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Historical Survey (historical + survey)
Selected AbstractsHistorical Survey of the Buddhist and Muslim Worlds' Knowledge of Each Other's Customs and TeachingsTHE MUSLIM WORLD, Issue 2-3 2010Alexander Berzin First page of article [source] BOOK REVIEW: Altered States of Consciousness and Psi: An Historical Survey and Research Prospectus (Parapsychological Monograph Series No. 18).ANTHROPOLOGY OF CONSCIOUSNESS, Issue 2 2010Edward F. Kelly, Rafael G. Locke No abstract is available for this article. [source] From Foraging To Farming: Explaining The Neolithic RevolutionJOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS, Issue 4 2005Jacob L. Weisdorf Abstract., This article reviews the main theories about the prehistoric shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture. The transition, also known as the Neolithic Revolution, was ultimately necessary to the rise of modern civilization by creating the foundation for the later process of industrialization and sustained economic growth. The article provides a brief historical survey of the leading hypotheses concerning the rise of agriculture proposed in the archaeological and anthropological literature. It then turns to a more detailed review of the theories put forth in the economic literature. [source] Counterpoints of care: two moments of struggleJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 2010B. Gleeson Abstract This paper examines the history of care in modern society and seeks to expose how deep transformations in care arise from wider social relations. From historical survey we may discern a series of transitional points, where the practice and the experience of care was greatly, sometimes suddenly, redefined. Each betrayed deeper political and ethical struggles that went to the core of social relations, and which weren't merely therapeutic in nature. This paper explores two such ,moments'. I first examine the emergence of a new institutional landscape during the middle industrial era, in the wake of a series of legal and political reforms that sought to settle a social order uprooted and distressed by raw modernisation. I provide a composite, yet incomplete view, of how this transformation proceeded in one urban setting, colonial Melbourne. In the second instance, I review the ambitions and process of deinstitutionalisation in the late 20th century. Ostensibly, this reform sought, inter alia, to collapse the great division between ,fit' and ,unfit' established in 1834. Again, empirical reference is made to the reconstitution of care in Melbourne, Australia, this time during its late 20th experience of institutional reform. The focus in this case is the process of downscaling and closure for a major congregate facility, Kew Cottages. The major conclusion is that periods of intense transition in the ideology and mode of care are reflective of wider social transformations not merely of therapeutic or institutional shifts. [source] Taming the Tiger: Voting Rights and Political Instability in Latin AmericaLATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY, Issue 2 2004Josep M. Colomer ABSTRACT This article discusses the relationship between certain institutional regulations of voting rights and elections, different levels of electoral participation, and the degree of political instability in several Latin American political experiences. A formal model specifies the hypotheses that sudden enlargements of the electorate may provoke high levels of political instability, especially under plurality and other restrictive electoral rules, while gradual enlargements of the electorate may prevent much electoral and political innovation and help stability. Empirical data illustrate these hypotheses. A historical survey identifies different patterns of political instability and stability in different countries and periods, which can be compared with the adoption of different voting rights regulations and electoral rules either encouraging or depressing turnout. [source] A Brief History of the Edited Shakespearean TextLITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2006Gavin Paul This essay won the 2005 Literature Compass Graduate Essay Prize, Shakespeare Section. This essay will involve a historical survey of the underlying theories and principles that have been instrumental in determining the formative scholarly editions of Shakespeare since the early eighteenth century. By examining representations of editorial practice , specifically representations as expressed in prefatory material as well as other editorial apparatuses such as notes and commentary in influential editions from Nicholas Rowe's (1709) through to those of the late twentieth century , this paper is aimed at providing a clear sense of the fundamental principles shaping the edited Shakespearean text. [source] Not just computers and companionsASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS, Issue 4 2009Article first published online: 20 JUL 200 Mary Brück's historical survey is the second RAS Series publication, and one that gives an insight into the different roles taken by women astronomers: original thinkers, computers, educators, and entrepreneurs. In this extract from the chapter "The Labyrinths of Heaven", we find out how Maria Short (c1788,1869) came to own and operate an observatory open to the public in the mid-19th century. [source] Prolegomenon to a history of paleoanthropology: The study of human origins as a scientific enterprise.EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 