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Historical Notes (historical + note)
Selected AbstractsInelastic response spectrum: Early historyEARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 8 2008Rafael Riddell Abstract Detailing the time period from, roughly, 1950 through 1980, this Historical Note documents the development of the initial concept of the inelastic response spectrum and how it evolved to become the basis for rational procedures for earthquake-resistant design, which are used even today. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Elastic response spectrum: a historical noteEARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 1 2007Anil K. Chopra Abstract This is the first contribution in a new series of Historical Notes on seminal concepts in earthquake engineering and structural dynamics. It records the origins and early developments (up to the late 1960's) of the elastic response spectrum. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Curing and Healing: Medical Anthropology in Global Perspective; Everyday Spirits and Medical Interventions: Ethnographic and Historical Notes on Therapeutic Conventions in Zanzibar Town; Some Spirits Heal, Others Only Dance: A Journey into Human Selfhood in an African Village; The Straight Path of the Spirit: Ancestral Wisdom and Healing Traditions in Fiji; Healing Makes Our Hearts Happy: Spirituality and Cultural Transformations among the Ju!'hoansiMEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2001Helle Samuelsen Curing and Healing: Medical Anthropology in Global Perspective. Andrew Strathern and Pamela J. Stewart. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 1999. vii+224 pp. Everyday Spirits and Medical Interventions: Ethnographic and Historical Notes on Therapeutic Conventions in Zanzibar Town. Tapio Nisula. Saarijanjarvi: Transactions of the Finnish Anthropological Society 43,1999. 321 pp. Some Spirits Heal, Others Only Dance:. Journey into Human Selfhood in an African Village. Roy Willis with K. B. S. Chisanga. H. M. K. Sikazwe. Kapembwa B. Sikazwe. and Sylvia Nanyangwe .Oxford: Berg, 1999. xii. 220pp. The Straight Path of the Spirit: Ancestral Wisdom and Healing Traditions in Fiji. Richard Katz. Rochester, VT. Park Street Press, 1999.413 pp. Healing Makes Our Hearts Happy: Spirituality and Cultural Transformations among the Ju!'hoansi. Richard Katz. Megan Biesele. and Verna St. Denis. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions, 1997. xxv. 213 pp. [source] Some Spirits Heal, Others Only Dance: A Journey into Human Selfhood in an African Village; Everyday Spirits and Medical Interventions: Ethnographic and Historical Notes on Therapeutic Conventions in Zanzibar TownAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2001Judy Rosenthal Some Spirits Heal, Others Only Dance:. Journey into Human Selfhood in an African Village. Roy Willis. New York: Berg, 1999. 220 pp. Everyday Spirits and Medical Interventions: Ethnographic and Historical Notes on Therapeutic Conventions in Zanzibar Town. Tapio Nisula. Helsinki, Finland: The Finnish Anthropological Society, 1999. 321 pp. [source] Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxinMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue S8 2004Frank J. Erbguth MD Abstract Food-borne botulism probably has accompanied mankind since its beginning. However, we have only few historical sources and documents on food poisoning before the 19th century. Some ancient dietary laws and taboos may reflect some knowledge about the life-threatening consumption of poisoned food. One example of such a dietary taboo is the 10th century edict of Emperor Leo VI of Byzantium in which manufacturing of blood sausages was forbidden. Some ancient case reports on intoxications with Atropa belladonna probably described patients with food-borne botulism, because the combination of dilated pupils and fatal muscle paralysis cannot be attributed to an atropine intoxication. At the end of the 18th century, some well-documented outbreaks of "sausage poisoning" in Southern Germany, especially in Württemberg, prompted early systematic botulinum toxin research. The German poet and district medical officer Justinus Kerner (1786,1862) published the first accurate and complete descriptions of the symptoms of food-borne botulism between 1817 and 1822. Kerner did not succeed in defining the suspected "biological poison" which he called "sausage poison" or "fatty poison." However, he developed the idea of a possible therapeutic use of the toxin. Eighty years after Kerner's work, in 1895, a botulism outbreak after a funeral dinner with smoked ham in the small Belgian village of Ellezelles led to the discovery of the pathogen Clostridium botulinum by Emile Pierre van Ermengem, Professor of bacteriology at the University of Ghent. The bacterium was so called because of its pathological association with the sausages (Latin word for sausage = "botulus") and not,as it was suggested,because of its shape. Modern botulinum toxin treatment was pioneered by Alan B. Scott and Edward J. Schantz. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society [source] Universal newborn screening and adverse medical outcomes: A historical noteDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 4 2006Jeffrey P. Brosco Abstract Universal newborn screening programs for metabolic disorders are typically described as a triumph of medicine and public policy in the US over the last 50 years. Advances in science and technology, including the Human Genome Project, offer the opportunity to expand universal newborn screening programs to include many additional metabolic and genetic conditions. Although the benefits of such screening programs appear to outweigh their costs, some critics have claimed that historical examples of inadvertent harm ensuing from false-positive screening results and subsequent inappropriate medical treatment should make us wary of expanding universal newborn screening. In this essay, we report the results of a review of the published literature to assess whether the extension of screening from at risk populations to all newborns led to substantial morbidity and mortality from misguided medical treatment. We provide a historical overview of universal newborn screening programs in the United States, and then focus on six early NBS programs: congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, galactosemia, sickle cell disease, and maple syrup urine disease. Our comprehensive search of published sources did not reveal a widespread problem of harm ensuing from medical treatment of children with false positive screening test results. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:262,269. [source] Origin and history of end-to-side neurorrhaphyMICROSURGERY, Issue 1 2007I. Papalia M.D. This historical note offers a perspective concerning the origin of the employment of end-to-side (termino-lateral) anastomosis for nerve repair and summarizes the works that have been published on this surgical technique through the first part of the 20th Century. While the origin of end-to-side neurorrhaphy is usually dated to the beginning of the 20th Century, some works referring to this technique were published earlier, the first of which dates as far back as 1873. A number of interesting clinical and experimental studies have been carried out on end-to-side nerve anastomosis during the first years of the twentieth century. However, this literature is not easily detectable through current online scientific databases. In this paper we will give an overview of these early works. This history contributes interesting information to the debate surrounding this surgical concept and adds perspective to the use of a technique that has attracted a great deal of attention over the last 15 years. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007. [source] Body symmetry and asymmetry in early Greek anatomical reasoningCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 4 2008Enrico Crivellato Abstract This historical note focuses on some of the earliest reports of human anatomy found in Greek medical literature. These passages testify the initial steps taken by Greek scientists in building a theoretical model of the human body. In these excerpts, one finds erroneous anatomical descriptions, which shed light on the epistemological approach used by these intellectual pioneers. Because of the lack of systematic dissection, it appears that early Greek anatomists developed a somewhat stylized idea of the human body that used a certain degree of symmetry. Overcoming the concept of a strict left,right bilateral parallelism in human body architecture was a challenging intellectual task that required prolonged observation of dissected corpses. Clin. Anat. 21:279,282, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||