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Histologic Pattern (histologic + pattern)
Selected AbstractsPredominant formation of heavily pigmented dermal melanocytomas resembling ,animal-type' melanomas in hepatocyte growth factor (C57BL/6 × C3H)F1 mice following neonatal UV irradiationJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 9 2007Scott R. Florell Background:, Transgenic mice expressing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) develop cutaneous melanocytic tumors following neonatal UV exposure. Here, we examined the histologic spectrum of UV-induced melanocytic tumors in HGF mice on a pigmented (C57BL/6 × C3H/HeN)F1 background. Methods:, Neonatally irradiated (4000 J/m2) mice were monitored for 43 weeks, and 31/34 (91%) animals developed a total of 163 melanocytic tumors. Results:, Of 54 primary tumors analyzed, most (49/54, 91%) demonstrated exclusively dermal collections of epithelioid cells with voluminous densely pigmented cytoplasm. Seven of these also demonstrated a population of spindled cells with mitoses. Several (3/54, 6%) tumors exhibited a junctional component with melanocytes present in the epidermis. Staining with PEP8 confirmed the presence of interfollicular melanocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction in neonatal skin. Conclusions:, In contrast to HGF animals on an albino (FVB) background, HGF animals on the pigmented (C57BL/6 × C3H/HeN)F1 background do not develop classic radial growth phase melanoma but rather predominantly develop dermal melanocytomas resembling the ,animal-type' melanoma occasionally seen in humans. These results demonstrate the influence of genetic background on histologic pattern of UV-induced melanomas in mice. [source] The spectrum of cutaneous lesions in rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and pathological study of 43 patientsJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2003C. M. Magro Introduction:, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an idiopathic arthropathy syndrome that has a propensity to affect the small joints of the hands and feet with extra-articular manifestations comprising skin lesions, neuropathy, pericarditis, pleuritis, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and a systemic polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)-like vasculitic syndrome. The most widely recognized skin lesion is the rheumatoid nodule. Other skin manifestations are poorly defined. Materials and methods:, Using a natural language search of the authors' outpatient dermatopathology databases, skin biopsies from 43 patients with RA were selected for retrospective analysis in an attempt to define the dermatopathological spectrum of RA and its clinical correlates. Results:, The biopsies were categorized by the dominant histologic pattern, recognizing that in most cases there were additional minor reaction patterns. Palisading and/or diffuse interstitial granulomatous inflammation was the dominant pattern seen in 21 patients; the lesions included nodules, plaques and papules with a predilection to involve skin over joints. Besides interstitial histiocytic infiltrates and variable collagen necrobiosis, these cases also showed interstitial neutrophilia, vasculitis and pauci-inflammatory vascular thrombosis. The dominant morphology in 11 other patients was vasculopathic in nature: pauci-inflammatory vascular thrombosis, glomeruloid neovascularization, a neutrophilic vasculitis of pustular, folliculocentric, leukocytoclastic or benign cutaneous PAN types, granulomatous vasculitis, and lymphocytic vasculitis and finally occlusive intravascular histiocytic foci for which the designation of ,RA-associated intravascular histiocytopathy' is proposed. Rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity and active arthritis were common in this group, with anti-Ro and anticardiolipin antibodies being co-factors contributing to vascular injury in some cases. Immunofluorescent testing in three patients revealed dominant vascular IgA deposition. In nine patients, the main pattern was one of neutrophilic dermal and/or subcuticular infiltrates manifested clinically as urticarial plaques, pyoderma gangrenosum and panniculitis. Conclusions:, The cutaneous manifestations of RA are varied and encompass a number of entities, some of which define the dominant clinical features, such as the rheumatoid papule or subcutaneous cords, while others allude to the histopathology, i.e. rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis. We propose a more simplified classification scheme using the adjectival modifiers of ,rheumatoid-associated' and then further categorizing the lesion according to the dominant reaction pattern. Three principal reaction patterns are recognized, namely extravascular palisading granulomatous inflammation, interstitial and/or subcuticular neutrophilia and active vasculopathy encompassing lymphocyte-dominant, neutrophil-rich and granulomatous vasculitis. In most cases, an overlap of the three reaction patterns is seen. Co-factors for the vascular injury that we believe are