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Histopathologically
Selected AbstractsMyxoid liposarcoma of the breast in a 25-year-old female as a diagnostic pitfall in fine needle aspiration cytology: Report of a rare caseDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 9 2008Ishita Pant M.D. Abstract Primary sarcomas of the breast are extremely rare comprising less than 1.0% of all malignant tumors of the breast. It is even rarer to be reported in a 25-year-old female. This can cause a diagnostic dilemma not only for the clinician but also for the cytopathologist. A 25-year-old woman presented with a well defined firm, mobile lump in her right breast. With fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and ultrasonography a diagnosis of fibroadenoma was made. The patient underwent lumpectomy. Histopathologically it was diagnosed as myxoid liposarcoma. This case is reported to highlight the fact that, even though rare in young females but the possibility of a breast lump being a myxoid liposarcoma does exist. This report discusses a primary myxoid liposarcoma of female breast, considers cytologic differential diagnoses with review of the relevant literature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:674,677. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR EARLY GASTRIC CANCER USING MAGNIFYING ENDOSCOPY WITH A COMBINATION OF NARROW BAND IMAGING AND ACETIC ACID INSTILLATIONDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 3 2008Kyosuke Tanaka Demarcation of early gastric cancers is sometimes unclear. Enhanced-magnification endoscopy with acetic acid instillation and magnifying endoscopy with a narrow band imaging (NBI) system have been useful for recognition of demarcation of early gastric cancers. We report a patient with early gastric cancer who underwent a successful endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) by magnifying endoscopy with the combined use of NBI and acetic acid instillation. A 72-year-old man with early gastric cancer underwent ESD. Demarcation of the lesion was not clear, but magnifying endoscopy using the combination of NBI and acetic acid clearly revealed the demarcation. ESD was carried out after spots were marked circumferentially. We identified the positional relation between the demarcation and all markings. Resection of the lesion was on the outside of the markings. Histopathologically, the lesion was diagnosed as a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma limited to the mucosa. The margins were carcinoma free. Magnifying endoscopy combining the use of NBI with acetic acid instillation is simple and helpful for identifying the demarcation of early gastric cancer. This method may be useful in increasing the rate of complete resection by ESD for early gastric cancer. [source] Myoepithelioma of the soft tissue of the head and neck: a case report and review of the literatureHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 5 2004Antonio Galvao Neto MD Abstract Background. Extraglandular myoepitheliomas are neoplasms that seldom occur in the soft tissue of the head and neck region. Misdiagnosis of these neoplasms as more aggressive tumors can lead to unnecessary treatment. Methods. We describe a myoepithelioma of cervical soft tissue. The histopathology of the tumor, its immunophenotype, its differential diagnosis, and a review of the literature are presented. Results. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of epithelioid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei arranged in cords and files. On immunohistochemical analysis, the cells expressed cytokeratin 14, calponin, glial fibrillary acid protein, and p63 and showed focal positivity for S-100 protein. Together, these markers identified the cells as myoepithelial type. A literature review identified only five cases of myoepithelioma in the soft tissue of the head and neck region in which detailed clinical information was provided. Conclusions. Myoepitheliomas can have cells with variable morphology arranged in different histologic patterns. Immunohistochemical analysis is crucial for unequivocal diagnosis when myoepitheliomas occur in extraglandular locations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck26: 470,473, 2004 [source] Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas of the faceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Abdullah Alfadley MD, FRCP(C) Background Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas of the face are a rare facial dermatosis for which no recent large series of cases has been reported. Objective To describe the clinicopathologic features of five cases of multiple eccrine hidrocystoma and to emphasize their similar characteristics. Methods The clinical and histologic features of five women with multiple eccrine hidrocystomas of the face are described. Results All cases were middle-aged women with numerous, asymptomatic, skin-colored to bluish, papulonodular skin lesions, ranging from 2 to 5 mm in diameter, and mainly centrifacial in distribution. Histopathologically, all cases showed unilocular cysts in the dermis lined by two layers of cuboidal cells. Staining for S-100 protein was negative in the cyst wall in all cases. One case was treated with topical 1% atropine for 3 weeks with no significant improvement. No systemic side-effects were observed during this treatment. Conclusions Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas are a rare condition which might be confused clinically and histopathologically with apocrine hidrocystomas. To date, no effective treatment has been reported. [source] Radiofrequency ablation partial nephrectomy: A new method of nephron-sparing surgery in selected patientsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 11 2006MAREK SALAGIERSKI Abstract, From July 2002 to April 2005, seven radiofrequency ablation partial nephrectomies have been carried