for prostate cancer. Two of four refused further examinations. The other two were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The incidence of prostate cancer was at least 5% in our hemodialysis patients. One man, whose clinical stage was T2aN0M0, was treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy. Another man, whose clinical stage was T2bN0M0, was treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue. Conclusion: In our preliminary study, prostate cancer screening with PSA was useful for the early detection of prostate cancer in hemodialysis patients. If possible, DRE and TRUS should be performed in conjunction with PSA tests. [source]

Induced ovulation of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) using a combination of a gonadotrop-releasing hormone analogue and domperidone

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 8 2010
Youji Wang
Abstract The effects of an intraperitoneal hormone injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (D-Ala6, Pro9 -NEt GnRHa) alone or in combination with a dopamine antagonist, domperidone (DOM), on ovulation induction in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were tested. The hormone treatments were as follows: 6 mg kg,1 body weight (BW) of carp pituitary extract as a positive control, GnRHa 10, 20, 40 and 80 ,g kg,1 BW and a combination of GnRHa and DOM as follows: 10 ,g+5 mg, 20 ,g+10 mg, 40 ,g+20 mg and 80 ,g+40 mg kg,1 BW. Physiological saline (0.7% NaCl) was used as a negative control. Significant differences in the ovulation ratio, latency period and ovulation index (OI) were observed among treatments (P<0.05). The combination of GnRHa and DOM at doses of 40 ,g+20 mg kg,1 BW had higher values of the ovulation ratio and OI, and a shorter latency period compared with other treatments. The highest OI in GnRHa treatments was only 56.67%, suggesting a dopaminergic tone on gonadotropin secretion in this fish at the pre-ovulatory stage. Therefore, ovulation can be successfully induced in yellow catfish with 40 ,g kg,1 GnRHa+20 mg kg,1 DOM without affecting the egg quality. [source]

Increase in milt production by hormonal treatment in the pejerrey fish Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes 1835)

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 15 2005
Leandro A Miranda
Abstract In spite of interest in the cultivation of the pejerrey fish Odontesthes bonariensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835), there are few studies on subjects required to advance this activity. One of the problems is the synchronization of female and male maturation to provide eggs and sperm for larval production. The low volume of expressible milt, either in wild or culture fish, is a major problem. The aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of the administration of different hormones on sperm production in pejerrey. Milt production was enhanced by the injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (16.7-fold increase, 625 IU kg,1), carp pituitary extracts (13.5-fold increase, 30 mg kg,1), salmon pituitary extracts (12.8-fold increase, 30 mg kg,1), salmon-type gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH) (16.7-fold increase, 10 ,g kg,1) and mammalian-type GnRH analogue (10.8-fold increase, 20 ,g kg,1). Sperm concentration, motility and the fertilization rate were not statistically different compared with control groups. It was also demonstrated that sperm could be obtained off-season. Taken together, hCG is recommended to stimulate pejerrey spermiation because it is effective in low doses is inexpensive and is widely available. [source]

Capture and handling stress affects the endocrine and ovulatory response to exogenous hormone treatment in snapper, Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider)

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 11 2002
J J Cleary
Abstract Sexually mature female hatchery-reared snapper, Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider) were captured from sea cages by handline and injected at first capture (control) or 24 h after capture, transport and subsequent confinement (delayed injection) with either saline, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue, human chorionic gonadotropin, or 17,-hydroxyprogesterone. Blood was sampled before hormone treatment and again after 168 h, and fish were checked daily for ovulation. Plasma levels of 17,-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), 17,, 20, dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17, 20,P) and cortisol were determined by radioimmunoassay. The ovulatory response was assessed from the proportion of fish ovulating, ovulation volume, egg quality and fertility. A delay in injection resulted in significantly lower plasma E2 and T levels in response to hormone treatment, smaller ovulation volumes, and poorer egg quality than in control fish. The results are consistent with the generally inhibitory effects of stress on reproduction in fish, and confirm the requirement to treat fish with hormones designed to induce ovulation, as soon as possible after capture and disturbance. [source]

