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Histological Differentiation (histological + differentiation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	80%
Life Sciences	20%

Selected Abstracts

Proteomic profiling reveals the prognostic value of adenomatous polyposis coli,end-binding protein 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma,

HEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2008
Tatsuya Orimo
Histological differentiation is a major pathological parameter associated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the molecular signature underlying HCC differentiation may involve key proteins potentially affecting the malignant characters of HCC. To develop prognostic biomarkers for HCC, we examined the global protein expression profiles of 45 surgically resected tissues, including 27 HCCs with different degree of histological differentiation, 11 adjacent nontumor tissues, and seven normal liver tissues. Unsupervised classification grouped the 45 samples according to their histological classification based on the protein expression profiles created by laser microdissection and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Statistical analysis and mass spectrometry identified 26 proteins with differential expression, of which 14 were functionally linked to c-Myc, AP-1, HIF1A, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, or the Ras superfamily (RhoA, CDC42, and Rac1). Among the proteins identified, we focused on APC-binding protein EB1 (EB1) because it was dominantly expressed in poorly differentiated HCCs, which generally correlate with the poor prognosis in patients with HCC. In addition, EB1 is controlled by c-Myc, RhoA, and CDC42, which have all been linked to HCC malignancy. Immunohistochemistry in a further 145 HCC cases revealed that EB1 significantly correlated with the degree of histological differentiation (P < 0.001), and univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that EB1 is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.740; 95% confidence interval, 1.771,4.239; P < 0.001) and survival (hazard ratio, 2.256; 95% confidence interval, 1.337,3.807; P = 0.002) of patients with HCC after curative surgery. Conclusion: Proteomic profiling revealed the molecular signature behind the progression of HCC, and the prognostic value of EB1 in HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2008;48:1851-1863.) [source]

Androgen Receptor Expression Helps to Differentiate BCC From Trichoblastoma and Trichoepithelioma

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2005
L. Izikson
Histological differentiation between basal cell carcinoma and benign trichoblastic neoplasms such as trichoepithelioma and trichoblastoma can be difficult on small biopsies. Therefore, several attempts have been made to identify immunohistochemical differences between these entities. Recent studies showed androgen receptor expression in a number of mature epithelial structures in the skin and in epithelial neoplasms including basal cell carcinoma. In contrast, androgen receptor expression was absent in mature hair follicles or the few trichogenic neoplasms studied to date. These findings suggested that androgen receptor expression might be a useful adjunct in the histological differential diagnosis between basal cell carcinoma and benign trichoblastic neoplasms. Therefore, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of androgen receptor expression in 32 basal cell carcinomas and 10 benign trichoblastic tumors (6 trichoepitheliomas and 4 trichoblastomas). In our study, expression of androgen receptor was detected in 78% of basal cell carcinomas. None of the trichoblastic tumors showed any androgen receptor immunoreactivity. These results confirm the lack of androgen receptor expression in benign trichoblastic neoplasms and indicate that finding of androgen receptor expression points to basal cell carcinoma as the most likely diagnosis. [source]

Proteomic profiling reveals the prognostic value of adenomatous polyposis coli,end-binding protein 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma,

High tumor tissue concentration of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is associated with good prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2003
Christer Borgfeldt
Abstract The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system is involved in tumor growth and metastasis. We assayed the components of the uPA system in homogenates of 64 primary epithelial ovarian tumors and 5 metastases and evaluated the association of these parameters to prognosis in the 51 malignant cases. The levels of uPA, PAI-2 and the uPA:PAI-1 complex increased with progressive loss of histological differentiation (ptrend <0.001, <0.05 and <0.001). The level of PAI-1 was higher in poorly than in well/moderately differentiated tumors (p = 0.03). The content of uPAR was lower in benign tumors as compared to borderline malignancies (p = 0.002), invasive primary tumors (p < 0.001), and metastases (p = 0.002). Surprisingly, the level of uPAR was lower in poorly differentiated as compared to both borderline (p = 0.01) and well differentiated malignant tumors (p = 0.005). Also, the level of uPAR was lower in advanced as compared to early stages of the disease (ptrend = 0.002). The median follow-up time for patients was 5.8 years. High tumor tissue levels of uPAR were associated with longer postoperative survival (HR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2,0.8, p = 0.01). In contrast, shorter survival was evident in patients with high tumor levels of uPA from 2 years on after operation (HR = 4.6, 95% CI = 1.2,17, p = 0.02). High tPA levels tended to be associated with shorter overall survival after 2 years (HR = 2.9, 95% 95% CI = 0.9,9.8, p = 0.08). Although high tumor tissue content of uPAR was associated with a less aggressive phenotype characterized by well differentiated histology and longer survival, low content of uPAR in the poorly differentiated tumors and metastases presumably results from increased elimination of uPAR. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Patterns of spatial and temporal cranial muscle development in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae)

JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, Issue 9 2007
Janine M. Ziermann
Abstract The African Clawed Toad, Xenopus laevis, has been a major vertebrate model organism for developmental studies for half a century. Because most studies have focused on the early stages of development, this has had the effect that many aspects of organogenesis and later development remain relatively poorly known in this species. In particular, little is known about cranial muscle development even at the level of morphology and histological differentiation of muscle anlagen and muscle fibers. In this study, we document the morphogenesis and histological differentiation of cranial muscles in X. laevis. We provide a detailed account of the timing of development for each of the cranial muscles, and also describe a new muscle, the m. transversus anterior. The cranial musculature of X. laevis larvae generally develops in a rostrocaudal sequence. The first muscles to differentiate are the extrinsic eye muscles. Muscles of the mandibular and hyoid arches develop almost simultaneously, and are followed by the muscles of the branchial arches and the larynx, and by the mm. geniohyoideus and rectus cervicis. Despite the fact that differentiation starts at different stages in the different muscles, most are fully developed at Stage 14. These baseline data on the timing of muscle differentiation in the X. laevis can serve as a foundation for comparative studies of heterochronic changes in cranial muscle development in frogs and other lissamphibians. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of Fshr and Lhr in relation to Fshb and Lhb subunits during the period of temperature-dependent sex determination in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis

MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2010
Takahiro Shinoda
In this study, we cloned and characterized the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (Fshr) and luteinizing hormone receptor (Lhr) cDNAs of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), and analyzed their expression in relation to Fshb and Lhb subunits during gonadogenesis at temperatures producing only females (17°C, FPT), both sexes (25°C, MixPT), and only males (29°C, MPT). The pejerrey Fshr cDNA had 3,069,bp for a mature protein of 694 amino acids (aa) and a signal peptide of 22 aa; the Lhr cDNA had 2,936,bp for a mature protein of 676 aa and a signal peptide of 25 aa. With the exception of Lhr in fish at the MPT, all genes showed significant increases and/or peaks of expression before histological differentiation of the gonads regardless of temperature. Larvae at the FPT had lower Fshb and Lhb but higher Lhr expression during the TSD period than those at the MPT; a clear pattern could not be ascertained for Fshr. At the MixPT, Fshb, Lhb, and Lhr mRNA increased in approximately half of the fish during TSD and sex differentiation and the sex ratio was 55.2% male. Based on the above results, it is suggested that animals with high Fshb and Lhb and low Lhr values represent putative males. These evidences, together with other studies, suggest that temperature may signal through the pituitary (differential expression of Fshb and Lhb) down to the gonads (differential expression of Lhr), probably affecting the regulation of steroidogenesis during the TSD process of pejerrey. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 521,532, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Increased staining for phosphorylated AKT and nuclear factor-,B p65 and their relationship with prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 12 2008
Rui-Xia Guo
AKT plays an important role in malignant behavior of tumors. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression of phosphorylated AKT (P-AKT) and nuclear factor-,B (NF-,B) p65 and their association with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in epithelial ovarian tumor. On immunohistochemistry 115 samples of ovarian tissue that included 68 specimens of epithelial ovarian cancer, 12 of borderline tumor, 24 of epithelial benign tumor and 11 of normal ovary, were evaluated. Sixty-three patients with ovarian cancer were followed up from 7 to 68 months. The positive expression rate of P-AKT and NF-,B p65 were higher in epithelial ovarian cancer than in normal ovarian tissue (P < 0.01). Elevated P-AKT or NF-,B p65 expression was significantly correlated with late clinical stage (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) and poor histological differentiation (both P < 0.01). P-AKT expression was significantly correlated with NF-,B p65 immunostaining (, = 0.272, P < 0.05). Elevated expression of P-AKT was negatively correlated with the survival of ovarian cancer patients, but it was not an independent prognostic factor after multivariate analysis. Overexpression of P-AKT and NF-,B p65 were involved in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of ovarian cancer. P-AKT might contribute to the malignant transformation through NF-,Bp65 upregulation. [source]

