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Histochemical
Terms modified by Histochemical Selected AbstractsStructures, Components and Functions of Secretory Tissues in Houttuynia cordataJOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 12 2007Xi-Lu Ni Abstract Houttuynia cordata Thunb., traditionally used as a therapeutic plant in folk medicine, has shown antioxidant and anticancer activities. The species, as a core component of paleoherbs, is normally characterized based on the presence of different types of secretory tissue: oil cells, three types of secretory cells and glandular hairs. The aim of this work was to study the structural, componential, and the functional characteristics of the secretory tissues in both the floral and vegetative parts. The results indicate that oil cells and secretory cells are distributed in all organs of the plant, while glandular hairs are situated on the aerial stems and leaves. Both oil cells and glandular hairs initiate from the protoderm, but their developmental processes are different. Although three types of secretory cells initiate from different primary meristems, the developmental patterns of different secretory cells are the same. Also, although the origins of secretory cells are different from oil cells, their early developmental processes are the same. Histochemical results show that oil cells, secretory cells and glandular hairs produce flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, lipids, aldehyde and ketone-compounds. In addition, there are terpenoids and pectic-like substances in oil cells, alkaloids in secretory cells of aerial stems, and terpenoids and alkaloids in glandular hairs. These compounds play very important roles in protecting plants from being eaten by herbivores (herbivory) and infected by microbial pathogens. The oil cell and secretory cell, as unicellular secretory tissues, are intermediates between the primitive surface glandular and secretory cavity and canal during the evolution of secretory structures. [source] Demonstration of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) mRNA expression in pineal parenchymal tumors: Histochemical in situ hybridizationJOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2000Itaru Tsumanuma The expression of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), an enzyme catalyzing the final step of melatonin biosynthesis, was examined in three pineoblastomas and five pineocytomas by in situ hybridization analysis. Distinct hybridization signals for HIOMT mRNA, though weaker than in normal pineal gland pinealocytes, were detected in two of the three pineoblastoma and three of the five pineocytoma cases. Of the pineoblastomas, hybridization signals were observed in most tumor cells of one case, while in another, signals were detected in occasional cells clustered or scattered throughout the neoplastic field. Of the pineocytomas, signals were detected in most tumor cells of two cases, while in one case, signals were detected only in occasional cells. Among these specimens, one pineoblastoma and one pineocytoma were also analyzed using northern blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses. In the northern blot analysis, an apparently single band corresponding to the size of HIOMT mRNA was detected in both pineoblastoma and pineocytoma RNA blots. In the RT-PCR analysis, three species of HIOMT mRNA generated via alternative splicing were detected in both tumors. These results suggest that the neoplastic cells of pineoblastomas and pineocytomas often retain the ability to express HIOMT mRNA, as in normal pinealocytes, and that HIOMT is a useful tumor marker for the diagnosis of pineal parenchymal tumors. [source] Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (ATTR Val30Met) with widespread cerebral amyloid angiopathy and lethal cerebral hemorrhagePATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2001Naomi Sakashita We report an autopsy case of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) with cerebral hemorrhage. A 38-year-old woman with a typical FAP pedigree started developing severe diarrhea and sensori-motor polyneuropathy at the age of 28 years; autonomic nervous system, heart and renal dysfunction manifested themselves in the following years. Genetic analysis revealed a single amino acid substitution at codon 30 of transthyretin (ATTR Val30Met). Ten years after her initial symptoms, the patient died of a sudden convulsive attack and respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed lethal cerebral hemorrhages and uremic lungs. