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Historical Facts (historical + fact)
Selected AbstractsCONFIGURING HISTORICAL FACTS THROUGH HISTORICAL FICTION: AGENCY, ART-IN-FACT, AND IMAGINATION AS STEPPING STONES BETWEEN THEN AND NOWEDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 2 2007Kent Den Heyer Through reading a work of historical fiction, Ursula Hegi's novel Stones from the River, Kent den Heyer and Alexandra Fidyk offer a theoretical consideration of the following questions and their classroom implications: What is the role of historical fiction in enabling the imaginative grappling with historical fact? Or, in what ways does historical fiction enable us to come to terms with the ethical imperatives of learning from the past? What role does agency play in historical imagination? These are questions of ethics. They are, therefore, also questions of education. [source] Theorizing Diaspora: Perspectives on "Classical" and "Contemporary" DiasporaINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 2 2004Michele Reis Cohen (1997) employed the term "classical" diaspora in reference to the Jews. Indeed, a vast corpus of work recognizes the Jewish people as examples of quintessential diasporic groups. However, a broader conceptualization of the term diaspora allows for the inclusion of immigrant communities that would be otherwise sidelined in the conventional literature on diaspora. This study is therefore a departure from the traditional diasporic literature, which tends to use the Jewish Diaspora as the archetype. It favours, rather, the classification of three principal broad historical waves in which the Jewish Diaspora can be interpreted as part of a classical period. The historicizing of diasporization for the purpose of this paper is achieved by an empirical discussion of the three major historical waves that influenced the diasporic process throughout the world: the Classical Period, the Modern Period, and the Contemporary or Late-modern Period. The paper discusses these three critical phases in the following manner: first, reference is made to the Classical Period, which is associated primarily with ancient diaspora and ancient Greece. The second historical phase analyses diaspora in relation to the Modern Period, which can be interpreted as a central historical fact of slavery and colonization. This section can be further subdivided into three large phases: (1) the expansion of European capital (1500,1814), (2) the Industrial Revolution (1815,1914), and (3) the Interwar Period (1914,1945). The final major period of diasporization can be considered a Contemporary or Late-modern phenomenon. It refers to the period immediately after World War II to the present day, specifying the case of the Hispanics in the United States as one key example. The paper outlines some aspects of the impact of the Latin American diaspora on the United States, from a socio-economic and politico-cultural point of view. While the Modern and Late-modern periods are undoubtedly the most critical for an understanding of diaspora in a modern, globalized context, for the purpose of this paper, more emphasis is placed on the latter period, which illustrates the progressive effect of globalization on the phenomenon of diasporization. The second period, the Modern Phase is not examined in this paper, as the focus is on a comparative analysis of the early Classical Period and the Contemporary or Late-modern Period. The incorporation of diaspora as a unit of analysis in the field of international relations has been largely neglected by both recent and critical scholarship on the subject matter. While a growing number of studies focus on the increasing phenomenon of diasporic communities, from the vantage of social sciences, the issue of diaspora appears to be inadequately addressed or ignored altogether. Certain key factors present themselves as limitations to the understanding of the concept, as well as its relevance to the field of international relations and the social sciences as a whole. This paper is meant to clarify some aspects of the definition of diaspora by critiquing the theories in the conventional literature, exposing the lacunae in terms of interpretation of diaspora and in the final analysis, establishing a historiography that may be useful in comparing certain features of "classical" diaspora and "contemporary" diaspora. The latter part of the paper is intended to provide illustrations of a contemporary diasporic community, using the example of Hispanics in the United States. [source] The time of the interval: Historicity, modernity, and epoch in rural FranceAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 1 2010MATT HODGES ABSTRACT With recognition that historical consciousness, or "historicity," is culturally mediated comes acknowledgment that periodization of history into epochs is as much a product of cultural practice as a reflection of historical "fact." In this article, I examine popular "modernist" invocations of epoch in rural France,those positing traditional pasts against fluid presents with uncertain futures,which scholars frequently subordinate to analyses of collective memory and identity politics. Submitting this "response" to French modernity to temporal analysis reveals an additional critique in this periodization, one that valorizes enduring social time over processual temporalities, with implications for the temporal frameworks and ideology of anthropologists. [source] Coherence and Ambiguity in HistoryHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2000Thijs