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Histological Criteria (histological + criterion)
Selected AbstractsEvaluation of accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology for diagnosis of canine mammary tumours: comparative features with human tumoursCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2007G. D. Cassali Objective:, The authors evaluated the accuracy of the fine needle aspiration cytology technique in the diagnosis of 77 canine mammary gland tumours using the same cytological and histological criteria currently applied to the diagnosis of human breast cancer. Methods:, The study was performed in 73 pure or mixed-breed female dogs submitted to surgical resections of ,mammary tumours'. All cytological smears were stained by routine May-Grunwald,Giemsa and Papanicolaou stains. Results:, We obtained a correct cyto-histological correlation in 52/77 cases (67.5%) when all cytopathological examinations were considered, and in 52/56 cases (92.9%) when the inconclusive cases were excluded from the analysis. Conclusion:, Our results demonstrate that, because of the similarity of the cytological findings in the human and canine mammary gland tumours, it is possible to use the same cytological criteria applied in human pathology for the diagnosis of canine mammary gland tumours. [source] Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patientsJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Nils Weigelt Background: To date, there has been no systematic investigation of the detailed histological features of prurigo nodularis (PN) in a large cohort of patients. Methods: This retrospective study includes skin biopsies of 136 patients (63 males, 73 females; mean age: 58.38 years) with PN. Results: Highly characteristic for PN is the presence of thick compact orthohyperkeratosis; the hairy palm sign (folliculosebaceous units in nonvolar skin in conjunction with a thick and compact cornified layer, like that of volar skin); irregular epidermal hyperplasia or pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia; focal parakeratosis; hypergranulosis; fibrosis of the papillary dermis with vertically arranged collagen fibers; increased number of fibroblasts and capillaries; a superficial, perivascular and/or interstitial inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, macrophages and, to a lesser extent, eosinophils and neutrophils. For comparison, histological findings in 45 patients (18 males, 27 females; mean, 55.64 years) with lichen simplex (LS) were studied. PN and LS, both of them scratch-induced, had 50 of 58 (86.2%) histological features in common. Conclusions: PN revealed a characteristic histological pattern. Absence of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia or nerve fiber thickening, however, does not rule out the histological diagnosis of PN. A correlation of clinical and histological findings is necessary to reliably distinguish between PN and LS. Weigelt N, Metze D, Ständer S. Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patients. [source] Histological evolution of lentiginous melanoma: a report of five new casesJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Tracy Davis Background:, The term lentiginous melanoma was recently used for atypical melanocytic proliferations sharing some histological features with lentigo maligna and associated with a protracted in situ stage before invasion. Lentiginous melanoma was characterized by predominantly single-cell lentiginous growth pattern with focal junctional nests and pagetoid spread, preservation of the dermoepidermal junction, limited cytological atypia, and lack of significant solar elastosis. We report five similar cases. Methods:, Histological review of routine sections with clinicopathological correlation. Results:, Three patients were male and two were female. The age at presentation ranged from 24 to 66 years. All lesions arose on the truck or proximal extremities. All five cases fulfilled histological criteria proposed for lentiginous melanoma. None of the lesions showed significant solar elastosis. One lesion was followed clinically and histologically for 16 years without intervening treatment. It had three local recurrences before culminating in invasive melanoma. Conclusions:, Our observations support recent efforts to distinguish lentiginous melanoma as a distinct clinicopathological entity. Lentiginous melanoma can remain in situ for a long time before invasion and may be considered an analogue of lentigo maligna occurring on non-severely sun-damaged skin. Familiarity with the histological features of this variant is important for its early recognition and treatment. [source] Regulation of post-larval development in the European eel: thyroid hormone level, progress of pigmentation and changes in behaviourJOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2003I. M. Jegstrup Based on thyroid hormone concentrations and histological criteria, glass eels of Anguilla anguilla caught in the French Atlantic coast in January and November were found to be late metamorphic. The pigmentation of the glass eels was demonstrated to be regulated by thyroid hormones, and evidence is given that together, the end of the progression of pigmentation, a fully developed gut and a change in behaviour marked the end of metamorphosis. [source] White sponge naevus with minimal clinical and histological changes: report of three casesJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 5 2006Alberta Lucchese White sponge naevus (WSN) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that