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses revealed TTR-derived amyloid protein in every tissue examined, particularly in glomeruli and peripheral vessels. Severe meningo-cerebrovascular amyloidosis was also detected. Because uremia causes oxidative damage to the vascular system and amyloid formation is closely associated with oxidative stress, it is possible that uremic endothelial damage facilitated an unusual cerebral amyloid deposition. In typical FAP (ATTR Val30Met), cerebral amyloid angiopathy does not usually have clinical manifestations. However, cerebral amyloid angiopathy should be considered to explain FAP symptoms when some risk factors such as uremic vascular damage are accompanying features. [source] Structure of the Oesophagus and Morphometric, Histochemical,Immunohistochemical Profiles of the Oesophageal Gland During the Post-hatching Period of Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 5 2009H. Sa Summary In the oesophagus, mucins, which originate from oesophageal submucosal glands, play an important role in the mucosal protection as a pre-epithelial barrier. In this study, the structure of cervical and thoracic parts of oesophagus of Japanese quail during the post-hatching period was compared, and the contents of carbohydrate and gastric mucin MUC5AC of the oesophageal glands in these parts were analysed at the light microscope levels by applying conventional histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The oesophageal glands were present at hatching, located in the laminae propria. The numbers of glands were different in the cervical and thoracic parts, but the differences were found to be insignificant. The thoracic part has the oesophageal tonsils which are associated with the glands. Oesophageal tonsil was formed from day 5 after hatching. In quail of all ages, the secretory epithelium of glands contained neutral sialomucins and weakly sulphomucins. The cells in the neck region of secretory units contained sialomucins, while the cells of excretory ducts had strongly sulphomucins. Sialomucin containing cells in the secretory units increased with the advance of age and glandular development. But, in the secretory units, the sulphomucin content of glands was more in the thoracic part. The secretory epithelium of tonsil-associated glands contained mostly sulphomucins and a little sialomucin. From the hatching, MUC5AC mucin was detected in the cells of excretory ducts. Although the lymphoepithelium of the tonsil units exhibited negative reactions to all histochemical methods, it showed positive reaction to MUC5AC mucin antibody. In conclusion, the cervical and thoracic parts may be functionally different and the thoracic part of oesophagus was transformed into an immunological organ following day 5 after hatching. [source] The Effect of Testosterone on Gastrocnemius Muscle Fibres in Growing and Adult Male and Female Rats: A Histochemical, Morphometric and Ultrastructural Study,ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 2 2003. Üstünel Summary In this study, the effect of testosterone on gastrocnemius muscle fibres in growing and adult rats (male and female) was examined using histochemical, morphometric and ultrastructural techniques. After physiological saline (PS), olive oil (OvO) or olive oil + testosterone (OvOT) injections on 72 rats (growing and mature, 36 male and 36 female), the sample tissues of fibre types of the gastrocnemius muscle taken were examined by histochemical [alkaline adenosine triphosphatase (alk-ATPase), acid ATPase (ac-ATPase)], morphometric and ultrastructural techniques. In PS-injected control groups, the gastrocnemius muscle of both sexes contained all the fibre types studied [slow-oxidative muscle fibres (type I), fast-oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres (type IIA) and fast-glycolytic muscle fibres (type IIB)]. The type I fibres had the smallest diameter, type IIA had a medium diameter and type IIB fibres had the largest diameter. In OvO-injected groups, it was observed that the OvO had little effect on the gastrocnemius muscles of either sex, although there was significant enlargement of type IIB fibres. After the injection of OvOT, hypertrophy of muscle fibres was determined by morphometric study. The biggest increase in diameter was on type I fibres. In addition, degenerations on some mitochondria, accumulation of lipid droplets on type I and type II fibres, an increase in glycogen particles, bifurcation of myofibrils, an increase in the number and diameter of units resembling T tubules and an increase in ribosomal content were also observed in the same group by transmission electron microscope. Consequently, it was determined that testosterone can induce protein synthesis in gastrocnemius muscle fibres, and induces changes in shape and size, and also can change the appearance and the number of fibres. [source] Epithelial stem cell-related alterations in Trichinella spiralis -infected small intestineCELL PROLIFERATION, Issue 3 2009R. Walsh Objectives:, Infection of mice with the parasite Trichinella spiralis leads to small intestinal inflammation, characterized by changes in mucosal architecture and subpopulations of epithelial cells. This model has been used to explore changes in the epithelial proliferative cell population and expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-,). Materials and methods:, Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies were undertaken in duodenal samples. Location and number of Ki-67-positive cells were assessed