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Histological Groups (histological + groups)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Primary cancer of the sphenoid sinus,A GETTEC study,

HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 3 2009
Pierre Olivier Vedrine MD
Abstract Background. Primary involvement of the sphenoid sinus occurs in 2% of all paranasal sinus tumors and is associated with dismal prognosis. Optimal management remains debatable. Methods. A total of 23 patients were treated for a primary cancer of the sphenoid sinus from 1988 to 2004. Charts were reviewed for patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related parameters. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors for locoregional control and survival. Results. Cranial neuropathies were present in 12 patients. Pathologic findings included adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, melanoma, and malignant hemangiopericytoma. All but 2 patients had stages III to IV cancer. Radiotherapy was performed in 18 patients and chemotherapy in 12. Of 10 patients undergoing surgery, total excision with grossly negative margins was achieved in 4 patients and subtotal resection in 6. Median locoregional control and overall survival were 12 and 41 months, respectively. On multivariate analysis, cranial neuropathy was associated with worse locoregional control and survival. Surgery was rarely complete because of advanced stages at presentation, but it yielded better outcomes than other treatments without surgery in non lymphoma-cases. Conclusion. Early CT and MRI should be performed when facing aspecific, rhinological, or neuro-ophtalmological symptoms. Cranial neuropathies indicate a worse prognosis. Surgery, including debulking surgery, may be preferred to combined modality treatments without surgery. Its apparently favorable impact on prognosis would need to be tested in homogenous histological groups of patients, which is impossible because of the rarity of the disease. Highly conformal radiotherapy (adjuvant or definitive) should be encouraged and optimized with concurrent chemotherapy in advanced stages. Aggressive multidisciplinary management including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy should be encouraged and adapted on histology and tumor extensions. Progress is still warranted to improve outcomes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009 [source]

Risk factors for testicular cancer , differences between pure non-seminoma and mixed seminoma/non-seminoma?

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, Issue 4 2006
E. L. Aschim
Summary The origin of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) is believed to be carcinoma in situ cells developed in utero. Clinically, TGCCs are divided into two major histological groups, seminomas and non-seminomas, where the latter group includes non-seminomatous TGCCs with seminomatous components (mixed S/NS TGCC). Recent studies, however, have suggested that non-seminomas and mixed S/NS TGCCs could have certain differences in aetiology, and in this study the TGCCs were divided into three, rather than the conventional two histological groups. A large case-control study was undertaken on data on all live-born boys registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway during the period 1967,1998 (n = 961 396). Among these were 1087 TGCC cases registered in the Cancer Registry of Norway until February 2004. We found several risk factors for TGCC, including low parity, low gestational age, epilepsy and retained placenta. Several of the variables studied seemed to be risk factors for specific histological groups, e.g. parity 0 vs. 2 and low gestational age being associated with increased risk of non-seminomas, but not of mixed S/NS TGCC, and low maternal age being associated with increased risk of mixed S/NS TGCC, but not of non-seminomatous TGCC. Therefore, our results might suggest that non-seminomas and mixed S/NS TGCCs have partially different risk factors, whose associations may be obscured by combining these two histological groups. The histological groups were not significantly different, however. Most of our findings on risk factors for TGCC are in agreement with at least some previous studies. An unexplainable exception is low birth weight being associated with reduced risk of TGCC in our study. [source]

Second malignancies among survivors of germ-cell testicular cancer: A pooled analysis between 13 cancer registries

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2007
Lorenzo Richiardi
Abstract We investigated the risk of second malignancies among 29,511 survivors of germ-cell testicular cancer recorded in 13 cancer registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated comparing the observed numbers of second malignancies with the expected numbers obtained from sex-, age-, period- and population-specific incidence rates. Seminomas and nonseminomas, the 2 main histological groups of testicular cancer, were analyzed separately. During a median follow-up period of 8.3 years (0,35 years), we observed 1,811 second tumors, with a corresponding SIR of 1.65 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57,1.73). Statistically significant increased risks were found for fifteen cancer types, including SIRs of 2.0 or higher for cancers of the stomach, gallbladder and bile ducts, pancreas, bladder, kidney, thyroid, and for soft-tissue sarcoma, nonmelanoma skin cancer and myeloid leukemia. The SIR for myeloid leukemia was 2.39 (95% CI: 1.41,3.77) after seminomas, and 6.77 (95% CI: 4.14,10.5) after nonseminomas. It increased to 37.9 (95% CI: 18.9,67.8; based on 11 observed cases of leukemia) among nonseminoma patients diagnosed since 1990. SIRs for most solid cancers increased with follow-up duration, whereas they did not change with year of testicular cancer diagnosis. Among subjects diagnosed before 1980, 20 year survivors of seminoma had a cumulative risk of solid cancer of 9.6% (95% CI: 8.7,10.5%) vs. 6.5% expected, whereas 20 years survivors of nonseminoma had a risk of 5.0% (95% CI: 4.2,6.0%) vs. 3.1% expected. In conclusion, survivors of testicular cancers have an increased risk of several second primaries, where the effect of the treatment seems to play a major role. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Osteopontin is a new target molecule for ovarian clear cell carcinoma therapy

CANCER SCIENCE, Issue 8 2010
Motoki Matsuura
Recent studies have demonstrated overexpression of osteopontin (OPN) in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Here, we revealed the role of OPN in invasiveness in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. We used immunofluorescence analysis to detect OPN in a total of 160 patient-derived specimens. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell lines, RMG-1 and TOV-21G, were used to monitor changes in OPN and integrin levels, and cell invasiveness following treatment with OPN, simvastatin, and transfection with siRNA. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed statistically significant differences among the histological groups, and ovarian clear cell carcinoma expressed a strong OPN signal. The OPN receptors, alpha v and 5, and beta 1 and 3 integrins, were increased after treatment with OPN. Invasion assays indicated that OPN enhanced in vitro extracellular matrix invasion dose-dependently in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Simvastatin significantly reduced expression of OPN and the integrins, and decreased ECM invasion. RNA interference also suppressed ECM invasion. These results suggest that down- or up-regulation of OPN is involved in carcinoma cell invasion. We thus conclude that OPN regulation could have a crucial role in ovarian clear cell carcinoma therapy. (Cancer Sci 2010) [source]