Pollmann This article is about the logic of the concept of "coherence" as used by historians to justify an argument. Despite its effectiveness in historical arguments, coherence is problematic for epistemologists and some theorists of history. The main purpose of this article is to present some insights that bear upon the logical status of coherence. As will be demonstrated, this will also shed some light on the allegedly dubious epistemological position of coherence. In general I will argue that, logically seen, coherence is a property of a set of related beliefs that makes it possible to justify a choice out of different factually justifiable interpretations. Coherence disambiguates vague or ambiguous observations. As words lose their vagueness or ambiguity in contexts, so do contexts disambiguate historical facts. My argument will be based on some relatively recent findings about the cognitive processes underlying vision and reading. Research in the field of text linguistics is used to show what kinds of relationships exist between historical representations that might be considered to cohere. [source] From Malthus to Modern Growth: Can Epidemics Explain the Three Regimes?*INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2003Nils-Petter Lagerlöf We model demographic and economic long-run development in a setting where mortality is endogenous and subject to epidemic shocks. The model replicates the full transition from Malthusian stagnation to modern growth. Consistent with the historical facts, the economy also passes an intermediate post-Malthusian phase where growth rates of both population and per capita income increase simultaneously, as mortality rates fall and become less volatile. The escape from the Malthusian trap is the result of a series of mild epidemic shocks, making it inevitable at some stage, but its timing random. Calibrations show that it can differ by thousands of generations, absent differences in exogenous parameters. [source] President George W. Bush and his faith-based initiative: creative solution or political minefield?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONPROFIT & VOLUNTARY SECTOR MARKETING, Issue 1 2003Nadeem Firoz On 29th January, 2001, President Bush issued an executive order creating a faith-based initiative office. This paper examines the history of the separation of church and state in the United States starting with the Constitution's First Amendment which established the freedom of religion. Pertinent historical facts through the 1990s are presented. The paper then defines President Bush's faith-based initiative and how it will be implemented. There is concern about whether this initiative will violate the Constitutional separation of religion and government. Another concern is how it will affect the religious organisations and the charities it is supposed to be helping. There is also a discussion on whether President Bush's faith-based initiative will have a positive or negative impact on religious organisations as well as keeping then separate from the government. The concern is whether the initiative will benefit and progress society as a whole. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications [source] Correcting misconceptions about the development of social work in China: a response to Hutchings and TaylorINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 1 2008Cunfu Jia Hutchings and Taylor, in their article entitled ,Defining the profession? Exploring an international definition of social work in the China context'[International Journal of Social Welfare 16: 381,389], no doubt had good intentions in offering their account of the development of social work in China, as the opening and concluding sections of the article show. Within the text, however, their critique of contemporary social work in China is, in my opinion, unfair in relation to, among other things, (i) the undemocratic nature of the Chinese political system, which they say hinders the development of social work in China; (ii) the ideology of the Communist Party, the government, and traditional Chinese culture, which they say are at odds with Western social work's value system and methodology; thus concluding that (iii) it is doubtful whether social work development in China could integrate with that of the international community. In this response, I comment on (i) the information base of the authors; (ii) the disconnection between their conceptualisation and historical facts; and (iii) their use of the international definition of social work. [source] RNA editing in plant mitochondria: 20 years laterIUBMB LIFE, Issue 12 2009Michael W. Gray Abstract In 1989, three laboratories (in Canada, France and Germany) independently and simultaneously reported the discovery of C-to-U RNA editing in plant mitochondria (1,3). To mark the 20th anniversary of this finding, the leaders of the three research teams have written personal essays describing the events leading up to the discovery in each of their laboratories. These essays are intended not only to capture historical facts but also to illustrate unexpected convergence in the process of scientific discovery, with different groups coming to the same conclusion, often very close together in time, drawing on different types of evidence and via sometimes quite different hypotheses and approaches. Essential background information pertaining to RNA editing in general and RNA editing in plant organelles in particular is provided in this overview. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61: 1101,1104, 2009 [source] Some brief considerations on the relationship between theory and practiceTHE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Angela Connolly Abstract:, The present crisis in models of training and in psychoanalytical education in general can be linked to the gulf that has come to be created between analytical theory and clinical practice. The paper1 examines the historical facts that have led to this split and suggests the need to return to the models of Freud and Jung. Both these fathers of depth psychology stressed the dangers inherent in the dogmatic use of theory and both insisted that theory must always spring from and be able to account for clinical practice rather than vice versa, as is so often the case today. The paper also looks at how theory should be taught in our analytical institutes in order to ensure that what we transmit to our candidates is not knowledge in the form of dogma but rather a way of proceeding that will enable them to think creatively about their clinical practice and thus produce new knowledge, essential if depth psychology is to remain relevant to our post-modern culture. Translations of Abstracts La crise actuelle des modèles d'apprentissage et de la formation psychanalytique en général, peut être mise en lien avec le fossé qui s'est progressivement creusé entre théorie analytique et pratique clinique. L'article examine les faits historiques ayant menéà cette scission et propose de revenir aux modèles de Freud et de Jung. Ces deux pères de la psychologie des profondeurs ont en effet insisté sur les dangers inhérents à l'usage dogmatique de la théorie et sur la nécessité pour la théorie d'émerger de la pratique clinique pour en rendre compte et non l'inverse, comme cela est si souvent le cas de nos jours. L'article se penche également sur la question de l'enseignement théorique dans nos instituts analytiques, dans un but de transmission, non pas d'un savoir dogmatique mais plutôt d'un processus susceptible d'inciter les étudiants à développer une pensée créative à partir de leur pratique clinique et de produire ainsi des connaissances nouvelles . Ceci est essentiel si tant est que la psychologie des profondeurs ait une pertinence et un rôle à jouer dans notre culture post-moderne. Die gegenwärtige Krise in Ausbildungsmodellen und in psychoanalytischer Schulung im Allgemeinen kann mit der Kluft in Beziehung gebracht worden, die zwischen analytischer Theorie und klinischer Praxis hergestellt wurde. In dieser Arbeit werden historische Fakten untersucht, die zu dieser Spaltung geführt haben und die Autorin weist darauf hin, dass es notwendig ist, zu den Modellen von Freud und Jung zurück zu gehen. Diese beiden Väter der Tiefenpsychologie betonten die Gefahren, die im dogmatischen Gebrauch der Theorie liegen. Und beide bestanden darauf, dass die Theorie immer aus der klinischen Praxis entstehen und auf diese anwendbar sein muss, statt umgekehrt, wie es heute so oft der Fall ist. In der Arbeit wird auch darauf geschaut, wie die Theorie in unseren Analytischen Instituten gelehrt werden sollte, um sicher zu stellen, dass das, was wir unseren Kandidaten und Kandidatinnen vermitteln, nicht dogmatisches Wissen ist, sondern eher eine Vorgehensweise, die ihnen hilft, kreativ über ihre klinische Praxis nachzudenken und neues Wissen hervor zu bringen. Dieses ist notwendig, wenn die Tiefenpsychologie in unserer postmodernen Kultur relevant bleiben soll. La presente crisi nei modelli di training e nella formazione psicoanalitica può essere connessa all'abisso che si è creato fra la teoria analitica e la pratica clinica. In questo scritto si esaminano i fatti storici che hanno condotto a tale scissione e si suggerisce la necessità di tornare ai modelli di Freud e Jung. Entrambi questi padri della psicologia del profondo sottolinearono i pericoli inerenti a un uso dogmatico della teoria ed entrambi insistettero sul fatto che la teoria deve emergere da ed essere in grado di tener conto della pratica clinica piuttosto che il contrario, come è così spesso il caso oggi. Il lavoro considera inoltre come dovrebbe essere insegnata la teoria nelle nostre istituzioni analitiche in modo da essere sicuri che ciò che noi oggi trasmettiamo ai nostri candidati non è una conoscenza dogmatica, ma piutttosto un modo di procedere che permetterà loro di pensare creativamente alla loro pratica clinica e in tal modo produrre nuova conoscenza, essenziale perchè la psicologia del profondo mantenga una sua rilevanza nella nostra cultura post moderna. La presente crisis en los modelos de entrenamiento y en la educación psicoanalítica en general puede ser vinculada con el abismo que se ha creado entre las teorías analíticas y la práctica clínica. Este trabajo examina los hechos históricos que han llevado a esta separación y sugiere la necesidad de retornar a los modelos de Freíd y Jung. A ambos padres de la Psicología Profunda les preocuparon los peligros inherentes al uso dogmático de la teoría e insistían que la teoría debía nacer siempre y tomar en cuenta la práctica clínica mas que a la inversa, como es frecuentemente el caso en nuestros días. El trabajo observa también como debe ser enseñada en nuestros institutos analíticos para poder asegurar que no trasmitimos conocimientos como dogmas sin que mejor una forma de que les permita pensar creativamente sobre su práctica clínica y así producir nuevos conocimientos, esenciales si la psicología profunda debe continuar siendo relevante para nuestra cultura post-moderna [source] | |||||||||||||