using Score and Wincrypts program. Changes in mRNA transcripts were studied by real-time RT-PCR. Results:,T. spiralis infection induced an increase in total number of proliferative (Ki-67-positive) cells per half crypt on day 2 post-infection. Transcription of Math1, a transcription factor required for secretory cell differentiation in the intestine, was up-regulated on days 6,18 post-infection. At these time points, numbers of Paneth cells at the crypt base were also increased and the epithelial proliferative zone was shifted up the crypt-villus axis. Transcription of TGF-, isoforms within the small intestine was up-regulated on days 6 and 12 post-infection, but anti-TGF-, antibody treatment had no effect on T. spiralis -induced changes in mucosal architecture or increase in Paneth/intermediate cells. Conclusions:,T. spiralis infection promotes an initial increase in small intestinal epithelial proliferation and subsequent cell differentiation along the secretory cell lineage. The resulting increase in numbers of Paneth cells at the crypt base causes the proliferative zone to move up the crypt-villus axis. Further studies are required to determine the significance of an increase in the expression of TGF-, transcripts. [source] Diagnostic value of needle aspiration cytology (NAC) in the assessment of palpable inguinal lymph nodes: A study of 210 casesDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2003F.I.A.C., Raj K. Gupta M.D. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of needle aspiration cytology (NAC) in the assessment of palpable inguinal lymph nodes, which were analyzed in 210 cases. NAC in all the cases were performed by the conventional aspiration method and cytologic examination was done on site after staining smears with the Papanicolaou method. In addition, Diff-Quik-stained air-dried smears, Papanicolaou-stained fixed smears, and filter preparations from needle washings and hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of cell blocks were studied. The NAC diagnosis was supported by examining cell blocks in 92/210 cases which showed a reliable histologic architecture; further support was also obtained with a tissue biopsy in 9/12 cases of inflammatory lesions, 7/7 cases with a suspicious diagnosis, 20/26 cases of melanomas, 15/15 cases of lymphomas, and/or a comparison with the primary tumor in other cases of metastatic tumors. Additionally, immunoperoxidase and/or histochemical stains were done. Twelve cases were diagnosed as inflammatory lesions and 88 cases were regarded as negative (normal cellular elements n = 40; reactive elements n = 48). In 58 cases a variety of metastatic tumors were diagnosed (melanoma n = 26; others n = 32) and in 15 cases a diagnosis of lymphoma was made. Seven cases were diagnosed as suspicious of malignancy and 30 cases were unsatisfactory due to scanty/acellular samples (despite 2,3 repeat samplings). However, in five of these malignant tumors were later found on a biopsy which was done due to a persistent and continued enlargement of lymph node(s). The sensitivity was 91.7%, specificity 98.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) 97.7.%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 95.45%. Based on our study we feel that NAC as a first line of investigation is not only useful in the diagnosis of lesions in inguinal lymph nodes, but can also help in deciding on an appropriate management. Also, histologic architecture from cell blocks can be correlated with cytology and such material can be used for histochemical and immunomarker studies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:175,180. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Comparative folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis of four teleost fish from a Reservoir in south-eastern BrazilACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 4 2010Yuri Simões Martins Abstract Martins, Y.S., Moura, D.F., Santos, G.B., Rizzo, E. and Bazzoli, N. 2009. Comparative folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis of four teleost fish from a Reservoir in south-eastern Brazil. ,Acta Zoologica (Stockholm). 91: 466,473. This study provides a comparative analysis of gametogenesis of neotropical teleosts Metynnis maculatus, Megalancistrus parananus, Cichla kelberi and Satanoperca pappaterra, through histological, histochemical and histometric techniques. In the ooplasm of C. kelberi and S. pappaterra conspicuous lipid vesicles were observed, which are characteristic of pelagic eggs produced by marine fishes. Perinucleolar oocytes were identified in the testis of S. pappaterra suggesting that this species is protogynous without functional hermaphroditism, an unusual pattern for neotropical fresh-water fishes. The spermatozoa of the studied species have rounded heads, a characteristic of fish that externally fertilise their eggs. The follicular (granulosa) cells of the vitellogenic oocytes from the studied species were cuboidal or columnar, however, in C. kelberi there were columnar follicular cells at the vegetal pole