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Horizontal Flow (horizontal + flow)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	50%

Selected Abstracts

Calculating Ground Water Transit Time of Horizontal Flow through Leaky Aquifers

GROUND WATER, Issue 1 2008
Angelika C. Braunsfurth
The calculation of ground water transit times is one important factor in ground water protection. In this paper, we present an analytical solution for the transit time for a Dupuit-type flow system applicable to saturated flow through a horizontal leaky aquifer discharging to a downgradient fixed-head boundary under steady-state conditions. We investigate the influence of leakage when comparing the resulting travel times of our model based on head-dependent leakage with the commonly used model with no leakage and a simplified model with constant leakage. The results show significant differences in the position of the water divide and transit time, suggesting that leakage cannot be ignored. [source]

Pressure Drop in Liquid-liquid Two Phase Horizontal Flow: Experiment and Prediction

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 9 2005
D. P. Chakrabarti
Abstract The present study is aimed at an investigation of the pressure drop characteristics during the simultaneous flow of a kerosene-water mixture through a horizontal pipe of 0.025,m diameter. Measurements of pressure gradient were made for different combinations of phase superficial velocities ranging from 0.03,2,m/s such that the regimes encountered were smooth stratified, wavy stratified, three layer flow, plug flow and oil dispersed in water, and water flow patterns. A model was developed, which considered the energy minimization and pressure equalization of both phases. [source]

Multilayer Analytic Element Modeling of Radial Collector Wells

GROUND WATER, Issue 6 2005
Mark Bakker
A new multilayer approach is presented for the modeling of ground water flow to radial collector wells. The approach allows for the inclusion of all aspects of the unique boundary condition along the lateral arms of a collector well, including skin effect and internal friction losses due to flow in the arms. The hydraulic conductivity may differ between horizontal layers within the aquifer, and vertical anisotropy can be taken into account. The approach is based on the multilayer analytic element method, such that regional flow and local three-dimensional detail may be simulated simultaneously and accurately within one regional model. Horizontal flow inside a layer is computed analytically, while vertical flow is approximated with a standard finite-difference scheme. Results obtained with the proposed approach compare well to results obtained with three-dimensional analytic element solutions for flow in unconfined aquifers. The presented approach may be applied to predict the yield of a collector well in a regional setting and to compute the origin and residence time, and thus the quality, of water pumped by the collector well. As an example, the addition of three lateral arms to a collector well that already has three laterals is investigated. The new arms are added at an elevation of 2 m above the existing laterals. The yield increase of the collector well is computed as a function of the lengths of the three new arms. [source]

Fluid flow in an impacting symmetrical tee junction III: three-phase air/water/oil flow

ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 4 2009
A. P. Doherty
Abstract Results are presented on three-phase air/oil/water horizontal flow in a 0.026 m i.d. symmetrical impacting tee junction. The flow regimes observed agreed with an existing three-phase flow map. The inversion from water-dominated (WD) to oil-dominated (OD) flow was at an oil-to-liquid volumetric ratio of fo = 0.285. The inversion was at a low fo value because of the relatively tranquil conditions studied. Retention of oil on the pipe wall at the air/water two-phase condition at fo = 0 resulted in a dramatic increase in the pressure drop above that expected for the two-phase flow. The pressure drop in the tee junction arms increased with liquid-flow rate. The actual tee junction pressure drop showed a similar pattern to that observed in the inlet arm. The pressure drop was relatively constant in the OD region but showed a dramatic increase in the WD and inversion regions at low fo values. Non-dimensionalising the junction pressure drop as le/d gave a similar pattern but the scatter of data increased. The tee pressure loss data were modelled using the Lockhart-Martinelli ,G parameter and gave similar but different correlations for the WD and OD regions. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]