predominantly affects non-cornified stratified squamous epithelia: oral mucosa, oesophagus, anogenital area. It has been shown to be related to keratin defects, because of mutations in the genes encoding mucosal-specific keratins K4 and K13. We illustrate three cases diagnosed as WSN, following the clinical and histological criteria, with unusual appearance. They presented with minimal clinical and histological changes that could be misleading in the diagnosis. The patients showed diffuse irregular plaques with a range of presentations from white to rose coloured mucosae involving the entire oral cavity. In one case the lesion was also present in the vaginal area. The histological findings included epithelial thickening, parakeratosis and extensive vacuolization of the suprabasal keratinocytes, confirming WSN diagnosis. Clinical presentation and histopathology of WSN are discussed in relation to the differential diagnosis of other oral leukokeratoses. [source] Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) increases the articular cartilage type II collagen in a rat osteoarthritis modelJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2010Kiyohito Naito Abstract In this study, the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on cartilage was evaluated in a rat osteoarthritis (OA) model using serum biomarkers such as CTX-II (type II collagen degradation) and CPII (type II collagen synthesis) as well as histological criteria (Mankin score and immunohistochemical type II collagen staining). OA was surgically induced in the knee joint of rats by anterior cruciate/medial collateral ligament transection and medial meniscus resection (ACLT,+,MMx). Animals were divided into three groups: sham-operated group (Sham), ACLT,+,MMx group without LIPUS (,LIPUS), and ACLT,+,MMx group with LIPUS (+LIPUS; 30 mW/cm2, 20 min/day for 28 days). CTX-II levels were elevated in both ,LIPUS and +LIPUS groups compared to that in the Sham group after the operation, but there was no significant difference between +LIPUS and ,LIPUS groups, suggesting that LIPUS does not affect the degradation of type II collagen in this model. In contrast, CPII was significantly increased in +LIPUS group compared to ,LIPUS and Sham. Moreover, histological damage on the cartilage (Mankin score) was ameliorated by LIPUS, and type II collagen was immunohistochemically increased by LIPUS in the cartilage of an OA model. Of interest, mRNA expression of type II collagen was enhanced by LIPUS in chondrocytes. Together these observations suggest that LIPUS is likely to increase the type II collagen synthesis in articular cartilage, possibly via the activation of chondrocytes and induction of type II collagen mRNA expression, thereby exhibiting chondroprotective action in a rat OA model. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:361,369, 2010 [source] Apoptosis is associated with CD36/fatty acid translocase upregulation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitisLIVER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2010Lars P. Bechmann Abstract Background & aims: Hepatocyte apoptosis is a key event in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We studied the effect of obesity on free fatty acid (FFA) levels, fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) and on extrinsic and intrinsic activation of apoptosis in the liver. Methods: Liver biopsies were harvested from 52 morbidly obese patients [body mass index (BMI): 53.82±1.41; age: 45±10.50; 15 males/37 females] undergoing bariatric surgery, and were scored for NASH, evaluated for fibrosis, and investigated for intrahepatic expression of FATPs, death receptors and cytosolic apoptosis-related molecules. Findings were correlated with serum FFA levels and the degrees of intrahepatic (terminal dUTP nick end labelling) and systemic (M30) apoptosis. Results: In patients' liver sections, FATPs as well as select parameters of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis were found to be upregulated (CD36/FAT: × 11.56; FATP-5: × 1.33; CD95/Fas: × 3.18; NOXA: × 2.79). These findings correlated with significantly elevated serum FFAs (control: 14.72±2.32 mg/dl vs. patients: 23.03±1.24 mg/dl) and M30 levels (control: 83.12±7.46 U/L vs. patients: 212.61±22.16 U/L). We found correlations between FATPs and apoptosis mediators as well as with histological criteria of NASH and fibrosis. Conclusions: Increased FFA and FATPs are associated with extrinsically and intrinsically induced apoptosis, liver damage and fibrosis in obese patients. Thus, FATPs may offer an interesting new approach to understand and potentially intervene NASH pathogenesis. [source] Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantationLIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 7 2002Ivo W. Graziadei MD Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has become the only effective therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease caused by primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Excellent long-term outcome has been reported, with 5-year patient survival rates of approximately 80%. In the last few years, increasing evidence has emerged that PSC recurs after OLT. The diagnosis of PSC is based on well-defined cholangiographic features combined with biochemical and histological findings. However, none of these features is specific for PSC, particularly after OLT, because biliary strictures in the liver allograft can occur from a variety of causes other than recurrence. Therefore, PSC recurrence remains a controversial issue, especially because of a