and cuboidal cells at the animal pole. Variations of the histochemical content were detected in the cortical alveoli and follicular cells of vitellogenic oocytes showing differences in the mechanisms to block polyspermy and egg adhesiveness. Larger oocytes were recorded in species which demonstrated parental care behaviour and smaller oocytes were noted in those species with fractioned spawning. [source] Recruitment pattern of muscle fibre type during flat and sloped treadmill running in Thoroughbred horsesEQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue S36 2006D. ETO Summary Reasons for performing the study: There is little information about the muscle fibre recruitment pattern during sloped and flat track running in Thoroughbred horses. Objectives: To examine the glycogen depletion pattern of each muscle fibre type during running on a flat and sloped treadmill. Methods: Thirteen Thoroughbred horses (3,9 years old) were used. They were initially subjected to incremental exercise tests on a treadmill at 10 and 0% inclines in each horse to determine running speed at 90 and 60% VO2max. Needle biopsy samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle immediately after the running at 90% VO2max for 4 min and 60% VO2max for 12 min on 10% and 0% inclines treadmill. Four muscle fibre types (Types I, IIA, IIA/IIX, and IIX) were immunohistochemically identified, and optical density of Periodic Acid Schiff staining (OD-PAS) in each fibre type and the glycogen content of the muscle sample were determined by quantitative histochemical and biochemical procedures. Results: The changes in OD-PAS showed that the recruitment of all fibre types were identical after each exercise bout, i.e., 4 min running at 90% VO2max (8.4,9.4 m/sec on 10%, 13.9,14.1 m/sec on 0%), and 12 min running at 60% VO2max (5.4,6.0 m/sec on 10%, 7.9,11.2 m/sec on 0%). No significant differences were found in the recruitment patterns of each muscle fibre type between 10 and 0% inclined exercise bouts at the same exercise intensity. Conclusions: The recruitment pattern of muscle fibre type is mainly determined by exercise intensity (%VO2max) and duration, but not by running speed. Potential relevance: The results of this study indicate the possibility that up-hill running results in the same training effect as faster running on a flat track. [source] CNS-irrelevant T-cells enter the brain, cause blood,brain barrier disruption but no glial pathologyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 6 2007Alina Smorodchenko Abstract Invasion of autoreactive T-cells and alterations of the blood,brain barrier (BBB) represent early pathological manifestations of multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Non-CNS-specific T-cells are also capable of entering the CNS. However, studies investigating the spatial pattern of BBB alterations as well as the exact localization and neuropathological consequences of transferred non-CNS-specific cells have been thus far lacking. Here, we used magnetic resonance imaging and multiphoton microscopy, as well as histochemical and high-precision unbiased stereological analyses to compare T-cell transmigration, localization, persistence, relation to BBB disruption and subsequent effects on CNS tissue in a model of T-cell transfer of ovalbumin (OVA)- and proteolipid protein (PLP)-specific T-cells. BBB alterations were present in both EAE-mice and mice transferred with OVA-specific T-cells. In the latter case, BBB alterations were less pronounced, but the pattern of initial cell migration into the CNS was similar for both PLP- and OVA-specific cells [mean (SEM), 95 × 103 (7.6 × 103) and 88 × 103 (18 × 103), respectively]. Increased microglial cell density, astrogliosis and demyelination were, however, observed exclusively in the brain of EAE-mice. While mice transferred with non-neural-specific cells showed similar levels of rhodamine-dextran extravasation in susceptible brain regions, EAE-mice presented huge BBB disruption in brainstem and moderate leakage in cerebellum. This suggests that antigen specificity and not the absolute number of infiltrating cells determine the magnitude of BBB disruption and glial pathology. [source] Receptor for the globular heads of C1q (gC1q-R, p33, hyaluronan-binding protein) is preferentially expressed by adenocarcinoma cellsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 5 2004Daniel B. Rubinstein Abstract Combinatorial Ig libraries with phage display allow in vitro generation of human Ig fragments without the need to maintain hybridomas in ongoing cell culture or to select circulating Ig from human serum. Identifying tumor-associated antigens on the surface of intact tumor cells, as opposed to purified proteins, presents a challenge due to the difficulty of preserving complex 3-D epitopic sites on the cell surface, the variable expression of antigens on different malignant cell types and the stereotactic interference of closely associated proteins on the intact membrane surface limiting accessibility to antigenic sites. A combinatorial