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Hormonal Abnormalities (hormonal + abnormality)
Selected AbstractsClinical and metabolic evaluation of subjects with erectile dysfunction: a review with a proposal flowchartINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, Issue 3 2009C. Foresta Summary Erectile function is a haemodynamic phenomenon depending on the integrity of neurological, vascular, endocrinological, tissue (corpora cavernosa), psychological and relational factors; changes in any one of these components may lead to erectile dysfunction (ED). ED and its comorbid conditions share common risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and metabolic and hormonal abnormalities. Furthermore, although cross-sectional studies have shown a clear age-dependent association between ED, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases, longitudinal evidence has recently emphasized that ED could be an early marker of these conditions. Recently, the European Association of Urology and American Urology Association provided consensus guidelines for the management of ED patients. However, the metabolic aspect of ED is rather neglected or not sufficiently treated. In this study, more emphasis will be placed on the presence of ED comorbid metabolic factors. The primary and secondary goals of therapy, according to current guidelines and to prevent their clinical evolution, will also be provided. We review the concepts of metabolic diseases related to ED and their treatment. Criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism, metabolic and vascular disease related to ED were analysed. ED can mark the starting point for the evaluation and prevention of significant severe diseases (such as diabetes, MetS, dyslipidaemia, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, ischaemic cardiopathy, neuropathy, etc.) hitherto unknown by the patients. Most widely used criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases were reported. We suggest a clinical approach which allows the identification of metabolic and others systemic pathologies contributing to the development of ED. This approach may constitute an improvement in disease prognosis and either induce a spontaneous reduction of ED or facilitate its specific therapy. [source] Effect of hypothyroidism on the nitrergic relaxant responses of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle in rabbitsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 1 2006BULENT SARAC Background:, The incidence of hormonal dysfunction as a cause of impotence remains controversial. However, several recent studies have reported evidence of hormonal abnormalities in 25,35% of impotent men. Hypothyroidism has been reported to occur in 6% of impotent men. Methods:, In the present study, we examined nitrergic responses in hypothyroidism in rabbit corpus cavernosum and compared them with controls. Results:, Carbachol-induced relaxation responses and electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced frequency-dependent relaxations decreased significantly in hypothyroid rabbits. Papaverine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation responses did not change significantly in hypothyroid rabbits. The contraction responses of phenylephrine and EFS-induced frequency-dependent contractions were significantly decreased in the hypothyroid group. Conclusions:, We can speculate that the reduction of relaxant responses to EFS and carbachol in hypothyroid rabbits can depend on a decreased release of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrergic nerves and endothelium or a reduction of muscarinic receptor density. Also, decreases in contraction responses may depend on diminished adrenoceptor density. [source] Pituitary disease , perspectives of patients and partnersJOURNAL OF NURSING AND HEALTHCARE OF CHRONIC ILLNE SS: AN INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009FRCNA, Trisha Dunning AM Aim. To explore experiences of pituitary disease of people with pituitary disease (PD) and their partners (PT). Background. Pituitary disease encompasses a range of hormonal abnormalities that produce a variety of signs and symptoms depending on the underlying cause. Design. A triangulated exploratory study. Methods. The study was conducted in three phases: (a) non-participant monitoring of an Internet pituitary chat room over four months; (b) in-depth structured interviews with PD attending a pituitary outpatient clinic (n = 8) and PT (n = 6), (c) focus groups (n = 12). Data were collected in 2005. Results. Four themes emerged from the discussion in each phase: ,need to be normal', ,emotional merry-go-round', ,damage to the self', and ,doctor ignorance'. Symptoms of pituitary disease were often mistaken for sinusitis, ,getting old before my time', hypochondria, stress, and ,something sinister changing the way I look'. Time to diagnosis varied from four weeks to 15 years. PD felt included in decision-making but partners relied on PD for information. Body image changes were significant making PD feel like a ,freak show for medical students' and the emotional distress persisted after treatment and ,cure'. The word ,tumour' caused significant stress and anxiety and depression was common. PD and PT felt general practitioners (GP) lacked information about pituitary disease. Conclusions. Pituitary disease has a major impact on psychological well-being. PD but not PT felt involved in decisions about their management. GPs may need more education about pituitary disease. The study adds important information about the emotional effects of pituitary disease and its treatment. Relevance to clinical practice. Pituitary disease is a generic term encompassing a range of underlying disease processes that often produce vague symptoms, often attributed to other causes, which delays diagnosis and treatment. Pituitary disease has a significant under recognised impact on people's mental and physical wellbeing and self-concept. Although the underlying hormonal imbalances associated with pituitary disease are largely reversible (cured), emotional distress persists. Regular monitoring of emotional wellbeing as well as medical and hormone status is warranted. [source] Role of arterial blood gas abnormalities in oedema formation in COPDRESPIROLOGY, Issue 4 2004Fisun KARADAG Objective: Renal and hormonal abnormalities, manifesting as oedema or hyponatraemia, are often seen in patients with COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of airflow obstruction and arterial blood gas abnormalities on oedema formation in COPD patients. Methodology: A total of 58 COPD patients hospitalized for treatment of COPD exacerbation were admitted to the study. Of these, 38 patients had peripheral oedema (group 1) and 20 patients had no oedema (group 2). Results: The mean age was 68 ± 9 years in group 1 and 68 ± 8 years in group 2. On the first day of admission, serum urea was 29.18 ± 12.25 mg/dL and creatinine was 1.62 ± 0.46 mg/dL in group 1, while urea was 15.50 ± 4.59 mg/dL and creatinine was 1.07 ± 0.10 mg/dL in group 2. Hyponatraemia occurred in five patients (13%) in group 1 and one patient (5%) in group 2. There was no difference in severity of airflow obstruction in the two groups; FEV1 was 44 ± 15% of predicted and FEV1/FVC was 53 ± 14 in group 1, while FEV1 was 45 ± 16% of predicted and FEV1/FVC was 54 ± 20 in group 2. There were statistically significant differences in pH (7.32 vs. 7.39; P= 0.013) and in PaCO2 (62 ± 10 mmHg vs. 42 ± 6; P= 0.048) for group 1 compared with group 2. PaO2 (62 ± 17 mmHg vs. 82 ± 27) and Sao2 (87 ± 9%vs. 90 ± 13) were found to be lower in group 1 compared with group 2 but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Alterations in pH and PaCO2 (respiratory acidosis and hypercapnia) appear to have more prominent roles than hypoxaemia in oedema formation in COPD patients. [source] Gynaecomastia: an endocrine manifestation of testicular cancerANDROLOGIA, Issue 3 2008H. C. Hassan Summary Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy affecting young men in their third or fourth decade with an incidence of three to six new cases per 100 000 males each year. When diagnosed and treated in its early stages, it has an excellent cure rate. 7,11% of patients with testicular cancer present initially with gynaecomastia. This may precede the presence of a palpable testicular tumour or hormonal abnormalities. This article evaluates the association between gynaecomastia and testicular cancer and recommends appropriate management for patients presenting with gynaecomastia. [source] | ||||||||||