out in seven selected patients. A cool-tip Tyco radiofrequency device under intraoperative ultrasound guidance was used. After intervention, tumors were removed and their tissue with their margins were verified histopathologically. Procedure efficacy was assessed by multidetector computed tomography and by ultrasound. Complications included urine leakage in three cases. Histopathologically, in every case renal cell carcinoma was detected. There is no need for dialysis and there has been no tumor recurrence. No bleeding without clamping renal pedicle, easy tumor extraction and, we hope, reduced risk of recurrence are the major advantages of this intervention. [source] Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate: A case report with immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization staining for prostate-specific antigenINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 8 2001Sadatsugu Minei Abstract A 43-year-old man with urinary outlet obstruction was referred to our hospital. A digital rectal examination revealed an elastic hard prostate. The serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), serum prostatic acid phosphate and ,-seminoprotein levels were found to be within the normal range, and transrectal ultrasound sonography provided normal findings. The patient underwent a subcapsular prostatectomy under a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Histopathologically, the lesion was diagnosed as an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate. Because a further examination revealed a pathologic extension into the urinary bladder, a radical cystoprostatectomy was performed. The expression of PSA protein and PSA mRNA was studied by means of immunohistochemistry and an in situ hybridization technique. The adenoid cystic carcinoma in the patient did not show any positive signs for PSA protein or PSA mRNA. [source] Characteristic imaging features of breast fibroadenomas in women given cyclosporin A after renal transplantationJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 2 2004Eun Ju Son MD Abstract Purpose This retrospective study was conducted to determine the characteristic imaging and histopathologic features of breast fibroadenomas in kidney-transplant recipients given chronic cyclosporin A immunosuppressive therapy after the transplantation and to compare these characteristics with those from a control group. Methods From January 1, 1990, through December 31, 1999, 486 women underwent renal transplantation at our institution. All patients subsequently received immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin A and prednisolone. Ten (2%) of these women had developed breast fibroadenomas during this chemotherapy. We compared the data obtained on this group's fibroadenomas with those obtained from those in the control group, which comprised 100 women with fibroadenomas but who had never undergone organ transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy. Results Twenty-two fibroadenomas developed in the 10 transplant recipients. Eight of those 10 had multiple lesions, and 7 were affected bilaterally. The mean diameter of the fibroadenomas was 4.2 ± 2.5 cm. Mammographically, the lesions were round or oval high-density masses with well-circumscribed margins and no calcification or spiculation. Sonographically, the lesions were relatively highly echogenic and had a lower ratio of the longitudinal to the anteroposterior diameter (L,/AP) than did those in the control group. Histopathologically, the features of these lesions were generally typical of fibroadenomas, but some were more typical of malignant lesions. Among the 100 control patients, 146 fibroadenomas developed; 33 women had multiple lesions, and 12 were affected bilaterally. Their fibroadenomas had a mean diameter of 2.1 ± 1.5 cm, and the imaging features of these lesions were typical of fibroadenomas. Conclusions The fibroadenomas that developed in kidney-transplant recipients given chronic cyclosporin A and prednisolone immunosuppressive therapy had a tendency to be multiple, bilateral, and larger than those that developed in the control patients. These fibroadenomas also exhibited some imaging features that differed from those of typical fibroadenomas that develop in women who have not undergone organ transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:69,77, 2004 [source] Epithelioid sarcoma with angiomatoid features: report of an unusual case arising in an elderly patient within a burn scarJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Steven Kaddu Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare, aggressive soft tissue tumor with a characteristic predilection for adolescents and young adults, and a tendency to occur on distal extremities. We report a case of ES arising in an 80-year-old woman within a burn scar that histopathologically showed unusual ,angiomatoid' features. The patient presented initially with a solitary nodule on her right wrist arising at the site of a burn scar. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of a proliferation of relatively bland, epithelioid and spindle cells focally arranged in a nodular pattern around areas of ,geographic' necrosis. In addition, there were prominent foci of hemorrhage and blood-filled spaces as well as tumor cells with intracytoplasmic vacuoles, features suggestive of an angiomatous process. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity of tumor cells for cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) whereas all vascular markers tested were negative. The overall histopathologic features were consistent with a diagnosis of ES. Follow up showed multiple recurrences arising proximally along the right upper extremity. Our case underlines the clinical and histopathological heterogeneity of ES, emphasizing the unusual occurrence of ES with ,angiomatoid' features in the elderly. In this uncommon setting, this tumor should be especially distinguished from epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and epithelioid angiosarcoma. The significance of development of ES on a healed burn scar is uncertain, but may suggest a possible causal relationship. [source] Combined malignant melanoma and basal cell carcinoma tumor of the intermingled typeJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 9 2007Markus Braun-Falco Background:, The combination of malignant melanoma (MM) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) within a single tumor is an unusual finding. Case report:, An 84-year-old white man with a pigmented tumor on the back showing a combination of MM and BCC. Results:, A 1.5 × 1.5-cm irregular brown lesion on the back was clinically suggestive of MM. Histopathologically, the lesions turned out to be a combined tumor consisting of a superficial BCC and a regressive MM with a tumor thickness of 1.25 mm. The conglomerates of the BCC lay within the MM and were admixed with a high number of Melan-A-positive melanocytic cells. Conclusion:, By reviewing the low number of published cases, we found that a combined MM-BCC tumor exists in two variants: a collision type in which components of each cell type are clearly demarcated and an intermingled type in which both cell types grow intimately together. Although both types occur as a mere incidence, in particular, the intermingled type may be diagnostically challenging and the evaluation of its dignity may be questionable. [source] A case of cutaneous myoepithelial carcinomaJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 8 2007Jin Tanahashi Background:, Cutaneous myoepithelioma, both benign and malignant, is a rare neoplasm composed of neoplastic myoepithelial cells showing diverse histopathological features, and criteria for discriminating benign or malignant have not been fully clarified. Patient:, We present a case of cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma in a 62-year-old woman presenting a solid mass in the right back. Results:, Resected tumor was located in the whole dermis and subcutis. Histopathologically, two different growth patterns were noted: a small-nested or trabecular pattern in the superficial part and a large nodular pattern with extensive central necrosis in the deep part. Tumor cells were all epithelioid, although plasmacytoid and glycogen-rich clear cells were also observed within the large nodules of the deep part. Immunohistochemically, the cells were positive for both epithelial and myogenic markers, suggesting myoepithelial origin. Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis were evident despite inconspicuous atypia and low mitotic rate. Conclusion:, The final diagnosis was cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma. At present, it seems to be difficult to predict the behavior of myoepithelioma of the skin and soft tissue, although atypia and high mitotic rate are reported to be associated with local recurrence and metastasis. [source] Primary cutaneous osteosarcoma of the scalp: a case report and review of the literatureJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2007Daniela Massi The patient had been previously submitted to electrodessications of the scalp due to multiple solar keratoses. Histopathologically, the lesion showed features of a high-grade conventional osteoblastic osteosarcoma involving the dermis. Computed tomography showed no involvement of the underlying bone tissues. Clinical examination and extensive total body radiologic workup revealed absence of bone lesions in any body site, thus suggesting a final diagnosis of primary cutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma. The clinico-pathological features of the case are discussed in light of the rare cases previously described in the literature. [source] ,Specific' cutaneous infiltrate of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia at the site of a florid herpes simplex infectionJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 8 2005Mirjana Ziemer Background:, Specific cutaneous infiltrates in patients with leukemia generally carry a grim prognosis. However, non-neoplastic skin diseases may be associated with recruitment of normal and neoplastic leukocytes circulating in the peripheral blood. In those instances, neoplastic cells may be detected in skin lesions without an adverse effect on prognosis. Methods:, In a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a specific infiltrate developed at the site of a florid herpes simplex infection. Clinically, the lesion presented itself as an ulcerated tumor. Results:, Histopathologically, the lesion was characterized by a dense, diffuse infiltrate of small hyperchromatic lymphocytes throughout the entire dermis. Lymphocytes showed an aberrant CD20+/CD43+/CD5+ phenotype of neoplastic B cells, and monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin gamma genes could be demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction. Although criteria for leukemia cutis were fulfilled, the patient did well. Conclusions:, The cutaneous infiltrate of neoplastic cells seemed to be part of a physiologic response to the antigenic stimulus, rather than indicating an exacerbation of leukemia. [source] Lupus erythematosus panniculitis (lupus profundus): Clinical, histopathological, and molecular analysis of nine casesJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2005Cesare Massone Background:, The diagnosis of lupus erythematosus panniculitis (LEP) may be very difficult in cases in which involvement of the subcutaneous fat is the only manifestation of the disease. The main differential diagnosis is subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL). Methods:, We performed a retrospective study reviewing the histopathologic features of 11 biopsy specimens from nine patients with LEP (M : F = 