Inefficacy of topical thyroid hormone analogue TriAc in plaque psoriasis: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2004
A. Vahlquist
Summary Background, Thyroid hormone receptors are expressed in human skin and are believed to be involved in the regulation of epidermal proliferation and differentiation, i.e. processes which are disturbed in psoriatic skin lesions. Ligands of the thyroid hormone receptors have so far not been tested as antipsoriatic agents. TriAc (3,3,,5-triiodo-thyroacetic acid) is a well-known thyroid hormone analogue with much reduced cardiac thyrotoxic activity compared with the classical thyroid hormones. Objectives, To determine the effectivness and side-effects of topical TriAc in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Methods, Twelve patients with mild to moderate psoriasis were treated with TriAc (0·1% in hydrophilic ointment) and placebo applied twice daily to either of two (or several) bilaterally symmetrical plaques for 8 weeks. The patients and investigator were blinded as to the content of the tubes. Every 2 weeks the treated plaques were evaluated by the patient (using a balanced visual analogue scale for a right,left comparison) and by the investigator (using a psoriasis severity index and a global assessment of each plaque). Results, After 8 weeks of treatment, more than 33% improvement of the psoriasis index occurred in 10 of 12 TriAc-treated and nine of 12 placebo-treated plaques. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatments in terms of reduction of the scores for erythema, scaling, induration or pruritus during the study. Half of the patients considered TriAc superior to placebo, whereas three of 12 were of the opposite opinion (P > 0·05). The global assessment showed marked improvement or remission in six TriAc-treated and five placebo-treated cases (P > 0·05 for difference). No adverse effects were noted. Conclusions, TriAc in the dosage and formulation studied was safe but no more effective than placebo in treating plaque psoriasis. However, newer thyroid hormone analogues (agonists or antagonists) might be more active and should be further explored in this context. [source]

Anti-androgens increase N-terminal pro-BNP levels in men with prostate cancer

CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 1 2008
Frances Dockery
Summary Objective, The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anti-androgens on left ventricular (LV) function and levels of N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a sensitive cardiac risk marker, in men with prostate cancer as these are widely used drugs in this condition, and evidence suggests that endogenous androgens are cardioprotective in men. Design and patients, Forty-three men (mean age 70·7 ± 6·2 years) with prostate cancer were randomized to goserelin (an LH-releasing hormone analogue) or bicalutamide (an androgen-receptor blocker) for 6 months; 20 men with a history of prostate cancer on no treatment were studied in parallel. Results, Mean changes in testosterone and oestradiol, respectively, from baseline to 6 months were ,88% and ,46% with goserelin, +50% and +44% with bicalutamide, and ,1% and ,9% for the ,no-treatment' group. Bicalutamide significantly increased NT-proBNP from baseline to 3 and 6 months (median value at baseline, 3 and 6 months: 55, 101 and 118 ng/l, respectively). Goserelin caused a significant increase from baseline to 3 months but not to 6 months (median value at baseline, 3 and 6 months: 66, 87 and 72 ng/l, respectively). No significant changes occurred in the ,no-treatment' cohort (median value at baseline 3 and 6 months: 60, 53 and 60 ng/l, respectively). No significant changes in LV function, blood pressure (BP), body mass index or waist,hip ratio occurred to account for the changes in NT-proBNP. Conclusion, Androgen receptor blockade and, to a lesser extent, androgen suppression cause an increase in NT-pro-BNP in men with prostate cancer. The significance is not clear but could imply an adverse effect on cardiovascular risk following hormonal manipulation. [source]

Sequencing of Hormonal Therapy in Breast Cancer

THE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 6 2002
James N. Ingle MD
Hormonal therapy plays an integral role in the management of the majority of women with breast cancer who can be considered to have hormone-dependent breast cancer because of the presence of the molecular predictive markers, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Numerous hormonal agents are available from multiple classes of drugs, including selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, progestins, androgens, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues. Multiple clinical trials involving these agents have been conducted which permit an evidence-based approach to the development of a sequencing strategy for treatment of women with breast cancer. [source]

Effect of different synthetic gonadotrop-releasing hormone analogues and their combinations with an anti-dopaminergic compound on the reproduction performance of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.)