Ig library of 1010 clones was generated from the cDNA of PBMCs derived from patients with breast adenocarcinoma. Following subtractive panning, the library was enriched for Ig (Fab fragment) binding to intact adenocarcinoma cells and the resultant Fabs were screened against a cDNA expression library, itself generated from breast cancer cells. Using this approach, we isolated clones from the cDNA library expressing gC1q-R, a glycoprotein comprising the major structure of C1, the first component of the complement system. gC1q-R is a 33 kDa glycoprotein expressed not only on the cell surface but also intracellularly, with motifs that target it to mitochondria and complete homology with HABP and human HeLa cell protein p32, which is copurified with pre-mRNA SF2. Sequencing of the gene encoding tumor-associated gC1q-R did not reveal any consistent tumor-specific mutations. However, histochemical staining with anti-gC1q-R MAb demonstrated marked differential expression of gC1q-R in thyroid, colon, pancreatic, gastric, esophageal and lung adenocarcinomas compared to their nonmalignant histologic counterparts. In contrast, differential expression was not seen in endometrial, renal and prostate carcinomas. Despite high expression in breast carcinoma, gC1q-R was also expressed in nonmalignant breast tissue. Although the precise relation of gC1q-R to carcinogenesis remains unclear, our finding of tumor overexpression and the known multivalent binding of gC1q-R to not only C1q itself but also a variety of circulating plasma proteins as well as its involvement in cell-to-cell interactions suggest that gC1q-R may have a role in tumor metastases and potentially serve in molecule-specific targeting of malignant cells. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Comments on the mechanism of attachment in species of the monogenean genus GyrodactylusINVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Andrew P. Shinn Abstract. In species of the monogenean helminth Gyrodactylus, the opisthaptor is the main organ of attachment to the host. The opisthaptor comprises two large centrally positioned hooks or hamuli and sixteen peripherally distributed marginal hooks. This paper describes the functional morphology and the mechanism and sequence of attachment in this species. Information on the attachment process was gathered from observations of live gyrodactylids, from transmission electron microscopy, from scanning electron microscopy of skeletal elements, and by histochemical and X-ray elemental analysis of hook chemical composition. The marginal hooks provide the principal force of attachment whilst the hamuli are not actively employed in the process of attachment. Instead, the hamuli provide a system preventing accidental dislodgement and assist the action of the marginal hooks. Attachment is achieved by the alternating action of two systems of muscles attached respectively to the hamuli and to the marginal hooks. Relaxation or contraction of the muscles connected to the hamuli manoeuvres the hamuli over the extremities of the accessory ventral bar and allows them to pivot around their longitudinal axis, effectively raising or lowering the opisthaptoral dome. Under reduced opisthaptoral tension, the independent gaffing activity of the marginal hooks ensures a secure attachment to the host's epidermis. Repositioning of the hamuli then raises the opisthaptoral dome to tension the peripheral marginal hooks. The sequence of attachment is complete when all the muscles associated with the hooks are in a state of relaxation but are held securely and under tension by the surrounding, stretched, opisthaptoral dome. [source] Molecular detection and , -glucuronidase expression of gus -marked Bacillus subtilis L-form bacteria in developing Chinese cabbage seedlingsJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2003E. Tsomlexoglou Abstract Aim: To detect L-form bacteria in developing Chinese cabbage seedlings. Methods and Results: Stable Bacillus subtilis L-forms were genetically modified to express the gus gene (encoding , -glucuronidase). Germinated seeds of Chinese cabbage were soaked in mannitol based suspensions of the L-form bacteria or with mannitol alone and after washing were grown in aseptic conditions on plant growth medium. Histochemical staining of , -glucuronidase activity (X-gluc) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection of the gus gene were achieved in the L-form associated seedlings. , -Glucuronidase was localized in discrete spots, mainly in the roots with staining, and was also observed in the cotyledons and base of stems. Correlation was observed between PCR detection of the gus gene and histochemical staining with detection in similar tissues. Stable L-form bacteria were non-culturable after their association with plant material. Conclusions: The gus reporter gene system with its associated histological staining for enzyme activity was used successfully for detecting B. subtilis L-form bacteria in plant material. Significance and Impact of the Study: These molecular marked