lack of a gold standard for diagnosis and well-established diagnostic criteria. Some reports provided cholangiographic evidence that post-OLT biliary strictures occurred more frequently in patients with PSC than in those who underwent OLT for other liver diseases (including patients with a Roux-en-Y biliary reconstruction). Because no other possible cause of biliary strictures could be invoked to explain the greater prevalence of these strictures, recurrent disease has been implicated. There also is histological evidence suggesting that PSC recurs after OLT. Histological findings suggestive of PSC were found more often in PSC allografts compared with a control group. Furthermore, histological features typical for PSC (fibro-obliterative lesions) were seen exclusively in liver biopsy specimens from patients with PSC. Recurrence of PSC was defined in a recent study from the Mayo Clinic by means of strict cholangiographic and histological criteria in a large cohort of patients with PSC in whom other causes of biliary strictures were excluded. PSC recurrence was found in 20% of patients. No risk factor for PSC recurrence could be found, and recurrent disease did not influence patient or graft survival after a mean follow-up of 4.5 years. In conclusion, several studies provided convincing evidence that PSC recurs after OLT, with an incidence of 5% to 20% and an interval to diagnosis of at least 1 year after OLT. To date, patient and graft survival do not appear to be negatively affected by disease recurrence in the intermediate term of follow-up. (Liver Transpl 2002;8:575-581.) [source] Reassessment of histopathology and dermoscopy findings in 145 Japanese cases of melanocytic nevus of the sole: Toward a pathological diagnosis of early-stage malignant melanoma in situPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2010Ling Jin Recently, dermoscopic visualization has been improved, allowing for the identification of malignant melanoma (MM) of the sole in situ. When the parallel ridge pattern is evident on dermoscopy, the proliferation of solitarily arranged melanocytes in the crista profunda intermedia should be examined histologically, since this may be a clue to the early diagnosis of MM in situ. We reviewed 145 Japanese cases of melanocytic nevus on the sole, and investigated several useful histological features for the diagnosis of MM in situ using a recent proposal as well as several standard histological criteria of MM in situ. Five cases were considered to be an early-stage MM in situ out of 145 cases previously diagnosed as melanocytic nevi of the sole. These cases showed several specific features, including solitarily arranged melanocytes or melanocyte nests comprising fewer than four cells. Our findings indicate that early-stage MM of the sole in situ can be diagnosed by using new dermoscopy-related histological findings. They are (i) irregular distribution of solitary melanocytes at the crista profunda intermedia with or without small nests (up to three melanocytes) on the slope of rete ridges; and (ii) larger melanocytes with a halo around the nucleus. [source] Non-invasive papillary urothelial neoplasms: The 2004 WHO/ISUP classification systemPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2010Hiroshi Miyamoto The classification and grading of papillary urothelial neoplasms has been a long-standing subject of controversy. Previously, numerous diverse grading schemes for bladder tumor, including the 1973 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, existed whereby one of the major limitations was poor inter-observer reproducibility among pathologists. The WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus classification system of urothelial neoplasms of the urinary bladder was developed in 1998 and was revised most recently in 2003 (published in 2004). Importantly, the current classification system provides detailed histological criteria for papillary urothelial lesions and allows for designation of a lesion (papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential) with a negligible risk of progression. Thus, the latest system is designed to be a universally acceptable one for bladder tumors that not only could be effectively used by pathologists, urologists, and oncologists, but also stratifies the tumors into prognostically significant categories. This article outlines the 2004 WHO/ISUP classification system regarding the specific histological criteria for non-invasive papillary urothelial neoplasms and the clinical significance of each category. [source] Gonadal structure analysis of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) from a wild population: a new insight into the morphotype characterizationAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 7 2009Gicelle Maria Farias Da Silva Abstract The aim of this work is to correlate the histological gonad analysis of adult male Macrobrachium amazonicum of a wild population with morphotypes identified in populations reared in earthen ponds. A total of 500 adult male specimens were collected in the Mosqueiro Island, Municipality of Belém, State of Pará, Brazil. The animals were classified on the basis of body and cheliped colour, second right cheliped spination, total length, cheliped length and weight. The gonads of each morphotype were fixed, processed by histological techniques and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. All four morphotypes, translucent claw (TC), cinnamon claw (CC), green claw 1 (GC1) and green claw 2 (GC2), were identified in the wild population, indicating the same population