Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Histological Picture (histological + picture)
Selected AbstractsComparative cytological study of lymph node tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals and in patients with diabetes in a developing countryDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2002C.B. Sridhar B.Sc., M.B.B.S., M.D. Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection affecting patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diabetes mellitus (DM). With the increasing incidence of HIV infection and DM in a developing country like India, TB is definitely on the rise. In a given population, one expects to see these three diseases in varying combinations, such as HIV and TB, DM and TB, HIV and DM with TB. In such combinations TB may lack the characteristic clinical and histological picture due to the associated depressed cell-mediated immunity seen in both diseases and TB may have an unusual clinical presentation and cytology picture. In this retrospective study of 36 months, from January 1997 to December 1999, 109 cases diagnosed cytologically as tuberculous lymphadenitis and tested for HIV infection and investigated as well for DM were selected. Forty-six (42%) were nondiabetic HIV patients, 13 (12%) were non-HIV DM patients, and 50 (46%) had TB without HIV infection or DM. The coexistence of both HIV and DM was not noted. The cytomorphological characteristics supplemented by culture studies of each of these three groups were compared in detail and based on these four cytological patterns, Pattern 1, Pattern 2, Pattern 3, and Pattern 4 emerged and were characterized. This study highlights the usefulness of cytomorphology of the lymph nodes to characterize the cytopathological profile of TB in both HIV and DM, which have many clinical and immunological similarities, and indirectly postulate the extent of immune suppression and evolve effective strategies in the management of coexisting diseases. Such a comparative study has not been carried out in the past. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:75,80; DOI 10.1002/dc.10059 © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Milia in regressing plaques of mycosis fungoides: provoked by topical nitrogen mustard or not?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 12 2004Aylin Kalayciyan MD Objective, To report three cases of mycosis fungoides with milia formation in the regressing lesions. Patients and setting, Dermatology clinic of a university hospital (referral center). Three patients with mycosis fungoides with body surface involvement of 10% in one case (stage IIb) and exceeding 30% in two cases (stages IIb and III). All patients were treated with photochemotherapy and topical nitrogen mustard ointment in a concentration of 0.01%. After approximately 3 months multiple milia erupted on regressing plaques. Results, The presence of milia was evident and was confirmed by histopathology. Regression of mycosis fungoides was noted in these plaques both clinically and in comparison with the pretreatment histologic appearance. Two of the patients showed a histological picture of follicular mucinosis. Conclusions, We do not know the significance of milia in mycosis fungoides (MF). However, we suggest that follicular rupture or a degenerative process might result in milia formation. [source] Calciphylaxis in two patients with end-stage renal diseaseJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 5 2001G Filosa Abstract Fatal calciphylaxis (CPX) occurred in two 71-year-old females both requiring haemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. Case 2 also had an associated follicular lymphoplasmocytoid lymphoma. Although laboratory tests disclosed normal coagulation parameters, this woman had a striking cutaneous histological picture of vessel thrombosis and finally died of disseminated intravascular coagulation. CPX is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of renal failure. The clinical picture is primarily characterized by livedoid purpura with subsequent cutaneous ischaemia and painful ulcerations. Cutaneous ischaemic phenomena are sustained by a progressive process of vascular calcification and thrombosis involving small to medium size arteries of the dermis and subcutis. Although not yet clearly explained, the pathogenetic role of a predisposing hypercoagulability state is currently the most frequently considered hypothesis. [source] SARS: clinical virology and pathogenesisRESPIROLOGY, Issue 2003John NICHOLLS Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a novel coronavirus, called the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Over 95% of well characterized cohorts of SARS have evidence of recent SARS-CoV infection. The genome of SARS-CoV has been sequenced and it is not related to any of the previously known human or animal coronaviruses. It is probable that SARS-CoV was an animal virus that adapted to human-human transmission in the recent past. The virus can be found in nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine and stools of SARS patients. Second generation reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays are able to detect SARS-CoV in nasopharyngeal aspirates of approximately 80% of patients with SARS within the first 3 days of illness. Seroconversion for SARS-CoV using immunofluorescence on infected cells is an excellent method of confirming the diagnosis, but antibody responses only appear around day 10 of the illness. Within the first 10 days the histological picture is that of acute phase diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with a mixture of inflammatory infiltrate, oedema and hyaline membrane formation. Desquamation of pneumocytes is prominent and consistent. After 10 days of illness the picture changes to one of organizing DAD with increased fibrosis, squamous metaplasia and multinucleated giant cells. The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of SARS is still unclear. [source] Eosinophilic cellulitis presented with semicircular