Apoptosis as an independent prognostic indicator in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 7 2001
Hiroshi Shibata
Apoptosis plays a crucial role in determining net cell proliferation and cell turnover in various tumors. The rate of apoptosis in tumor cells has been reported to be a useful prognostic indicator in colorectal carcinoma. We examined apoptosis in 72 specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) digoxigenin,nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. We examined correlation of apoptosis with outcome, clinicopathological features, and expression of the apoptosis-related proteins p53 and Bcl-2. The percentage of apoptotic cells, or apoptotic index (AI), ranged from 0.8 to 9.4 (mean: 3.47; SD: 2.02). Overall, 5-year survival of patients with high AI (AI , 5.0; n= 18) tumors was significantly higher than that of patients with low AI tumors (AI < 5.0; n= 58; 76.9% versus 44.9%; P= 0.042). AI did not correlate significantly with the clinicopathological features of patient age and sex, depth of tumor and histological differentiation, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, or venous invasion. In p53-negative tumors, the AI was significantly higher than in p53-positive tumors. We concluded that AI may be a useful prognostic indicator in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma following curative surgery, and that apoptosis in this tumor is related to relative underexpression of p53 protein. [source]

Folliculogenesis and Morphometry of Oocyte and Follicle Growth in the Feline Ovary

REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 2 2009
K Reynaud
Contents This study was designed to describe, both quantitatively (morphometry) and qualitatively (histological differentiation), follicle and oocyte growth in the feline ovary. The ovaries of 43 cats were collected and processed for histology. The diameters of 832 follicle/oocyte pairs were measured, with and without zona pellucida (ZP), and a special emphasis was placed on the study of early folliculogenesis. Primordial, primary, secondary, pre-antral and early antral follicles were measured at 44.3, 86.2, 126.0, 155.6 and 223.8 ,m in diameter respectively. A biphasic pattern of follicle and oocyte growth was observed. Before antrum formation, follicle (x) and oocyte (y) size were positively and linearly correlated (y = 0.500x + 20.01, r2 = 0.89). Antrum formation occurred when the follicle reached 160,200 ,m in diameter (when oocyte was at 102 ,m). After antrum formation, a decoupling was observed, a minimal increase in oocyte size contrasting with a significant follicle development (y = 0.001x + 114.39, r2 = 0.01). The pre-ovulatory follicle diameter was approximately 3500 ,m and the maximal oocyte diameter was 115 ,m. The ZP, absent in primordial and primary follicles, appeared at the secondary stage and reached almost 6 ,m at the pre-ovulatory stage. These results suggest that (i) in feline ovary, follicle and oocyte growth pattern is similar to that observed in other mammals; (ii) the antrum forms in 160,200 ,m follicles, which represents 5% of the pre-ovulatory diameter and (iii) the oocyte had achieved more than 90% of its maximal growth at the stage of antrum formation. [source]

Colorectal carcinoma in young adults: a retrospective study on Indian patients: 2000,2008

COLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 10Online 2010
S. Gupta
Abstract Aim, To highlight an increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) amongst young Indian adults. Method, A retrospective study of 305 cases of CRC admitted to SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India during 2000,2008 was carried out. Results, The ratio (0.64) of under-40 to above-40 CRC patients reported in this study is comparable to those from premier Oncology Centers in India (,0.52) and is higher than those in the Indian National Cancer Registry (,0.20) and international average (0.07). Distinctive tumour characteristics in younger patients including left-sided lesion (69.7%), presentation at an advanced (III/IV) stage (60%), poor histological differentiation (50%) and predominance of mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma (80%) are similar to those reported in the international literature. Some features are suggestive of hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome, which may be a possible reason for the high proportion of young CRC patients. Conclusion, A high index of suspicion for CRC among young Indian adults is necessary. [source]