structure described for cultured animals. The M. amazonicum testes are composed of multiple lobes. The TC gonads showed a population of germ cells in the eccentric portion of the seminiferous tubule and few spermatozoa in the central region. Cinnamon claw males exhibited a large cell population with intense meiotic activity and sparse spermatozoa. Regardless of the different external morphologies of GC1 and GC2, no histological differences were found in their gonads; both had a large number of gametes and similar spermatogenic cell population. Despite the external morphological evidences of the four morphotypes, the histological criteria indicate the existence of only three morphotypes: TC, CC and green claw (GC). [source] Folliculotropic T-cell lymphocytosis (mucin-poor follicular mucinosis)AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2000Steven Kossard SUMMARY A 48-year-old man presented with multiple asymptomatic patches of hair loss over his trunk and limbs associated with focal keratotic follicular plugs. Multiple skin biopsies showed a panfollicular lymphocytic infiltrate associated with follicular hyperkeratinization, minimal follicular spongiosis, focal basaloid follicular hyperplasia but no overt follicular mucinosis. The lymphocytes were small and there was no atypia. Immunoperoxidase stains showed that the follicular lymphocytes were T cells and predominantly CD4 positive with HLADr (LN3) expressed on their surface. There were insufficient clinical or histopathological features to make a diagnosis of folliculotropic T-cell lymphoma. This case currently may be classified best as folliculotropic T-cell lymphocytosis and may represent a mucin-poor counterpart of follicular mucinosis. Such cases may pursue an indolent course or may evolve to folliculotropic T-cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides or anaplastic lymphoma. The term folliculotropic T-cell lymphocytosis may be useful for similar cases lacking clinical or histological criteria for lymphoma and lacking follicular mucinosis. [source] Instrument-, age- and site-dependent variations of dermoscopic patterns of congenital melanocytic naevi: a multicentre studyBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2006S. Seidenari Summary Background, Recently, we identified and described dermoscopic aspects, present with a higher frequency in congenital melanocytic lesions with respect to acquired naevi. We also classified small- and medium-sized congenital naevi (CN) into nine subtypes according to their macroscopic and dermoscopic aspects. Objectives, Because the recognition of dermoscopic features may be instrument dependent, in this study, we wanted to check whether dermoscopic patterns specific for CN can be identified in digital images acquired by means of different instruments. We also wanted to check the validity of our previously proposed classification and assess possible age- and site-dependent variations of dermoscopic patterns and naevus subtypes. Patients/methods, Images corresponding to 384 small- or medium-sized CN were collected in eight different centres employing four different instruments. Lesion images were evaluated and checked for the presence of specific dermoscopic criteria, classified, and compared with a database of 350 acquired naevi. Results, Specific and unspecific dermoscopic features were identifiable in images acquired by means of all four instrument types. The mean number of identified features per lesion did not vary according to the instrument employed for the acquisition of the images; however, it was lower for lesions recorded employing low magnifications. The previously proposed classification was easily applied to the whole image database. The variegated naevus type was identified as a highly specific clinical/dermoscopic pattern. Dermoscopic features varied according to age and location. The globular type prevailed in subjects under 11 years of age and on the trunk, whereas the majority of reticular lesions were located on the limbs. Conclusions, Because definite clinical and histological criteria for the diagnosis of the congenital nature of naevi are lacking, the use of dermoscopy can be of great help in identifying those lesions where the presence of specific dermoscopic features makes the diagnosis of CN more likely. Moreover, dermoscopy can be useful both for the classification of lesions already identified as congenital according to definite clinical and anamnestic data and for a possible correlation of naevus phenotype and dermoscopic patterns to the risk of developing a malignant melanoma in prospective studies. [source] Defining cancer risk in dermatomyositis.CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Part I Summary The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) comprise polymyositis, myositis overlapping with another connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion-body myositis (IBM). IIMs are characterized by the presence of proximal muscle weakness, increased levels of muscle-specific enzymes, specific electromyographic abnormalities, and the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates in skeletal muscle. Clinical, serological and histological criteria can be used to define individual IIM subtypes. In the first of this two-part review series, we examine the evidence for the existence of cancer-associated myositis (CAM), and in part 2, we discuss recent discoveries that provide insight into identification of patients with DM, who may be most at risk of developing CAM. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||