5 2004Part 1. Interest in the history of paleoanthropology and the other disciplines related to human origins studies has grown considerably over the last several decades. Some very informative historical surveys have been written by prominent scientists reflecting on the major developments in their fields. Some well-known early examples include Glyn Daniel's The Idea of Prehistory (1962) and The Origins and Growth of Archaeology (1967), which focus primarily on the history of archaeology, Kenneth Oakley's "The problem of man's antiquity: an historical survey" published in the Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) [Geology] (1964), and L. S. B. Leakey's Unveiling Man's Origins; Ten Decades of Thought about Human Evolution (1969), with the latter two focusing on the contributions of geology, paleontology, and biology to the problem of human evolution. [source] Range dynamics of small mammals along an elevational gradient over an 80-year intervalGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Issue 11 2010REBECCA J. ROWE Abstract One expected response to observed global warming is an upslope shift of species elevational ranges. Here, we document changes in the elevational distributions of the small mammals within the Ruby Mountains in northeastern Nevada over an 80-year interval. We quantified range shifts by comparing distributional records from recent comprehensive field surveys (2006,2008) to earlier surveys (1927,1929) conducted at identical and nearby locations. Collector field notes from the historical surveys provided detailed trapping records and locality information, and museum specimens enabled confirmation of species' identifications. To ensure that observed shifts in range did not result from sampling bias, we employed a binomial likelihood model (introduced here) using likelihood ratios to calculate confidence intervals around observed range limits. Climate data indicate increases in both precipitation and summer maximum temperature between sampling periods. Increases in winter minimum temperatures were only evident at mid to high elevations. Consistent with predictions of change associated with climate warming, we document upslope range shifts for only two mesic-adapted species. In contrast, no xeric-adapted species expanded their ranges upslope. Rather, they showed either static distributions over time or downslope contraction or expansion. We attribute these unexpected findings to widespread land-use driven habitat change at lower elevations. Failure to account for land-use induced changes in both baseline assessments and in predicting shifts in species distributions may provide misleading objectives for conservation policies and management practices. [source] Population trends and habitat use of Harlequin Ducks in Rhode IslandJOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Christine M. Caron ABSTRACT To assess population trends of Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in Rhode Island (U.S.A.), we analyzed Christmas Bird Counts and other historical surveys and also conducted surveys during the winter of 2005,2006. We estimated sex and age ratios, evaluated the effects of tidal regime and time of day on survey precision, and quantified habitat use. The population in Rhode Island experienced logistic growth from 1976 to 2004, with approximately 150 birds now wintering at three primary sites in the state. We estimated that the current ratio of males to females in the region was 1.6:1 (62% males) and that 13% of males were first-winter birds. Most Harlequin Ducks were observed in rocky habitats within 50 m of the shore or offshore islands. We detected the greatest numbers of birds, with the least amount of variation, during morning surveys at low tide, suggesting that this may be the most appropriate time for population monitoring. Increases in the Rhode Island population and male-biased sex ratios may indicate a local population recovery resulting from a hunting ban initiated in 1990. Although most Harlequin Ducks in eastern North America winter in Maine, the population in Rhode Island represents one of the largest in the southern part of their range. SINOPSIS Para determinar las tendencias poblacionales de arlequines (Histrionicus histrionicus), en Rhode Island, analizamos los conteos navideños, otros censos históricos y además llevamos a cabos censos durante el invierno de 2005,2006. Cuantificamos el uso de habitat, estimamos la tasa de edad y sexos y evaluamos el efecto del régimen de mareas y la hora del dia en la presición de los censos. La población de patos arlequines experimentó un crecimiento logístico de 1976,2004, con unos 150 patos pasando el invierno en tres localidades primarias, del estado. Estimamos una tasa de 1.6:1 de machos a hembras (62% de machos), siendo un 13% de los machos individuos de primer invierno. La mayoría de las aves fueron observadas en hábitats rocosos a unos 50 m de la playa o en islas cerca de la playa. Detectamos el mayor número de aves, con la menor variación, en los censos que se llevaron a cabo durante la marea baja, lo que sugiere que este es el momento más apropiado para monitorear sus poblaciones. El aumento de estas aves en Rhode Island, el sesgo en su sexo, hacia mayor cantidad de machos, pudiera indicar, de un recobro poblacional como resultado la prohibición de su cacería a partir de 1990. Aunque la mayoría de los arlequines de la parte este de los EUA pasan el invierno en Maine, la población de Rhode Island representa una de las mayores en la parte sur de su distribución. [source] | |||||||||||||