2 : 7; median age: 48 years; range: 20,71 years). Results:, Histopathologically, all biopsies revealed a lobular panniculitis, with concomitant septal involvement in 82% of them. Dermal changes included the presence of superficial and deep infiltrates (82%) and mucin deposition (73%). The majority of cases (73%) presented also some form of epidermal involvement. The subcutaneous infiltrate was composed of lymphocytes in all cases, admixed with plasma cells in 91% of cases. Lymphoid follicles with reactive germinal centers were detected in 45% of cases. Immunohistochemistry showed a predominance of ,/,-T-helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes in 80% of cases admixed with B lymphocytes. The polymerase chain reaction analysis of the T-cell receptor (TCR)-, gene showed a polyclonal smear in all cases. Conclusions:, Our study shows that the most useful histopathologic criteria for distinguishing LEP from SPTCL are the presence of involvement of the epidermis, lymphoid follicles with reactive germinal centers, mixed cell infiltrate with prominent plasma cells, clusters of B lymphocytes, and polyclonal TCR-, gene rearrangement. [source] Basaloid neoplasms in nevus sebaceusJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2000Steven Kaddu Background: Nevus sebaceus (NS) (organoider nevus) may frequently be associated with the development of a number of benign and malignant neoplasms among which basaloid neoplasms are the most common. Histopathologic criteria for diagnosis and classification of basaloid proliferations arising in NS are still debated. Most previous investigators have considered them to represent mainly basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). On the contrary, a number of recent authors have proposed that most basaloid neoplasms in NS exhibit predominantly morphologic features implying benignancy, thus representing trichobalstomas (TBs). In this study, we attempted to characterize better the histopathologic features of basaloid neoplasms in NS in a large series based on current morphologic criteria. Methods: Three-hundred and sixteen cases of NS seen over 19 years were consecutively sampled and reviewed for basaloid neoplasms. Twenty-four cases of basaloid neoplasms in NS were identified and categorized based on current histopathologic criteria either as TB or BCC. For comparison of histopathologic features, 37 solitary TB were also studied. Results: Following histopathologic analysis, 22 cases were categorized as TB (91.6%, 10 males, 12 females; mean age 40.8 years, range 19,78 years) and 2 cases as BCC (8.4%, 1 male, 1 female; 32 years and 40 years). Clinical features in both groups were generally similar. The lesions presented exclusively on the head and neck as skin colored to pigmented papules or nodules within NS (scalp in 19 TB cases and 1 BCC case; face in 2 TB cases and 1 BCC case; neck in 1 TB case). Histopathologically, TB in NS were characterized by smooth-bordered basaloid aggregations with either a nodular and/or a superficial pattern, abundant fibrous stroma with focal clefts within the stroma, and prominent features of limited follicular differentiation (rudimentary follicular germs in concert with papillae). In contrast, BCC in NS showed basaloid aggregations that vary markedly in size and shape, scant fibrous stroma, focal mucinous clefts between basaloid aggregations and surrounding stroma, and lack of prominent rudimentary follicular germs in concert with papillae. Remarkably, sections in a few cases of TB showed features occasionally found in BCCs but presently widely considered to be unspecific (e.g., ulceration, cystic degeneration, and focal clefts between basaloid aggregations and surrounding stroma). Two cases of TB in NS were associated with a sebaceoma and 1 case with a desmoplastic trichilemmoma. Follow-up data in 14 TB cases and 2 BCC cases (mean follow-up 28.8 months; range 1 to 160 months) revealed no local recurrences or distant metastases. Conclusion: Our study confirms that the vast majority of the basaloid neoplasms arising in NS show clear-cut morphologic criteria for TB, whereas only a few cases display histopathologic features consistent with BCC. In a minority of cases, basaloid neoplasms with overall morphologic features of TB may present problems in diagnosis when they exhibit a few histopathologic features traditionally associated with BCC or when they occur in combination with other adnexal neoplasms. [source] The pathology of chronic erosive dermatopathy in Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell)JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 1 2005J E Baily Abstract Chronic erosive dermatopathy (CED) is a disease of intensively farmed Murray cod in Australia that has been reported in association with the use of groundwater (mechanically extracted from shallow boreholes) supplies. CED results in focal ulceration of the skin overlying sensory canals of the head and flanks. Trials were conducted at an affected fish farm to study the development of the condition, both in Murray cod and in goldfish, and also to assess the reported recovery of lesions when affected fish were transferred to river water. Grossly, lesions began after 2,3 weeks with degeneration of tissue at the periphery of pores communicating with the sensory canals. Widening of these pores along the axis of the canals resulted from a loss of tissue covering the canal. Histopathologically, hyperplasia of the canal epithelial lining was seen after 3 weeks in borehole water and subsequent necrosis and sloughing of this tissue resulted in the loss of the canal roof. Canal regeneration occurred when fish were transferred from borehole water into river water. The lack of lesions in other organs and the pattern of lesion development support exposure to waterborne factors as the most likely aetiology. [source] Equivocal Colonic Carcinogenicity of Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger at High-Dose Level in a Wistar Hannover Rat 2-y StudyJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 2 2009M. Yokohira ABSTRACT:, A 2-y carcinogenicity study of Aloe, Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger, a food additive, was conducted for assessment of toxicity and carcinogenic potential in the diet at doses of 4% or 0.8% in groups of male and female Wistar Hannover rats. Both sexes receiving 4% showed diarrhea, with loss of body weight gain. The survival rate in the 4% female group was significantly increased compared with control females after 2 y. Hematological and biochemical examination showed increase of RBC, Hb, and Alb in the 4% males. The cause of these increases could conceivably have been dehydration through diarrhea. AST and Na were significantly decreased in the males receiving 4%, and Cl was significantly decreased in both 4% and 0.8% males. A/G was significantly increased in the 4% females, and Cl was significantly decreased (0.8%) in the female group. Histopathologically, both sexes receiving 4% showed severe sinus dilatation of ileocecal lymph nodes, and yellowish pigmentation of ileocecal lymph nodes and renal tubules. Adenomas or adenocarcinomas in the cecum, colon, and rectum were observed in 4% males but not in the 0.8% and control male groups. Similarly, in females, adenomas in the colon were also observed in the 4% but not 0.8% and control groups. In conclusion, Aloe, used as a food additive, exerted equivocal carcinogenic potential at 4% high-dose level on colon in the 2-y carcinogenicity study in rats. Aloe is not carcinogenic at nontoxic-dose levels and that carcinogenic potential in at 4% high-dose level on colon is probably due to irritation of the intestinal tract by diarrhea. [source] Polaprezinc attenuates liver fibrosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitisJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2008Haruko Sugino Abstract Background and Aim:, The effect of polaprezinc, a zinc-carnosine chelate compound, on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was investigated in dietary methionine and choline deficient (MCD) mice. Methods:, Mice were fed the MCD diet with or without polaprezinc (2.2 g/kg diet) for 10 weeks. Liver histopathology, triglyceride and lipid peroxide levels, and the expression of genes linked to fibrosis were then assessed. Results:, MCD mice developed steatohepatitis accompanied by mild fibrosis with an increase in lipid peroxidation, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, and the augmented mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-,, transforming growth factor-,1 and procollagen ,1(I). The mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 were also enhanced. Histopathologically, polaprezinc supplementation did not influence the development of steatosis but it apparently attenuated fibrosis. Polaprezinc slightly reduced lipid peroxidation and suppressed HSC activation as well as the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Polaprezinc affected the MCD diet-enhanced expression of TIMP-1 even when administered relatively late. Conclusion:, These results suggest that polaprezinc attenuates fibrosis in NASH by reducing inflammation and lipid peroxidation and, during a later phase, promoting fibrolysis via the inhibition of TIMP expression in the liver. Further investigation is required to clarify the clinical efficacy of polaprezinc in patients with NASH. [source] Radiation-induced morphologic changes in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) brainJOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Roger E. Price The right cerebral hemisphere of 24 rhesus monkeys scheduled for necropsy at the completion of another project were studied histopathologically 1,30 days after a single dose of 60Co-irradiation. Histopathologically, inflammation and gliosis consistently occurred at specific time points but varied in severity between individuals. Multifocal hemorrhage, edema, and an acute neutrophilic inflammatory response were observed initially whereas perivascular accumulations of lymphocytes were observed in specimens at the end of the study. Microglia/macrophages were most prominent during the first week after irradiation, whereas astrocytes were reactive throughout the observation period. The early clinical manifestations of the central nervous system (CNS), because of brain irradiation in humans, correspond temporally with acute vascular responses, acute and subacute inflammatory cell responses, and subacute demyelination and reactive astrocytic and microglial responses observed in the rhesus monkey. Initial responses of the CNS to gamma-irradiation may have potential implications for the development of radiation-induced late injury of the CNS. [source] Transient versus prolonged hyperlocomotion following lateral fluid percussion injury in mongolian gerbilsJOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 2 2006Shihong Li Abstract Posttraumatic hyperactivity is a neurobehavioral symptom commonly seen in patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI). No useful animal model has yet been established for evaluation of this important symptom. We induced either mild (MILD, 0.7,0.9 atm) or moderate (MOD, 1.3,1.6 atm) lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) in Mongolian gerbils. Open-field and T-maze tests were used during a 7-day period after the trauma. All animals were perfusion fixed for histopathological examinations. Transient locomotor hyperactivity was found with a peak at 6 hr after injury in the MILD animals, whereas MOD animals showed prolonged and severe hyperlocomotion throughout the 7-day posttrauma period (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, the temporal profile of the posttraumatic hyperactivity was similar to that of the working memory deficit