integral to the skin lesions of RA include RF, anti-endothelial antibodies of IgA class, anti-Ro and anticardiolipin antibodies. [source] Immunohistochemical evidence of PTEN in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with the histological malignancy grading systemJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 7 2002Cristiane Helena Squarize Abstract PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a dual phosphatase protein capable of modulating membrane receptors and interaction of the cell and extracellular stimuli. PTEN regulates cell physiology such as division, differentiation/apoptosis and also migration and adhesion. The expression of PTEN was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in OSCC and compared to a well-established histological malignancy grading system. The well-differentiated OSCC were 59.1% and poorly differentiated were 40.9%. According to PTEN expression, the cases were 45.5% positive (the entire tumor showed stained), 22.7% mixed (both negative and positive cells were present) and 31.8% negative (no staining was seen in the tumor cells). PTEN expression in OSCC was related to the malignancy grade (P < 0.0005). Aggressive tumors with a high score of malignancy did not express PTEN, and clearly, the PTEN expression was present in the epithelium adjacent to the tumor. Negative cells were in the invasion border of the tumor. This result suggests that PTEN is related to histologic pattern and biological behavior of OSCC and may be a used as a prognostic marker in the future. The role of PTEN during carcinogenesis and as a biomarker should be further investigated. [source] Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma at atypical locations may be associated with increased numbers of large cells and a diffuse histologic componentAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2008David T. Yang Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) typically affects predictable lymph node groups with excellent treatment outcomes, but cases with a diffuse histologic pattern are associated with recurrence and rarely, cases will transform to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Although increased numbers of large cells has not been associated with poor prognosis, transformation is thought to histologically progress through a stage distinguished by increasing numbers of large atypical B-cells. From 55 cases of NLPHL, we describe a possible subset of NLPHL occurring in older individuals at atypical sites, associated with increased numbers of large cells, a diffuse histologic component, and expression of Bcl-2. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A cohort study of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases after the Chornobyl accident,CANCER, Issue 11 2006Pathology analysis of thyroid cancer cases in Ukraine detected during the first screening (1998-2000) Abstract BACKGROUND. The Ukrainian American Cohort Study evaluated the risk of thyroid disorders in a group of individuals who were younger than age 18 years at the time of the Chornobyl (Chernobyl) accident. In this article, the authors describe the pathology of thyroid carcinomas detected in the first screening. METHODS. From 1998 to 2000, 13,243 individuals completed the first cycle of screening examinations. Eighty patients underwent surgery between 1998 and 2004. Intraoperative and postoperative pathologic studies were performed at the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv. RESULTS. Pathologic analysis revealed 45 thyroid carcinomas, including 43 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) (95.6%) and 2 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) (4.4%). TNM classification (5th edition) of the PTCs included 8 T1 tumors (18.6%), 16 T2 tumors (37.2%), and 19 T4 tumors (44.2%). Fifteen PTCs (34.9%) were N1a,N1b, and 3 PTCs (7.0%) were M1. Among the PTCs, 8 exhibited the classical papillary histologic pattern (18.6%), 14 exhibited a follicular histologic pattern (32.6%), 5 exhibited a solid histologic pattern (11.6%), and 16 exhibited a mixed histologic pattern (37.2%). Both FTCs had a microfollicular-solid structure. Eleven of 20 cohort members who underwent surgery before the first screening had PTCs. Regional metastases (63.6%) and distant metastases (18.2%) were more common in this group. CONCLUSIONS. Multifocal growth, lymphatic and blood vessel invasion, extrathyroid spread, and regional and distant metastases were more frequent in less differentiated PTCs (>30% solid structure). Small carcinomas (,10 mm) comprised 23.3% of PTCs, and most of those (8 of 10 small carcinomas; 80%) were of the papillary-follicular subtype and therefore were more differentiated. The solid subtype of PTC was associated with shorter latency, especially in individuals who were diagnosed before the first screening. The histology of post-Chornobyl cancers is changing with time. Cancer 2006. Published 2006 by the American Cancer Society. [source] Prognostic factors in neuroendocrine small cell cervical carcinomaCANCER, Issue 3 2003A multivariate analysis