L-forms should provide a specific and sensitive technique for detecting L-form bacteria in planta and offer a method for further understanding the L-form/plant association. [source] Osteoblastic Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase: Its Potential Role in the Molecular Mechanism of Osteogenic Action of Fluoride,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 10 2003K-H William Lau Abstract Although type 5 TRACP is recognized as a histochemical and biochemical marker of osteoclasts, there is evidence that bone forming cells, osteoblasts, and osteocytes also express a type 5 TRACP. Accordingly, an osteoblastic type 5 TRACP has been purified from human osteoblasts and from bovine cortical bone matrices. Comparison of biochemical properties of osteoblastic type 5 TRACP with those of osteoclastic type 5 TRACP suggests that osteoblastic type 5 TRACP is a different isoenzyme from osteoclastic type 5 TRACP. Two properties of osteoblastic type 5 TRACP may be relevant to its physiological functions: (1) it acts as a protein-tyrosine phosphatase (protein tyrosine phosphorylation) under physiologically relevant conditions, and (2) it is sensitive to inhibition by clinically relevant concentrations of fluoride. Because fluoride is a stimulator of osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation and a potent osteogenic agent and because protein tyrosine phosphorylation plays an important regulatory role in cell proliferation and differentiation, these unique properties and other evidence summarized in this review led to the proposal that the osteogenic action of fluoride is mediated, at least in part, by the fluoride-mediated inhibition of osteoblastic type 5 TRACP/protein tyrosine phosphorylation, which leads to a stimulation of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and subsequently, an increase in bone formation. [source] Subcutaneous pseudomembranous fat necrosis: new observations,/linkr>JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2002Carlos Diaz-Cascajo Background: Pseudomembranous fat necrosis is a peculiar manifestation of necrosis of adipose tissue characterized by formation of pseudocystic cavities lined by crenulated membranes. The underlying mechanism for the formation of pseudomembranes is unknown and numerous hypotheses have been proposed. Despite divergent interpretations, most authors consider necrotic fat cells to be the anatomic substrate for the formation of pseudomembranes. Methods: A total of 341 panniculitides were reviewed for the presence of pseudomembranous fat necrosis. The specific diagnoses were established after correlation of all available clinical and laboratory data with the histopathology. Special attention was given to the time in the evolution of the disease when the biopsy was taken. Additional immunohistochemical studies were performed in 12 cases. Results: Thirty of 341 cases of different types of panniculitides were found to show pseudomembranous fat necrosis, namely: 10 of 15 cases of sclerosing panniculitis (lipodermatosclerosis), 6 of 95 cases of erythema nodosum, 7 of 34 cases of traumatic panniculitis, 1 of 7 cases of lupus panniculitis, 1 of 20 cases of erythema induratum Bazin (nodular vasculitis), 1 of 9 cases of necrobiosis lipoidica, 1 of 4 cases of sclerotic lipogranuloma, 1 of 9 cases of infectious panniculitis (erysipelas), 1 of 2 cases of pancreatic panniculitis, and 1 of 4 cases of subcutaneous sarcoidosis. Pseudomembranous fat necrosis labelled strongly for the histiocytic markers CD68 and lysozyme. Conclusions: Our series provides data suggesting that pseudomembranous fat necrosis represents a dynamic process that varies according to the evolution of the lesion at the time of the biopsy. In biopsies taken from early foci of panniculitides pseudomembranes show vescicular or picnotic nuclei. Later, pseudomembranes retain their crenulated appearance but lack nuclear elements. Furthermore, we present histopathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical evidence that pseudomembranous fat necrosis results from the interaction of residual products of disintegrated fat cells and macrophages. Histiocytic markers such as CD68 and lysozyme may be used as reliable tools in order to detect pseudomembranes in panniculitides. [source] Secretory Cavity Development and Its Relationship with the Accumulation of Essential Oil in Fruits of Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Noot.) SwingleJOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2006She-Jian Liang Abstract The developmental types of secretory cavities in Citrus remain controversial. The relationship between secretory cavity development and the accumulation of essential oil in fruits of Citrus species is also unknown. In order to develop better insights into these problems, histological, histochemical, and cytochemical methods were used to investigate secretory cavity development and the accumulation of essential oil at different developmental stages of fruits of Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle. The