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Histopathological Assessment (histopathological + assessment)
Selected AbstractsHistopathological alterations in the liver of the sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus from polluted aquatic systems in South AfricaENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, Issue 2 2009M. J. Marchand Abstract There is a need for sensitive bio-monitoring tools in toxicant impact assessment to indicate the effect of toxicants on fish health in polluted aquatic ecosystems. Histopathological assessment of fish tissue allows for early warning signs of disease and detection of long-term injury in cells, tissues, or organs. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of histopathological alterations in the liver of C. gariepinus from two dams in an urban nature reserve, (Gauteng, South Africa). Two dams (Dam 1 and Dam 2) were chosen for their suspected levels of toxicants. Water and sediments were sampled for metal and potential endocrine disrupting chemical analysis. A quantitative and qualitative histology-based health assessment protocol was employed to determine the adverse health effects in fish. The analysis of blood constituents, fish necropsy, calculation of condition factors, and hepatosomatic indices were employed to support the findings of the qualitative and quantitative histological assessment of liver tissue. Assessment of the liver tissue revealed marked histopathological alterations including: structural alterations (hepatic cord disarray) affecting 27% of field specimens; plasma alterations (granular degeneration 98% and fatty degeneration 25%) of hepatocytes; an increase in melanomacrophage centers (32%); hepatocyte nuclear alterations (90%); and necrosis of liver tissue (14%). The quantitative histological assessment indicated that livers of fish collected from Dam 1 were more affected than the fish livers collected from Dam 2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009. [source] Low sperm recovery from the undescended testis with testicular sperm extraction in postpubertal cryptorchids: preliminary reportANDROLOGIA, Issue 2-3 2005H. C. Irkilata Summary As postpubertal cryptorchid testes are generally atrophic and have high malignancy risk, orchiectomy is recommended as the treatment method. However, a few case reports advocated orchiopexy due to finding sperm afterwards. The present clinical study aimed at determining the possibility of finding spermatozoa in postpubertal cryptorchid testis with testicular sperm extraction (TESE). Initially testicular biopsy and later TESE was performed in the undescended testis of 22 unilateral postpubertal cryptorchids and in one of the testes of three bilateral postpubertal cryptorchids. Histopathological assessment of testicular biopsy specimen showed that three patients had maturation arrest and 22 had seminiferous tubular atrophy. By TESE, spermatozoa were found in only one specimen of 25 testes. Our results show that the expectancy to find spermatozoa in postpubertal cryptorchid testis is extremely low by current sperm recovery methods and orchiectomy is still the accurate method of treatment. [source] Azathioprine hypersensitivity presenting as a neutrophilic dermatosis in a man with ulcerative colitisAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Eleni Yiasemides SUMMARY We report a case of a 46-year-old man with ulcerative colitis being treated with oral prednisolone and azathioprine. Two weeks after the initiation of azathioprine he presented with fever, fatigue, myalgias and arthralgias and a painful cutaneous eruption that was most marked in a sun-exposed distribution. This was accompanied by loose, non-bloody diarrhoea. Histopathological assessment of a skin biopsy supported a diagnosis of a neutrophilic dermatosis. The azathioprine was temporarily withheld and oral prednisolone was increased as it was thought that the neutrophilic dermatosis was associated with the underlying ulcerative colitis. The patient's symptoms and cutaneous eruption resolved quickly and azathioprine was re-introduced. Within 24 h, systemic symptoms returned along with a florid recrudescence of his cutaneous eruption. This rapidly improved upon withdrawal of azathioprine. [source] ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION AND SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION METHOD FOR LARGE COLORECTAL TUMORSDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2004Yasushi Sano ABSTRACT The goal of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is to allow the endoscopist to obtain tissue or resect lesions not previously amenable to standard biopsy or excisional techniques and to remove malignant lesions without open surgery. In this article, we describe the results of conventional EMR and EMR using an insulation-tipped (IT) electrosurgical knife (submucosal dissection method) for large colorectal mucosal neoplasms and discuss the problems and future prospects of these procedures. At present, conventional EMR is much more feasible than EMR using IT-knife from the perspectives of time, money, complication, and organ preservation. However, larger lesions tend to be resected in a piecemeal fashion; and it is difficult to confirm whether EMR has been complete. For accurate histopathological assessment of the resected specimen en bloc EMR is desirable although further experience is needed to establish its safety and efficacy. Further improvements of in EMR with special knife techniques are required to simply and safely remove large colorectal neoplasms. [source] Factors affecting carbon dioxide laser treatment for oral precancer: A patient cohort studyLASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 1 2009O. Hamadah DDS Abstract Background Although