in both injury groups. Histological examination revealed significant neural tissue damages, including cortical necrosis, white matter rarefaction, and neuronal loss in the hippocampus in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the MOD animals, vs. only negligible changes in the MILD animals. Correlation analysis revealed that the volume of white matter lesions was significantly correlated with both posttraumatic hyperactivity (r = 0.591, P < 0.01) and working memory deficit (r = ,0.859, P < 0.0001). Taken together, our findings confirm the successful reproduction of posttraumatic hyperactivity following experimental TBI. The posttraumatic hyperlocomotion probably shared pathomechanisms common to those of cognitive dysfunction caused by LFPI, supporting the speculation from previous studies that some neurobehavioral abnormities intimately correlate with TBI-induced cognitive dysfunction. Histopathologically, significant involvement of white matter damage in the posttraumatic functional deficits was indicated. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Odontogenic keratocyst in maxillary sinus with invasive behaviourJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 4 2006Eneida Franco Vencio Odontogenic keratocyst is a cystic lesion characterized by a high rate of recurrence. This report describes a rare case of ciliated epithelium-lined odontogenic keratocyst in the maxilla of a 27-year-old female. Panoramic radiography showed a lytic lesion on the right maxilla associated with an impacted molar tooth. Computerized tomography image revealed the involvement of the lesion with the right maxillary sinus, destroying the sinus floor. Histopathologically, the typical keratinized epithelial-lined cyst of odontogenic keratocyst abruptly changed into a ciliated epithelium, suggesting the fusion of both these epithelia rather a metaplastic transformation. The biological behaviour of odontogenic keratocysts is discussed. [source] Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of calcifying odontogenic cystsJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 10 2001Mitsuhide Yoshida Abstract: Method and Results: Calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs) were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically to characterize the histological and cytological properties of these lesions. Histopathologically, COCs showed thin or thick lining epithelium with ghost cells. COCs were classified according to proliferative type or nonproliferative type lining epithelium, the presence or absence of ameloblastomatous appearance, and the presence or absence of odontoma in the cyst walls. Immunohistochemically, amelogenin protein was expressed chiefly in ghost cells, whereas cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and bcl-2 proteins were expressed chiefly in lining epithelial cells. The proportion of cases positive for bcl-2 protein was slightly higher in COCs with odontoma than in those without odontoma. Lining epithelial cells sporadically showed positive reactions for Ki-67 antigen. Mean Ki-67 labeling index was slightly greater in COCs with proliferative type lining epithelium, COCs with ameloblastomatous appearance of the cyst walls, and COCs with odontoma of the cyst walls than in COCs without these histological features. Our results suggest that ghost cells or lining epithelial cells show ameloblastic cytodifferentiation or odontogenic epithelial characteristics, that bcl-2 protein is associated with survival of lining epithelial cells in COCs, and that high proliferation potential is associated with ameloblastomatous proliferation or combined odontoma. COCs exhibited various histological features with several transitional forms, and immunohistochemical examinations revealed little or no difference in cytodifferentiation and cellular activity among COCs. Conclusion: We conclude that COCs with various histological features have neoplastic potential and may not be separate entities within the same histological spectrum. [source] Expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in esophageal carcinomaJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Hideaki Kobayashi MD Abstract Background and Objectives It has been reported that amino acid transport systems play an important role in cell proliferation. Their activity is increased in malignant cells compared to benign cells. In this study, we investigated whether L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is expressed in human non-cancerous esophageal mucosa and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We also examined whether LAT1 expression is correlated with histopathological features. Methods From January 1999 to December 2001, sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 11 cases of early esophageal carcinoma (T1) and 19 cases of advanced esophageal carcinoma (T2, T3) were entered in the study. Histopathologically, all 30 cases were squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using rabbit anti-LAT1 IgG, with the standard avidin-streptavidin immuno-peroxidase method. Measurement was performed by means of computer-assisted image analysis. The ratio of cells with LAT1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and non-cancerous esophageal mucosa was used for analysis in this study. Results Non-cancerous esophageal mucosa expressed LAT1 only in the basal layer of the esophageal wall. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma expressed LAT1 throughout the tumor. LAT1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in non-cancerous esophageal mucosa. LAT1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma increased as the depth of invasion progressed (T1,<,T2 (P,=,0.0477), T2,<,T3 (P,=,0.0415), T1,<,T3 (P,=,0.0044)), and as the tumor size increased. Also, high LAT1 expression was significantly associated with well-differentiated carcinoma. Conclusion These results suggest that LAT1 plays a significant role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:233,238. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Colorectal carcinoma development in inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitisMOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS, Issue 5 2007Darren N. Seril Abstract The overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may play an important role in ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated carcinogenesis. In order to study the role of nitric oxide (NO) in UC-associated colorectal carcinogenesis, the development of colorectal carcinoma was studied using the DSS-induced and iron-enhanced model of chronic UC in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-deficient mice. Female wild-type C57BL/6 (iNOS+/+) and iNOS,/, mice were administered 1% DSS (w/v) through the drinking fluid for 15 DSS cycles and fed twofold iron-enriched diet. Colorectal inflammation and mucosal ulceration of moderate severity were observed in both iNOS+/+ and iNOS,/, mice. Similar tumor incidence and multiplicity in the colon were observed that 15 out of 23 (65.2%) iNOS+/+ mice developed colorectal tumors with a tumor multiplicity of 1.47,±,0.17 (mean,±,SE) after 15 DSS cycles, and 13 out of 19 (68.4%) iNOS,/, mice developed colorectal tumors with a tumor multiplicity of 2.08,±,0.21. Histopathologically, the tumors were confirmed to be well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. Nitrotyrosine, an indicator of peroxynitrite-caused protein modification, was detectable by immunohistochemistry in inflammatory cells and epithelial cells of the colon in iNOS+/+ and iNOS,/, mice, and no difference in staining intensity was observed between the two groups. Immunostaining for endothelial NOS (eNOS) was observed in lamina propria macrophages and colonic blood vessels, and eNOS protein levels were increased in the inflamed colon. These results show that there is no difference in UC-associated cancer development in iNOS+/+ and iNOS,/, mice, and suggest that in the absence of iNOS, other factors, such as eNOS, may play a role in nitrosative stress and UC-associated carcinogenesis in this model system. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Intraparenchymal myofibromatosis of the brain in an adult: report of an unusual caseNEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Hua-liang Xiao An unusual case of intraparenchymal myofibromatosis of the brain occurring in a 29-year-old woman is described. Preoperative CT and MRI examinations revealed two well-circumscribed nodular masses localized in the wall of the left lateral ventricle and right temporal lobe, respectively. Both masses were completely resected, and the patient remains disease-free 2 years post-surgery. Histopathologically, the lesions were characterized by stratification. From outer to inner, there was a reactive glial component, lamellated well-differentiated muscle-like cells, densely compact collagen fibers and cellular tumor with nodular and hemangiopericytoma-like patterns, respectively. The myofibroblastic nature of this tumor was verified by immunohistochemical staining and ultrastructural analysis. Intraparenchymal myofibromatosis may be confused with, and should be distinguished from, meningioma, myopericytoma, solitary fibrous tumor, leiomyoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor for accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment. [source] Progressive supranuclear palsy combined with Alzheimer's disease: A clinicopathological study of two autopsy casesNEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Rieko Sakamoto We present here the clinicopathological characteristics of two autopsy-confirmed cases comorbid of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Histopathologically, the amount and distribution of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the basal ganglia and brainstem fulfilled the pathological criteria of PSP proposed by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke , The Society for PSP (NINDS-SPSP). The Braak stages of senile plaques and NFTs were stage C and stage V in Case 1, and stage C and stage IV in Case 2. These neuropathological findings confirmed that the two patients had combined PSP with AD. Our patients presented clinically with executive dysfunction prior to memory disturbance as an early symptom. Not only neurological symptoms such as gait disturbance, supranuclear ophthalmoplegia and pseudobulbar palsy, but emotional and personality changes and delirium were prominent. Therefore, symptoms of subcortical dementia of PSP were more predominant than AD-related symptoms in the present two patients. Comorbid PSP and AD further complicates the clinical picture and makes clinical diagnosis even more difficult. [source] The ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor: a reviewORAL DISEASES, Issue 5 2008CM Allen The ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor is a relatively recently described neoplasm that appears to involve uniquely the oral cavity, particularly the tongue. Thirty well-accepted cases have been reported since the initial description of this lesion in 1995. While a wide age range (9,78 years) has been documented, most of these tumors are diagnosed from the third to sixth decades of life. No sex predilection is seen. The size of the neoplasm is typically <2 cm, and most affect the anterior dorsal tongue. The duration of the lesion was difficult to gauge, probably due to the asymptomatic nature of the process. Some tumors, however, were well documented to have been present for as long as 10,20 years. Histopathologically, the ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor is characterized by a well circumscribed, but unencapsulated, lobular growth pattern. Varying degrees of cellularity are noted, with the