results indicate that the secretory cavity of the variety seemed to originate from an epidermal cell and a subepidermal cell. These two cells underwent successive divisions, resulting in the formation of two parts: (i) a conical cap; and (ii) a globular gland. The formation of the lumen was schizolysigenous. Regular changes in the size of vacuoles and the accumulation of essential oil were revealed during the process of secretory cavity development. In addition, when fruits were a light yellow or golden color, the structure of secretory cavities was well developed and the content of essential oil in a single fruit reached a maximum. It would be most appropriate to collect the fruit as a medicinal material at this time. (Managing editor: Wei Wang) [source] Analysis of neuronal gene expression with laser capture microdissectionJOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 5 2002Valerie A.M. Vincent Abstract The brain is a heterogeneous tissue in which the numbers of neurons, glia, and other cell types vary among anatomic regions. Gene expression studies performed on brain homogenates yield results reflecting mRNA abundance in a mixture of cell types. Therefore, a method for quantifying gene expression in individual cell populations would be useful. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a new technique for obtaining pure populations of cells from heterogeneous tissues. Most studies thus far have used LCM to detect DNA sequences. We developed a method to quantify gene expression in hippocampal neurons from mouse brain using LCM and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This method was optimized to permit histochemical or immunocytochemical visualization of nerve cells during LCM while minimizing RNA degradation. As an example, gene expression was quantified in hippocampal neurons from the Tg2576 mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The role of macrophages in the periodontal regeneration using Emdogain® gelJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2008N. Fujishiro Background and Objective:, Emdogain® gel is clinically used as a periodontal regenerative material. However, the mechanism of the regeneration has not been completely elucidated. Although many studies have focused on the regenerative effect of Emdogain on connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone, the role of macrophages and the expression of growth factors remains unclear in the regeneration stimulated by Emdogain gel in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Emdogain gel on the expression of cytokines and growth factors by macrophages in vivo using a newly devised rat experimental periodontitis model. Material and Methods:, Rat experimental periodontitis was induced by elevating a full-thickness gingival flap and ligating silk threads around the first molars of the mandible. At 14 d after inducing experimental periodontitis, Emdogain gel or propylene glycol alginate was applied to the furcation area. The rats were killed 7 and 14 d after treatment with propylene glycol alginate or Emdogain gel. The expression of cytokines and growth factors, and the regeneration of periodontal tissue, were examined by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Results:, Fourteen days after the induction of periodontitis, the resorption of alveolar bone at furcation was observed and cytokines such as interleukin-1,, transforming growth factor-,1, receptor activator of nuclear factor-,B ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor-,B and osteoprotegerin were found. In the Emdogain-treatment group, the formation of new acellular cementum and, more remarkably, recovery of the bone, were observed. The new bone formation ratio in the Emdogain treatment group was significantly higher than that of the propylene glycol alginate treatment group. Although the expression of cytokines such as interleukin-1,, transforming growth factor-,1, receptor activator of nuclear factor-,B ligand and receptor activator of nuclear factor-,B was very low, bone morphogenetic protein-2- and bone morphogenetic protein-4-expressing macrophages were observed close to the root, and bone morphogenetic protein-4-expressing macrophages were mainly observed close to the bone surface at the furcation in the Emdogain-treatment group. Conclusion:, These results suggest that wound-healing macrophages may express bone morphogenetic protein and play an important role in the regeneration of periodontal tissue at the furcation following the application of Emdogain gel. [source] Dental root resorption and repair: histology and histometry during physiological drift of rat molarsJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2003Ryusei Kimura Objective:, The process of dental root resorption and subsequent cementum regeneration has not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to examine the process of the root resorption and cementum regeneration during physiological tooth drift using a rat model, and to evaluate this experimental model. Methods:, Distal roots in