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Hormonal Manipulation (hormonal + manipulation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	90%

Selected Abstracts

External auditory canal eccrine spiradenocarcinoma: A case report and review of literature

HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 6 2003
Tanya K. Meyer MD
Abstract Background. Eccrine spiradenocarcinoma is a rare dermal appendage carcinoma believed to arise from transformation of a long-standing benign spiradenoma. This tumor demonstrates highly malignant biologic behavior with a high recurrence rate, frequent lymph node metastases, and overall poor survival. Methods. We report the first case of eccrine spiradenocarcinoma arising in the external auditory canal. The management of this tumor, its histopathologic characteristics, and a review of literature are presented. Results. A literature review identified 17 cases of eccrine spiradenocarcinoma in the head and neck region. Local recurrence occurred in 58.8% of patients, with an average of 23 months from diagnosis. Lymph node metastasis occurred in 35.3%, with an average of 31 months from diagnosis. Other metastatic sites included skin, bone, and lung. Disease-specific mortality was 22.2%. Conclusions. Eccrine spiradenocarcinoma is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Primary treatment should include wide local excision with or without regional lymphadenectomy. Isolated successful treatments have been documented with adjuvant hormonal manipulation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 505,510, 2003 [source]

Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery: a review of present results and future prospects

HPB, Issue 4 2010
Omer S. Al-Taan
Abstract Pancreatic surgery is still associated with a relatively high morbidity and mortality compared with other specialties. This is a result of the complex nature of the organ, the difficult access as a result of the retroperitoneal position and the number of technically challenging anastomoses required. Nevertheless, the past two decades have witnessed a steady improvement in morbidity and a decrease in mortality achieved through alterations of technique (particularly relating to the pancreatic anastomoses) together with hormonal manipulation to decrease pancreatic secretions. Recently minimally invasive pancreatic surgery has been attempted by several centres around the world which has stimulated considerable interest in this approach. The majority of the cases attempted have been distal pancreatectomies, because of the more straightforward nature of the resection and the lack of a pancreatic ductal anastomosis, but more recently reports of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy have started to appear. The reports of the series to date have been difficult to interpret and although the results are claimed to be equivalent or better than those associated with a traditional approach a careful examination of the literature and comparison with the best results previously reported does not presently support this. In the present review we examined all the reports of pancreatic procedures performed laparoscopically and compared the results with those previously achieved at open surgery. [source]

Water diffusion in the different microenvironments of breast cancer

NMR IN BIOMEDICINE, Issue 4 2004
Yael Paran
Abstract The parameters that characterize the intricate water diffusion in tumors may serve to reveal their distinct pathology. Specifically, the application of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can aid in characterizing breast cancer, as well as monitoring response to therapy. We present here a non-invasive, quantitative MRI investigation, at high spatial resolution, of water diffusion in hormonal dependent MCF7 breast tumors implanted orthotopically in immunodeficient mice. Distinctive MRI protocols were designed in this study, utilizing a broad range of diffusion times and diffusion gradient strengths. Application of these protocols allowed water diffusion in the tissue extracellular and intracellular compartments to be distinguished, and the effect of restricted diffusion and water exchange on the water diffusion in these compartments to be evaluated. Pixel-by-pixel analysis yielded parametric maps of the estimated volume fraction and apparent diffusion coefficient of each compartment. The diffusion of the water in the extracellular microenvironment was approximately two fold slower than that of free water, and in the intracellular compartment was about one order of magnitude slower than that of free water and demonstrated restriction of water diffusion at long diffusion times. Mapping of the water fraction in each compartment was further employed to monitor changes during tumor progression and to assess tumor response to hormonal manipulation with a new antiestrogenic drug, tamoxifen methiodide (TMI). It was found that, in parallel to the growth arrest by this drug, the volume fraction of the slowly diffusing water increased, suggesting a TMI-induced cell swelling. This study can serve as a basis for extending diffusion breast MRI in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Follicle Wave Growth in Cattle

REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 4 2002
M Mihm
Contents Ovarian follicle growth in cattle culminates in the selection of a single dominant follicle which attains the ability for final maturation and ovulation once or twice during the luteal phase and at the end of the oestrous cycle, as well as during other reproductive states. This review will describe in detail the first follicle wave of the cycle leading to selection of the first wave dominant follicle, indicating the specific gonadotrophin dependencies of cohort and dominant follicles, and relating follicle fate to steroidogenesis. As a differential gonadotrophin response of growing antral follicles during the follies-stimulating hormone (FSH) decline may determine which follicle becomes selected, first wave follicles are also characterized in relation to intrafollicular growth factors, which may modify the gonadotrophin response, such as inhibins and members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family. Subsequently, the follicular control of the transient FSH rise and decline so crucial to dominant follicle selection will be discussed. It is concluded that successful hormonal manipulation of follicle wave growth and dominant follicle selection will depend on our detailed understanding of the gonadotrophin requirements of differentiating wave follicles. [source]

Does hormonal manipulation in conjunction with permanent interstitial brachytherapy, with or without supplemental external beam irradiation, improve the biochemical outcome for men with intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer?

BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2003
G.S. Merrick
OBJECTIVE To determine whether hormonal manipulation improves the biochemical outcome for men with intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer and undergoing permanent brachytherapy with or without supplemental external beam radiation therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS From April 1995 to August 2000, 350 patients with intermediate-risk (225 men; a Gleason score of , 7 or a prostate specific antigen, PSA, level of , 10 ng/mL or clinical stage , T2b) or high-risk features (125 men; two or three of a Gleason score of , 7 or PSA , 10 ng/mL or clinical stage , T2b) underwent transperineal ultrasonography-guided permanent brachytherapy. No patient underwent pathological lymph node staging. Of these patients, 293 received supplemental external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), 141 received hormonal manipulation, with 82 having hormonal therapy for , 4 months (median 4) for cytoreduction, while 59 had neoadjuvant and adjuvant hormonal manipulation (median 8 and 12 months for intermediate- and high-risk, respectively). The median patient age was 68.5 years. No patient was lost to follow-up. The mean (sd) and median follow-up was 50 (18) and 49 months (calculated from the day of implantation). Biochemical disease-free (BDF) survival was defined using a consensus definition. The clinical variables evaluated for BDF survival included risk group, Gleason score, patient age, clinical T-stage and pretreatment PSA. Treatment variables included use of hormonal manipulation stratified into cytoreductive (, 4 months) vs adjuvant (> 4 months) regimens, supplemental EBRT, isotope and dosimetric variables. RESULTS For intermediate-risk patients, the 6-year actuarial BDF survival rates were 98%, 96% and 100% for hormone naïve, cytoreductive and adjuvant treatment, respectively (P = 0.693); for high-risk patients the respective values were 79%, 94% and 92% (P = 0.046). When stratified by pretreatment PSA, hormonal manipulation improved the outcome for patients with a PSA of , 10 ng/mL (P = 0.019), but not for those with < 10 ng/mL (P = 0.661). Hormonal status was not statistically significant in predicting biochemical outcome when stratified by Gleason score. The follow-up in hormone-naïve patients was significantly longer than that in hormonally manipulated patients, at 55 (20) vs 43 (15) months (P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis only the Gleason score predicted failure in intermediate-risk patients, while pretreatment PSA, the use of hormonal manipulation and Gleason score predicted the outcome in high-risk patients (P = 0.035). For both hormone-naïve and hormonally manipulated BDF patients, the median PSA level after implantation was < 0.1 ng/mL. CONCLUSION In patients treated by permanent prostate brachytherapy, hormonal manipulation improved the biochemical outcome for those at high-risk and those with an initial PSA of , 10 ng/mL, but not for those with intermediate-risk features. The use of hormonal therapy for> 4 months conferred no additional biochemical advantage over short-course regimens. Because the follow-up in hormone-naïve patients was longer than that for those receiving hormonal manipulation, additional follow-up will be mandatory to confirm the durability of these findings. [source]

Sex Hormone Dependency of Diethylnitrosamine-induced Liver Tumors in Mice and Chemoprevention by Leuprorelin