Abstract BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathologic factors associated with survival in patients with neuroendocrine (NE) cervical carcinoma. METHODS All patients with NE cervical carcinoma diagnosed between 1979,2001 were identified from tumor registry databases at two hospitals. Data were collected from hospital charts, office records, and tumor registry files. The impact of clinical and pathologic risk factors on the survival of patients with small cell NE carcinoma of the cervix was evaluated using Kaplan,Meier life table analyses and log-rank tests. The independent prognostic factors found to be predictive of survival in univariate analysis were evaluated using Cox regression. All tests were two-tailed with P values < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS Thirty-four patients (median age, 42 years) were diagnosed with neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma, which included 21 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage I disease, 6 with FIGO Stage II disease, 5 with FIGO Stage III disease, and 2 with FIGO Stage IV disease. Seventeen patients underwent a radical and 6 patients underwent a simple hysterectomy. Fourteen women received adjuvant therapy with pelvic radiation and/or cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Ten women received primary radiotherapy with (n = 5) or without (n = 4) chemotherapy and the remaining patient refused therapy. Women with early-stage (Stage I-IIA) disease had median survival rates of 31 months compared with 10 months in the advanced-stage (Stage IIB-IVB) group (P = 0.002). In univariate analysis, advanced stage (P = 0.002), tumor size >2 cm (P = 0.02), margin involvement (P = 0.016), pure versus a mixed histologic pattern (P = 0.04), margin status (P = 0.016), and smoking (P = 0.04) were considered poor prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, smoking for early-stage patients and stage of disease in the overall population remained as independent prognostic factors of survival. CONCLUSIONS Smoking and advanced stage are reported to be poor prognostic factors for survival in patients with NE small cell carcinoma of the cervix. Only those with early lesions amenable to extirpation are cured. The role of primary or postoperative radiation with or without chemotherapy is unclear and yields uniformly poor results, particularly in patients with advanced lesions. Clinical trials are needed. Cancer 2003;97:568,74. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11086 [source] Benign cutaneous Degos' diseaseCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2003R. M. Ojeda Cuchillero Summary Malignant atrophic papulosis is a rare systemic vaso-occlusive disorder characterized by thrombosis of vessels of the dermis, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system and, occasionally, other organs. Cutaneous lesions consist of erythematous, dome-shaped papules that develop a central area of necrosis to leave a porcelain-like scar. The most accepted theory of pathogenesis is based on endothelial cell damage. There is no effective treatment of the disease. We describe a 26-year-old man with Degos' disease, a diagnosis based on the clinical and histologic pattern of skin lesions. The good response to antiplatelet therapy and the absence of systemic involvement over 8 years' follow-up is noteworthy. We believe that this case represents the benign form of the disease, typically referred to as benign cutaneous Degos' disease. [source] Myoepithelioma of the soft tissue of the head and neck: a case report and review of the literatureHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 5 2004Antonio Galvao Neto MD Abstract Background. Extraglandular myoepitheliomas are neoplasms that seldom occur in the soft tissue of the head and neck region. Misdiagnosis of these neoplasms as more aggressive tumors can lead to unnecessary treatment. Methods. We describe a myoepithelioma of cervical soft tissue. The histopathology of the tumor, its immunophenotype, its differential diagnosis, and a review of the literature are presented. Results. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of epithelioid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei arranged in cords and files. On immunohistochemical analysis, the cells expressed cytokeratin 14, calponin, glial fibrillary acid protein, and p63 and showed focal positivity for S-100 protein. Together, these markers identified the cells as myoepithelial type. A literature review identified only five cases of myoepithelioma in the soft tissue of the head and neck region in which detailed clinical information was provided. Conclusions. Myoepitheliomas can have cells with variable morphology arranged in different histologic patterns. Immunohistochemical analysis is crucial for unequivocal diagnosis when myoepitheliomas occur in extraglandular locations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck26: 470,473, 2004 [source] Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: is all the fat