patternTHE JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 11 2006Ozlem KARABUDAK ABSTRACT Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells' syndrome) is a rare condition of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. It is characterized by erythematous plaques and a histological picture of dermal eosinophilic infiltration with "flame figures". The typical clinical presentation of eosinophilic cellulitis is mildly pruritic cellulite-like plaques. Urticarial, vesiculo-bullous, nodular and papulonodular variants were also reported. Herein, we describe a patient with annular and semicircular manifestations of eosinophilic cellulitis. It was treated successfully with low-dose cyclosporine A treatment. [source] Acute viral lymphadenitis mimicking low-grade peripheral T-cell lymphoma A clinicopathological study of nine cases,APMIS, Issue 6 2001Masaru Kojima Acute viral lymphadenitis, especially infectious mononucleosis (IM), often shows the presence of Reed-Sternberg-like cells, resulting in confusion with Hodgkin's disease. However, acute viral lymphadenitis requiring differential diagnosis from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is not widely recognized. We describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of lymph node lesions from nine such patients which pose serious problems of differential diagnosis from low-grade peripheral T-cell lymphoma. There were three males and six females with ages ranging from 21 to 44 years (median 25 years). All patients had "B" symptoms and multicentric lymphadenopathy. The clinical course was also self-limiting. Each lymph node specimen showed an obvious expansion of an interfollicular area by pleomorphic and polymorphous infiltration with an increased number of arborizing postcapillary venules. The infiltrate was composed of variable numbers of small and medium-sized lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasma cells in various stage of maturation and occasional granulocytes. The small lymphocytes usually had regular round nuclei, whereas the medium-sized lymphocytes occasionally showed nuclear pleomorphism. Hyperreactivity of B-lymphocytes, including hyperplastic germinal centers and/or foci of monocytoid B-cells, was seen in parts of the lesion. The majority of the interfollicular T-lymphocytes, including T-immunoblasts, expressed CD8 antigen. Various numbers of TIA-1-positive small and medium-sized T-cells were observed in the paracortical area. Despite these findings, the overall histological picture of this series posed serious difficulties when differentially diagnosing this condition from low-grade peripheral T-cell lymphomas such as angioimmunoblastic T-cell (AILD) and T-zone types, indicating that viral lymphadenitis occasionally presents with histological features of AILD and T-zone lymphomas. To avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment, we emphasize the need to pay careful attention to the clinical and laboratory findings as well as the morphological features. [source] Hypermelanocytic guttate and macular segmental hypomelanosisBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2004W. Westerhof Summary We report two sisters, 27 and 30 years of age, with a cutaneous pigmentary anomaly, which seems to be a new entity. At the age of 26 years the elder sister developed an asymptomatic and persistent rash consisting of discrete, grouped, round to oval, guttate and nummular, hypopigmented macules, 0·2,5 cm in diameter. The distribution of the lesions was unilateral. They were located on the right side of the thorax with a moderately sharp demarcation in the mid-line and ran in a segmental distribution over the right arm, hand and fingers. Microscopic examination of lesional skin scrapings was negative for fungi. Examination with Wood's light accentuated the lesions from the surrounding normal skin. The younger sister had experienced identical, mostly guttate, skin lesions for many years, which at examination were distributed on all extremities and buttocks, and to a lesser degree on the trunk, but here in a segmental distribution. Histological examination (Masson,Fontana staining) of lesional skin of both sisters was identical. A slightly thinned epidermis and a marked decrease in pigmentation of the epidermal basal layer was seen. Electron microscopic examination of lesional skin showed an overall linear increase of morphologically and cytologically normal melanocytes just above the epidermal basal membrane. At many places the density of melanocytes was so high that the keratinocytes were displaced from the basal layer. The melanocytic dendrites extended into the suprabasal layer. The keratinocytes of lesional skin showed a decreased number of melanosomes. It is paradoxical that a hypomelanotic macule shows a histological picture of an increase in normal functioning melanocytes. In all probability a deficient melanosome transfer is responsible for this unexpected phenomenon. [source] Wells' syndrome following thiomersal-containing vaccinationsAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2003Karen J Koh SUMMARY A 3½-year-old boy presented on three occasions with painful, itchy, oedematous plaques on his limbs. On two occasions he had received hepatitis B vaccination 11,13 days previously, and on the third occasion received triple antigen (DTP) vaccination 10 days earlier. Skin biopsy revealed a prominent infiltrate of eosinophils involving the entire thickness of the dermis. In addition there were prominent ,flame figures' consisting of eosinophilic necrotic collagen surrounded by granular basophilic debris. The clinical and histological pictures were consistent with Wells' syndrome. The eruption settled on the second and third occasions with 0.1% mometasone furoate cream. Subsequent patch testing showed 2+ reaction to preservative thiomersal at 96 hours. This is the first description of Wells' syndrome with typical clinical and histopathological features associated with thiomersal in two different vaccines. [source] | ||||||||||