lesional cells often set in a myxoid, chondroid or hyalinized background. Immunohistochemical studies reveal positivity of the lesional cells for antibodies directed against glial fibrillary acidic protein, cytokeratins, S-100 protein and CD-57 in the majority of tumors. Treatment consists of conservative surgical excision, and while recurrence is possible, it has been noted in <10% of reported cases. [source] Paraneoplastic pemphigus: a review of the literatureORAL DISEASES, Issue 4 2000CM Allen Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a relatively rare but highly significant acquired mucocutaneous disorder. The condition typically presents in patients with previously diagnosed lymphoreticular disease, primarily malignancies (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; chronic lymphocytic leukemia).Multiple sites of involvement are common, with the skin affected by a polymorphous eruption that includes lichenoid plaques as well as bullae. The oral lesions occur in all cases and present as painful widespread shallow ulcers with hemorrhagic crusting of the lipS. Conjunctival involvement is also seen and may result in scarring. Pulmonary lesions are an ominous sign. Histopathologically, intraepithelial and subepithelial clefting associated with interface dermatitis are seen. A variety of autoantibodies directed against desmoplakins and desmogleins can be identified with immunoprecipit-ation studies. Treatment with immunosuppressive agents may result in some resolution of the disease, but the prognosis for paraneoplastic pemphigus is considered to be poor. [source] Mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas with huge mural hematomaPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 10 2009Takeshi Hisa A 60-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of a cystic mass in the pancreatic body that extended to the tail. Transabdominal ultrasonography demonstrated an oval cystic mass 24 cm in diameter, filled with debris. On the cyst wall there was a wide-based, smooth-surfaced, heterogeneous high-echoic protrusion that was 5 cm in diameter. On CT the protrusion showed internal enhancement. Endoscopic pancreatography showed no intraductal mucin or communication with the cyst. A distal pancreatectomy was performed under the diagnosis of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Grossly there was a brownish, hemispherical protrusion into the thin monolocular cyst. The cut surface of the protrusion showed a peripheral yellow-brownish area and an internal wine-colored area. Histopathologically the cyst wall consisted of tall columnar cells without atypical nuclei, ovarian-type stroma beneath the epithelium, and fibrotic tissue with abundant capillary vessels, suggestive of a mucinous cystadenoma. The protrusion was composed of peripheral organized hematoma without a covering epithelium, and internal hemorrhage and many capillary vessels, with no evidence of tumor cell necrosis. These histopathological findings appear to be similar to those of chronic expanding hematoma. The formation of a huge mural hematoma in a mucinous cystic neoplasm can occur as a repair process after the breaking of intrawall vessels. [source] Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma extending into the common bile and main pancreatic ductsPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 10 2006Rin Yamaguchi Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) of the pancreas is relatively rare, accounting for only approximately 1% of all exocrine pancreatic tumors. A 69-year-old man was found to have a mass lesion measuring approximately 4 cm in diameter in the pancreatic head on ultrasound, abdominal dynamic CT, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed defect of the lower common bile duct (CBD) due to obstruction by the tumor cast. Histopathologically, the pancreatic head tumor invaded the main pancreatic duct (MPD) and CBD with extension into the CBD in a form of tumor cast. The tumor cells consisted of a solid proliferation with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei in an acinar and trabecular fashion. A 55-year-old man with upper abdominal pain and nausea, had a cystic lesion approximately 3 cm in size in the pancreatic tail on CT. Histopathologically, the tumor was encapsulated by fibrous capsule and had extensive central necrosis with solid areas in the tumor periphery, and invaded with extension into the MPD in a form of tumor cast. The tumor cells resembled acinar cells in solid growths. Two resected cases of ACC with unusual tumor extension into the CBD and the MPD, respectively, are reported. [source] Primary osteosarcoma of the uterine corpus: Case report and review of the literaturePATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2002Mu Su A rare case of rapidly growing osteosarcoma that developed in the uterine corpus of a 62-year-old woman is presented. The tumor occupied almost the entire pelvic cavity and extended into the abdominal cavity, with marked involvement of the intestines. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of an osteoblastic component, accompanied by conspicuous bone formation, and a fibroblastic component. The tumor cells were positive for vimentin and osteocalcin, as well as desmin, ,-smooth muscle actin and muscle-specific actin, but negative for h-caldesmon. The results indicated myofibroblastic differentiation in a part of the tumor. A review of 14 reported cases and our case of uterine osteosarcoma revealed that this tumor has a biologically aggressive nature, although its histopathological and immunohistochemical features are similar to those of osteosarcomas in soft tissue and bone. As the prognosis of patients with this tumor is poor, it is of importance to differentiate this tumor from other types of tumors arising from the uterine corpus. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||