bad?INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2004A. D. Clouston Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is now a major cause of liver disease in developed countries, largely as a result of an epidemic of obesity, diabetes and sedentary lifestyles. This has resulted in raised clinical awareness and diagnostic refinement. The entity encompasses several histologic patterns from benign steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, the latter having a significant risk of progressive fibrosis and the development of cirrhosis. Laboratory tests and imaging are not able to distinguish steatosis from steatohepatitis, which requires liver biopsy. However following an assessment of several risk factors, patients can be stratified for the potential risk of fibrosis, allowing the rational use of liver biopsy. This review will describe the various patterns of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and relate this to disease pathogenesis and progression. Strategies for management, including experimental interventions, will be discussed. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 187,191) [source] Non-infectious granulomatous dermatitis: a clinicopathological studyJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 12 2006Harsh Mohan Background:, Granulomatous dermatitis frequently presents a diagnostic challenge to dermatopathologists because an identical histologic picture is produced by several causes, and conversely, a single cause may produce varied histologic patterns. Methods:, A retrospective analysis of skin biopsies received over a period of 7 years was performed, and cases of non-infectious granulomatous dermatitis diagnosed on histopathological examination were retrieved. Results:, Out of a total of 586 cases of granulomatous dermatitis, 71 cases (12.11%) were categorized as non-infectious granulomatous dermatitis on the basis of clinicopathological findings. Further subcategorization was done based on morphology of granulomas as epithelioid granulomas; 15 cases of sarcoidosis, 21.1%, one case of Crohn's vulvitis, 1.4%, necrobiotic granulomas; 11 cases of granuloma annulare, 15.4%, two cases of rheumatoid nodule, 2.8%, 10 cases of foreign body granulomas, 14.0%; 32 cases of miscellaneous group, 45%. Conclusions:, Morphology alone is seldom specific and cannot be used as a diagnostic tool for identification of specific diseases. Adequate clinical data and work up in combination of pathological resources can help in elucidation of specific etiology of granulomatous dermatitis. [source] Cutaneous involvement by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a unique histologic presentation, mimicking an infectious etiologyJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 2006Anu G. Jayaraman The cutaneous findings most commonly consist of a maculopapular eruption on the trunk. However, purpura, infiltrated or urticarial plaques, papulovesicular lesions, nodules, and erythroderma have also been reported. Histologic findings in the lymph node are characteristic, while those in the skin may show one of four patterns. Here, we review the previously reported histologic patterns and present a case of AILT involving the skin with a unique histologic appearance of necrotizing granulomas with abundant histiocytes and eosinophils, mimicking an infectious etiology. [source] Hepatitic pattern of graft versus host disease in childrenPEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 5 2007Héctor Melín-Aldana MD Abstract Background Liver involvement by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is characterized histologically by bile duct damage, which may be severe. A different pattern, "hepatitic GVHD," has been described in adult patients. This pattern also shows marked lobular hepatitis and hepatocellular damage. We report the development of hepatitic GVHD in six pediatric patients. Procedure Clinical information and histologic features of liver biopsy samples were retrospectively reviewed. Results Patients' ages ranged from 3 to 11 years. Underlying diagnosis, pre-transplant conditioning and GVHD prophylaxis varied. Peripheral blood stem cells were the source of the allograft in four patients, matched sibling in one, and matched-unrelated donor in one. Hepatic GVHD was detected between 149 and 310 days post-transplant. Prior acute GVHD had developed in two patients, and involved the skin and/or gastrointestinal tract. No patients had significant ductopenia. Only one patient had significant lymphocytic infiltration of bile ducts (ductitis). Bile duct epithelial damage and significant portal/periportal inflammation were present in all patients. Lobular necro-inflammation was present in five patients. Five patients improved with immunosuppression and one died with progressive GVHD. Conclusions This series focuses on hepatitic GVHD in pediatric patients. Clinical and histologic patterns are similar to what has been described in adults. Specific etiology and pathogenesis of this entity remain unclear. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:727,730. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||