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Horizontal Inequalities (horizontal + inequality)
Selected AbstractsDiversity and discord: Ethnicity, horizontal inequalities and conflict in Ghana and NigeriaJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2009Arnim Langer Abstract This introduction provides an overview of the special issue. The papers in this issue contribute to our understanding of the contrasting histories of Ghana and Nigeria. The papers confirm the importance of horizontal inequalities as a source of political instability and violent conflict, and show that they are particularly likely to lead to conflict where political and socio-economic exclusion run in the same direction or are consistant. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Between ,senior brother' and ,overlord': Competing versions of horizontal inequalities and ethnic conflict in Calabar and Warri, NigeriaJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2009Ukoha Ukiwo Abstract Through a comparative analysis of ethnic relations in two multi-ethnic cities in southern Nigeria, this article seeks to isolate factors that might explain why some countries manage to avoid violence in the midst of longstanding ethnic conflicts while ethnic relations in other countries are characterised by periodic violence. The factors isolated include the persistence of horizontal inequalities, absence of mediating social capital, institutionalisation of politics of non-inclusion and construction of indigeneity and homeland discourses. The article explores the interconnections between the different factors. Its main contribution lies in its specification of the contexts in which horizontal inequalities are likely to result in violent ethnic conflicts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Inequality, Ethnicity, Political Mobilisation and Political Violence in Latin America: The Cases of Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru*BULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, Issue 4 2006ROSEMARY THORP The paper explores the relationship between political violence and ,horizontal' inequality in ethnically-divided countries in Latin America. The cases studied are Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru. Preliminary results are reported on the measurement of horizontal inequality, or that between groups, defined in cultural, ethnic and/or religious terms. The Latin American cases are shown to be often more unequal than the cases from Africa and Asia included in the wider study of which the work forms a part. The complex relationship between such inequality, ethnicity and political violence is explored historically. Ethnicity is today rarely a mobilising factor in violence in the Latin American cases, but the degree of inequality based on ethnicity is shown to be highly relevant to the degree of violence which results once conflict is instigated. History explains why. [source] | ||||||||||