the benefits of CO2 laser surgery in oral precancer management have been evaluated, little consideration has been given to the factors which may influence treatment outcome, especially amongst patients developing recurrence or malignant transformation. Study Design Seventy eight patients (51 males, 27 females; mean age 57.8 years) undergoing CO2 laser excision of single, new dysplastic oral precancer lesions (OPLs) were followed up for a minimum of 2 years and the influence of clinico-pathological parameters, socio-demographic factors and the presence or absence of residual dysplasia in excision margins upon clinical outcome were examined. Results Seventy three percent of patients were smokers and 78% consumed alcohol regularly. The majority of lesions were leukoplakias arising in the floor of mouth and ventro-lateral tongue and moderate or severe dysplasia accounted for 86% of histopathological diagnoses. Patient follow up ranged from 24 to 119 months (mean 58 months). Sixty four percent of patients were disease free at most recent clinical follow up, whilst 32% developed local recurrent dysplasia or new site dysplasia with 4% developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (but at sites distinct from their initial OPL). Excision margins were clear in 55% of cases, but 19% showed mild, 21% moderate and 5% severe dysplasia on histopathological examination. No statistically significant associations were seen between patients' age, gender, lesion appearance, site of origin, histopathological grading, presence of dysplasia in resection margins, or alcohol consumption and clinical outcome. Smokers, however, were at significantly higher risk of dysplasia recurrence compared to ex-smokers or non-smokers (P,=,0.04). Conclusions In the absence of agreed treatment protocols for OPLs, we recommend CO2 laser surgery as an effective treatment modality offering precise lesion excision, full histopathological assessment, minimal post-operative morbidity and a 64% disease free clinical outcome. Regular patient follow up is encouraged due to the persistence of field cancerisation effects. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:17,25, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Stroke after initiation of interferon-beta treatment for relapsing,remitting disseminated white matter diseaseACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2006B. Bosche Background,,, Interferon-beta (INF- ,) is effective and used in reducing exacerbation frequency and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. In certain circumstances, INF- , can lead to rare side effects. Aims of the study,,, We report the case of a 34-year-old female patient satisfying the McDonald criteria of multiple sclerosis without showing typical pathologic changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). After introduction of INF- , treatment, she quickly developed further progression of her disseminated neurological symptoms and finally an ischemic cerebral infarction. Methods,,, Evaluation of the patient included arterial angiography, magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography, histopathological assessment as well as a broad spectrum of serum and CSF analysis. Results,,, All diagnostic evaluations and the clinical course revealed evidences for a primary angiitis of the CNS. We discuss the possible worsening due to inappropriate INF- , treatment in cerebral angiitis promoting severe cerebrovascular insufficiency. Conclusion,,, The authors suggest that all diagnostic multiple sclerosis criteria including typical CSF findings should be ascertained before INF- , treatment is initiated. [source] Comparison of the effects of erdosteine and N-acetylcysteine on apoptosis regulation in endotoxin-induced acute lung injuryJOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue 4 2006Rezan Demiralay Abstract This study was carried out to investigate comparatively the frequency of apoptosis in lung epithelial cells after intratracheal instillation of endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] in rats and the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- ,) on apoptosis, and the effects of erdosteine and N-acetylcysteine on the regulation of apoptosis. Female Wistar rats were given oral erdosteine (10,500 mg kg,1) or N-acetylcysteine (10,500 mg kg,1) once a day for 3 consecutive days. Then the rats were intratracheally instilled with LPS (5 mg kg,1) to induce acute lung injury. The rats were killed at 24 h after LPS administration. Lung tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathological assessments. The apoptosis level in the lung bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium was determined using the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick endlabelling) method. Cytoplasmic TNF- , was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment with erdosteine and pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine at a dose of 10 mg kg,1 had no protective effect on LPS-induced lung injury. When the doses of drugs increased, the severity of the lung damage caused by LPS decreased. It was found that as the pretreatment dose of erdosteine was increased, the rate of apoptosis induced by LPS in lung epithelial cells decreased and this decrease was statistically significant in doses of 300 mg kg,1 and 500 mg kg,1. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine up to a dose of 500 mg kg,1 did not show any significant effect on apoptosis regulation. It was noticed that both antioxidants had no significant effect on the local production level of TNF- ,. These findings suggest that erdosteine could be a possible therapeutic agent for acute lethal lung injury and its mortality. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||