CANCER SCIENCE, Issue 3 2001
Tamaki Nakatani
The prevalence of liver tumors throughout the world makes it imperative to seek chemopreventive agents. This tumor appears to be hormone-responsive and hormonal manipulations may therefore be beneficial. On this basis, both sexes of 12-day-old B6C3FJ mice were injected i.p. with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at the dose of 2.5 ,g/g body weight and observed for 32 weeks (males) or 36 weeks (females). In 100% of male mice, liver tumors were observed with an average diameter of 2.72 mm and multiplicity of 60.8. Orchidectomy at 6 weeks of age in these mice inhibited the incidence, multiplicity and size to 63%, 5.6 and 1.54 mm, respectively. By further implantation with an E2 pellet at monthly intervals, these parameters were reduced to 26%, 0.6 and 0.61 mm, respectively. Administration of a gonadotropin-blocking chemical, leuprorelin, to DEN-treated male mice significantly reduced the multiplicity and size of tumors to 18.3 and 2.54 mm (P<0.01 compared to those of DEN only). In female mice, the incidence of liver tumor was significantly smaller than that of males. However, ovariectomy and/or testosterone supplement significantly increased the occurrence of liver tumor. An anti-estrogen, toremifene, caused a marked further decrease of liver tumors. Mitotic indices with bromodeoxyuridine in tumor tissues paralleled the occurrence of liver tumors. Serum testosterone levels were significantly reduced by orchidectomy or by leuprorelin administration. These results further confirm that liver tumor is testosterone-responsive and hormonal manipulation by surgical orchidectomy or by chemical orchidectomy i.e. by leuprorelin, could substantially prevent the appearance of liver tumors. [source]

Anti-androgens increase N-terminal pro-BNP levels in men with prostate cancer

CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 1 2008
Frances Dockery
Summary Objective, The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anti-androgens on left ventricular (LV) function and levels of N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a sensitive cardiac risk marker, in men with prostate cancer as these are widely used drugs in this condition, and evidence suggests that endogenous androgens are cardioprotective in men. Design and patients, Forty-three men (mean age 70·7 ± 6·2 years) with prostate cancer were randomized to goserelin (an LH-releasing hormone analogue) or bicalutamide (an androgen-receptor blocker) for 6 months; 20 men with a history of prostate cancer on no treatment were studied in parallel. Results, Mean changes in testosterone and oestradiol, respectively, from baseline to 6 months were ,88% and ,46% with goserelin, +50% and +44% with bicalutamide, and ,1% and ,9% for the ,no-treatment' group. Bicalutamide significantly increased NT-proBNP from baseline to 3 and 6 months (median value at baseline, 3 and 6 months: 55, 101 and 118 ng/l, respectively). Goserelin caused a significant increase from baseline to 3 months but not to 6 months (median value at baseline, 3 and 6 months: 66, 87 and 72 ng/l, respectively). No significant changes occurred in the ,no-treatment' cohort (median value at baseline 3 and 6 months: 60, 53 and 60 ng/l, respectively). No significant changes in LV function, blood pressure (BP), body mass index or waist,hip ratio occurred to account for the changes in NT-proBNP. Conclusion, Androgen receptor blockade and, to a lesser extent, androgen suppression cause an increase in NT-pro-BNP in men with prostate cancer. The significance is not clear but could imply an adverse effect on cardiovascular risk following hormonal manipulation. [source]

The sexually dimorphic expression of L7/SPA, an estrogen receptor coactivator, in zebra finch telencephalon

DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 14 2007
Kelli A. Duncan
Abstract Sex differences in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) brain are robust and include differences in morphology (song control nuclei in males are significantly larger) and behavior (only males sing courtship songs). In zebra finches, hormonal manipulations during development fail to reverse sex differences in song nuclei size and suggest that the classical model of sexual differentiation is incomplete for birds. Coactivators act to initiate transcriptional activity of steroid receptors, and may help explain why hormonal manipulations alone are not sufficient to demasculinize the male zebra finch brain. The present study investigated the expression and localization of L7/SPA (an estrogen receptor coactivator) mRNA and protein expression across the development of zebra finch song nuclei from males and females collected on P1 (song nuclei not yet formed), P10 (posthatch day 10, song nuclei formed), P30 (30 days posthatch, sexually immature but song nuclei formed and birds learning to sing), and adult birds (older than 65 days and sexually mature). Northern blot analysis showed a significant sex difference in P1 and adult L7/SPA mRNA expression while Western blot analysis also showed enhanced expression in the male brain at all age points. Both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that L7/SPA mRNA and protein were located in the song nuclei as well as expressed globally. Elevated coactivator expression may be a possible mechanism controlling the development of male song control nuclei, and coactivators such as L7/SPA may be important regulators of the masculinizing effects of estradiol on brain sexual differentiation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007. [source]