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009
András Rónyai
Abstract In this study, three synthetic gonadotrop-releasing hormones (GnRH) (azagly-nafarelin; des-Gly10 -(d -Ala6)-LH-RH; and des-Gly10 -(d -Phe6)-LH-RH) either alone or in combination with metoclopramide were used to induce reproduction of sterlet. The GnRH analogues were applied in a single dose of 40 ,g kg,1 of female and 20 ,g kg,1 of male body weight. Metoclopramid was administered in a simultaneous injection of 10 and 5 mg kg,1 of body weight for females and males respectively. There were no significant differences in the ovulatory responses of females; ovulation rates varied between 57% and 80%, and at the temperature of 15.5,16.0 °C about 30,34 h were required for final maturation, when eggs of 17.3±1.3% of body weight were stripped. However, the fertilization rates of the des-Gly10 -(d -Phe6)-LH-RH-treated groups were significantly lower than that in the other treatment. In males, the combination of the above peptidergic hormones with metoclopramide gave significantly better results than their single application. The results demonstrate that the final stage of gamete maturation in sterlet may be achieved by several hormonal means. The possibility of using new GnRH analogues without dopamine antagonists yields new perspectives for induced breeding of sturgeons, which have particular importance in the light of meat and roe (caviar) production for human consumption. [source]

Teriparatide (Biosynthetic Human Parathyroid Hormone 1,34): A New Paradigm in the Treatment of Osteoporosis

BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 6 2004
Kim T. Brixen
Biosynthetic human parathyroid hormone 1,34 (teriparatide) was recently approved in the EU and the USA as the first anabolic treatment of osteoporosis. The effects of teriparatide are mediated by the G-protein-dependent, parathyroid hormone receptor-1 in the cell membrane. The binding of the ligand to the receptor activates adenylate cyclase and a number of phospholipases (A, C, and D) and increases intracellular levels of cAMP and calcium. Intermittent teriparatide increases the number of osteoblasts and bone formation by activation of pre-existing osteoblasts, increased differentiation of lining cells, and reduced osteoblast apoptosis. Anabolic effects of teriparatide on bone have been demonstrated in several species. It increases bone mass, structural integrity, bone diameter, and bone strength. Clinical efficacy was demonstrated in a randomized study comprising 1637 post-menopausal women with osteoporosis showing a 65% and 35% reduction of the relative risk of vertebral and appendicular fractures, respectively, during 18 months of treatment. Moreover, bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and hip increased by 9.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Similar effects on bone mineral density have been reported in men with osteoporosis and in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, however, fracture data are limited in these groups. Direct comparison with alendronate revealed that teriparatide has a more pronounced effect on bone mineral density. Teriparatide should be used in combination with calcium plus vitamin D, and may be combined with hormonal replacement therapy. In contrast, alendronate attenuates the effect of teriparatide. The efficacy of other combinations remains uncertain. After termination of teriparatide, bone mineral density of the lumbar spine is reduced by approximately 2,3% after 2 1/2 years. This decrease is prevented by treatment with bisphosphonates. The most frequent adverse effects with teriparatide are nausea, headache, dizziness, and leg cramps, however, only the latter two differed significantly between the groups receiving teriparatide 20 ,g/day and placebo. In the pivotal clinical study, reduced dosage or termination of therapy due to hypercalcaemia was necessary in 3% and 0.2%, respectively. In a rat toxicology study, in which teriparatide was administered in high dosages for an extended period of time, osteosarcoma was seen in a significant number of animals. However, none of the approximately 2800 patients in clinical trials has developed osteosarcoma. Teriparatide constitutes a break-through in the treatment of severe osteoporosis, although a number of issues about the optimal use of teriparatide remains unsettled. The published data provide proof of concept on anabolic therapy which changes several paradigms of bone physiology. Other parathyroid hormone analogues are being investigated in clinical trials and the development of non-peptide, small molecules targeted at the parathyroid hormone receptor may be envisaged. [source]

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues and hormone ablation for prostate cancer: state of the art

BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2007
Andrew V. Schally
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Short-term outcome after high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of patients with high-risk prostate cancer

BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2006
Vincenzo Ficarra
OBJECTIVE To assess the short-term outcome in patients with high-risk prostate cancer treated by transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). PATIENTS AND METHODS From April 2003 to November 2004, 30 patients with high-risk prostate cancer were enrolled in this prospective study; all had transurethral resection of the prostate before transrectal HIFU treatment, using the Ablatherm device (EDAP, Lyon, France) during the same session, associated with hormonal therapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues. After the procedure, all the patients were evaluated every 3 months by physical examination, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay and a continence questionnaire. The follow-up schedule also included a transperineal prostate biopsy 6 months after the treatment. All the patients had a minimum follow-up of 12 months. RESULTS The HIFU treatment took a median (interquartile range, IQR) of 140 (100,160) min. No complications were reported during treatment. The mean (IQR) hospitalization was 2.2 (1,4) days, and the suprapubic drainage tube was removed after 12 (7,18) days. The complications after treatment were: urinary tract infections in five patients (16%), stenosis of the intraprostatic and membranous urethra in three (10%), and secondary infravesical obstruction in four (13%). At 12 months after the procedure, 28 patients (93%) were continent. Seven of the 30 men (23%) had a positive prostate biopsy. At the 1-year follow-up only three of the 30 patients with high-risk prostate cancer had a PSA level of >0.3 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS HIFU is a modern, minimally invasive therapy for prostate cancer, often used in selected patients with localized disease. The present results show that HIFU was also feasible in patients with high-risk prostate cancer. The low complication rates and favourable functional outcome support the planning of further larger studies in such patients. The oncological efficacy of HIFU should be assessed in further studies with a longer follow-up. [source]

Inefficacy of topical thyroid hormone analogue TriAc in plaque psoriasis: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Breast cancer in men in the United States,

CANCER, Issue 15 2010
A population-based study of diagnosis, survival, treatment
Abstract BACKGROUND: Breast cancer in men is rare, so clinical trials are not practical. Recommendations suggest treating men who are diagnosed with breast cancer using the guidelines for postmenopausal women; however, to date, no population-based studies have evaluated patterns of care. METHODS: To examine characteristics, treatment, and survival among men with newly diagnosed breast cancer, in 2003 and 2004, 512 men were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. Data were reabstracted and therapy was verified through the patients' treating physicians. RESULTS: The majority of men (79%) were diagnosed through discovery of a breast lump or other signs/symptoms. Among men who had invasive disease, 86% underwent mastectomy, 37% received chemotherapy, and 58% received hormone therapy. In multivariate analysis, tumor size (P = .01) and positive lymph node status (P < .0001) were associated positively with the use of chemotherapy, whereas age group (P < .0001) and current unmarried status (P = .01) had negative associations. Among men who had invasive, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/borderline tumors, the use of tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors (AIs) was associated with age group (P = .05). Among men who had invasive disease, cancer mortality was associated with tumor size (P < .0001). Among men with ER-positive/borderline disease, increased cancer mortality was associated with tumor size (P < .0001), current unmarried status (P = .04), and decreased mortality with tamoxifen (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor characteristics and marital status were the primary predictors of therapy and cancer mortality among men with breast cancer. Although AIs are not currently recommended, they are commonly prescribed. However, their use did not result in a decrease in cancer mortality. Research must examine the efficacy of AIs with and without gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society. [source]

Photocaged Agonist for an Analogue-Specific form of the Vitamin D Receptor

CHEMBIOCHEM, Issue 7 2007
John B. Biggins Dr.
Abstract Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) represent a diverse class of ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators. NHRs that have been rendered functionally inactive due to mutations that abrogate proper ligand binding can often be rescued by appropriately designed hormone analogues. The analogue-specific receptor,ligand pairs provide an ideal platform from which to develop new chemogenomic tools for the spatial and temporal control of gene expression. Here, we describe the synthesis and in vitro assessment of a photocaged VDR agonist specific to a mutant NHR that is associated with vitamin D-resistant rickets. The results provide insight into the utility of the agonist as a potential tool for photoinduced gene patterning. [source]