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Histologic Study (histologic + study)
Selected AbstractsHistologic Study of Depressed Acne Scars Treated with Serial High-Concentration (95%) Trichloroacetic AcidDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 8 2006ANTHONY YUG MD BACKGROUND Acne scarring is a common manifestation that remains a therapeutic challenge to dermatologists, dermatologic surgeons, and plastic surgeons. Although multiple therapeutic modalities exist, treatment often remains inadequate. The use of high-concentration (95%) trichloroacetic acid (TCA) applied focally to atrophic acne scars has been described. OBJECTIVE The current study confirms the utility of focal application of 95% TCA to acne scars in addition to a histologic examination of this technique. METHODS Acne scars in three patients were treated with focal 95% TCA by serial application. Wooden applicators were used to apply TCA focally and repeated at 6-week intervals for a total of six treatments. Punch biopsies were performed at baseline and at 1 year postoperatively. Histologic examination was performed with routine hematoxylin/eosin, Masson trichrome, and Verhoeff-van Gieson staining. RESULTS Clinical examination revealed apparent cosmetic improvement in both depth and appearance of acne scars. Patient satisfaction was high. Histologic examination demonstrated a decrease in the depth of acne scars. In addition, increased collagen fibers and fragmentation of elastic fibers were noted. There were no complications from the procedure. CONCLUSION Focal application of high-concentration TCA to atrophic and "ice-pick" acne scars appears to produce clinical improvement. Histologic changes of this technique are described. [source] Comparison of Long-Pulsed Diode and Long-Pulsed Alexandrite Lasers for Hair Removal: A Long-Term Clinical and Histologic StudyDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 7 2001Christiane Handrick MD Background. Unwanted facial and body hair is a common problem, generating a high level of interest for treatment innovations. Advances in laser technology over the past several years has led to the development and distribution of numerous red and infrared lasers and light sources to address this issue. Despite the impressive clinical results that have been reported with the use of individual laser hair removal systems, long-term comparative studies have been scarce. Objective. To compare the clinical and histologic efficacy, side effect profile, and long-term hair reduction of long-pulsed diode and long-pulsed alexandrite laser systems. Methods. Twenty women with Fitzpatrick skin types I,IV and dark terminal hair underwent three monthly laser-assisted hair removal sessions with a long-pulsed alexandrite laser (755 nm, 2-msec pulse, 10 mm spot) and a long-pulsed diode laser (800 nm, 12.5 msec or 25 msec, 9 mm spot). Axillary areas were randomly assigned to receive treatment using each laser system at either 25 J/cm2 or 40 J/cm2. Follow-up manual hair counts and photographs of each area were obtained at each of the three treatment visits and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the final laser session. Histologic specimens were obtained at baseline, immediately after the initial laser treatment, and 1 and 6 months after the third treatment session. Results. After each laser treatment, hair counts were successively reduced and few patients found it necessary to shave the sparsely regrown hair. Optimal clinical response was achieved 1 month after the second laser treatment, regardless of the laser system or fluence used. Six months after the third and final treatment, prolonged clinical hair reduction was observed with no significant differences between the laser systems and fluences used. Histologic tissue changes supported the clinical responses observed with evidence of initial follicular injury followed by slow follicular regeneration. Side effects, including treatment pain and vesiculation, were rare after treatment with either laser system, but were observed more frequently with the long-pulsed diode system at the higher fluence of 40 J/cm2. Conclusion. Equivalent clinical and histologic responses were observed using a long-pulsed alexandrite and a long-pulsed diode laser for hair removal with minimal adverse sequelae. While long-term hair reduction can be obtained in most patients after a series of laser treatments, partial hair regrowth is typical within 6 months, suggesting the need for additional treatments to improve the rate of permanent hair removal. [source] Morphologic changes associated with functional adaptation of the navicular bone of horsesJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 5 2007V. A. Bentley Abstract Failure of functional adaptation to protect the skeleton from damage is common and is often associated with targeted remodeling of bone microdamage. Horses provide a suitable model for studying loading-related skeletal disease because horses are physically active, their exercise is usually regulated, and adaptive failure of various skeletal sites is common. We performed a histologic study of the navicular bone of three groups of horses: (1) young racing Thoroughbreds (n = 10); (2) young unshod ponies (n = 10); and (3) older horses with navicular syndrome (n = 6). Navicular syndrome is a painful condition that is a common cause of lameness and is associated with extensive remodeling of the navicular bone; a sesamoid bone located within the hoof which articulates with the second and third phalanges dorsally. The following variables were quantified: volumetric bone mineral density; cortical thickness (Ct.Th); bone volume fraction, microcrack surface density; density of osteocytes and empty lacunae; and resorption space density. Birefringence of bone collagen was also determined using circularly polarized light microscopy and disruption of the lacunocanalicular network was examined using confocal microscopy. Remodeling of the navicular bone resulted in formation of transverse secondary osteons orientated in a lateral to medial direction; bone collagen was similarly orientated. In horses with navicular syndrome, remodeling often led to the formation of intracortical cysts and development of multiple tidemarks at the articular surface. These changes were associated with high microcrack surface density, low bone volume fraction, low density of osteocytes, and poor osteocyte connectivity. Empty lacunae were increased in Thoroughbreds. Resorption space density was not increased in horses with navicular syndrome. Taken together, these data suggest that the navicular bone may experience habitual bending across the sagittal plane. Consequences of cumulative cyclic loading in horses with navicular syndrome include arthritic degeneration of adjacent joints and adaptive failure of the navicular bone, with accumulation of microdamage and associated low bone mass, poor osteocyte connectivity, and low osteocyte density, but not formation of greater numbers of resorption spaces. [source] Pagetoid dyskeratosis of the prepuce.JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 8 2000An incidental histologic finding resembling extramammary Paget's disease Background: Pale cells resembling those of paget's disease have been seen as an incidental finding within the epidermis in a variety of benign papules most commonly located in intertriginous areas. This lesion, called pagetoid dyskeratosis, is considered a reactive process in which a small part of the normal population of keratinocytes is induced to proliferate. Among the inductors friction is suspected. As far as we know, these cells have not been reported in the penis. Methods: Here we describe the location of the lesion in the foreskin and the incidence of this lesion in a group of 281 unselected patiets surgically treated for phimosis. In selected cases histochemical staining and immunohistochemical studies were performed. Results: Pagetoid dyskeratosis was found in 105 cases (37.4%) but only in 5 cases (1.8%) the lesion was conspicuous. The cells of pagetoid dyskeratosis show an immunohistochemical profile different from the surrounding keratinocytes characterized by premature keratinization. Pagetoid dyskeratosis cells must be distinguished from the artefactual clear cells of the epidermis, from reactive melanocytes, and from pale-cell acanthosis. In cases in which pagetoid dyskeratosis shows a florid expression there is a hazard of overdiagnosis to the patient. The main differential diagnosis includes extramammary Paget's disease, pagetoid squamous cell carcinoma in situ, epidermotropic metastasis, superficial spreading malignant melanoma, clear cell papulosis, and penile koilocytoses. Conclusions: The pathologist should be familiar with the histologic features of pagetoid dyskeratosis in the foreskin in order to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. Routine histologic study is usually sufficient to identify the lesion. [source] Histopathologic changes at "synovio,entheseal complexes" suggesting a novel mechanism for synovitis in osteoarthritis and spondylarthritisARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 11 2007Michael Benjamin Objective To determine the extent to which different entheses form part of a "synovio,entheseal complex" (SEC) and whether such SECs are commonly associated with the presence of inflammatory cells and evidence of enthesis microdamage. Methods Specimens from 49 cadaveric entheses were processed for histologic study, and all soft tissue components of the entheses or enthesis organs were examined. To exclude articular cartilage degeneration as a triggering factor for synovitis, the selected entheses included 17 that were not immediately adjacent to such cartilage. Results An SEC was present at 82% of entheses. These included 47% of the attachments not adjacent to articular cartilage, where the synovium was that of bursae or tendon sheaths. One or more of a wide variety of degenerative changes were noted on the soft tissue side of every enthesis; the most common changes were cell clustering and/or fissuring (in 76% of entheses). Synovial villus formation or inflammatory cell infiltration was seen in 85% of entheses, and in 73% of attachments there were also inflammatory cells in the enthesis organ itself. The changes included synovial invasion (pannus formation) of the enthesis. Conclusion Entheses are frequently juxtaposed to synovium, thus forming SECs. They are also often associated with both degenerative and inflammatory changes, and the latter may involve the immediately adjacent synovium. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which synovitis could develop in both degenerative joint disease and spondylarthritis. [source] A radiologic and histologic study of the os peroneum: Prevalence, morphology, and relationship to degenerative joint disease of the foot and ankle in a cadaveric sampleCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 6 2009C. Muehleman Abstract The present study investigated the prevalence of an os peroneum (OP, a sesamoid bone) in a cadaveric sample and its relationship to the shape of the cuboid tuberosity, and cartilage degeneration at the cuboid tuberosity and in regional joints within the foot (first metatarsophalangeal and calcaneocuboid) and ankle. The fibularis longus tendon of 33 embalmed human cadavers (mean age 81 years) were obtained from the anatomy laboratory. Nineteen of 64 tendons (30%) displayed an OP both radiographically and histologically. The os peronei ranged in size from small spicules to prominent masses: mean area 2.48 mm2 (left) and 2.70 mm2 (right). Histologically, the os peronei were cancellous bone, the largest occupying most of the tendon at the point of contact with the cuboid tuberosity. Fibrocartilage was present at their borders, merging with dense regular fibrous tissue and peritenon. The talocrural, calcaneocuboid, and first metatarsophalangeal joints were examined for cartilage integrity and osteophytes based on an earlier suggestion that there may be an association between degenerative joint disease and endochondral bone formation. There was no statistical correlation between presence of an OP with any of the following parameters: age, gender, body size, cartilage degeneration, or osteophytes within any of the joints examined. Therefore, the presence of an OP does not appear to be associated with increased endochondral ossification or degenerative joint disease. This study does not preclude the possibility that sesamoid bone formation may be associated with biomechanical functions within the foot; thus, future studies may be warranted. Clin. Anat. 22:747,754, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||