mandibular first molars and the surrounding periodontal tissues were investigated with light and electron microscopy. The light microscopic approach included histochemical and histometric analyses utilizing the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) reaction. Results:, Root resorption was observed in the distal side of the roots and was most active in 5- to 6-week-old rats, and gradually decreased hereafter. An increase in the number of TRAP-positive mononuclear cells, which seemed to be odontoclast precursor cells, preceded the increase in the number of odontoclasts. Root resorption was transient, and was followed by the new formation of acellular extrinsic fiber cementum accompanied with only a slight inflammation, and therefore classified as external surface resorption. Preparation for new cementum started adjacent to the resorption areas when root resorption was most active. Conclusions:, The root resorption during drift in rats is transient and followed by acellular extrinsic fiber cementum regeneration. Cellular kinetics suggested that odontoclast precursor cells are supplied as mononuclear cells from vascular spaces. [source] Distribution pattern of versican, link protein and hyaluronic acid in the rat jreiodontal ligament during exjreimental tooth movementJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2002R. Sato The ability of the jreiodontal ligament (PDL) to rapidly remodel is the basis of orthodontic tooth movement. During the tooth movement, matrix proteoglycans (PGs) may play important roles in spatial, mechanical and biological aspects for the maintenance and repair of the PDL. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of a large hyaluronic acid (HA)-binding proteoglycan, versican, link protein (LP) and HA in the rat molar PDL during exjreimental tooth movement by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Exjreimental tooth movement was jreformed according to Waldo's method. Histologically, regressive changes, such as decrease of fibroblasts and collagen fibers and exudative change of edema were observed in the compressive side and progressive changes, such as proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, in the strain side one day after treatment. By 3 days after tooth movement, regressive or progressive changes were not observed in either side. Using monoclonal antibodies specific to versican core protein or LP, the positive immunoreactivity for both molecules was constantly observed throughout the PDL. After the exjreimental force was applied to the tooth, however, the immunostainings of versican and LP became significantly intense only in the compressive side but decreased in the strain side. The intensity in the compressive side was strongest one day after the force was applied and gradually diminished thereafter. HA of both sides did not change during exjreimental tooth movement. Since HA is present in the PDL, large amounts of versican and LP expressed in the compressive side may create large hydrated aggregates via their association with HA that dissipates the compressive force applied to this tissue. [source] Idiopathic salivary gland enlargement (sialadenosis) in dogs: a microscopic studyJOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 6 2000M. Sozmen A histological, histochemical and morphometric study was performed on submandibular salivary glands from 13 dogs which had presented with a submandibular mass or swelling that proved to be a portion of non-inflammatory and non-neoplastic submandibular salivary gland. There were no consistent changes in lectin-binding histochemistry or immunohistochemical expression of various cell markers, and, in most cases, there was no measurable difference in acinar size in the affected gland. The possible explanation for the clinical salivary gland enlargement is therefore unclear. [source] Gastric epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori-infected miceALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 2000T. Yamaguchi Summary Background: Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis and is strongly associated with gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. The bacterium is associated with an increased rate of epithelial proliferation, which can be reversed by eradication of the organism. The mechanism of this response is not known, but this epithelial proliferation is one of the risk factors for developing gastric carcinoma. Recently, apoptosis also was found to be increased in the gastric mucosa of persons carrying H. pylori. Methods: cagA -positive H. pylori isolated from a human gastric ulcer was inoculated into BALB/C mice. At 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks, mice were injected with bromodeoxyuridine 5 mg/kg and killed 1 h later. Proliferation was analysed by histochemical staining for BrdU; apoptosis was examined by the TUNEL assay. Results: The number of BrdU-labelled cells in the antrum was significantly increased by H. pylori infection beginning 12 weeks after infection. The number of apoptotic cells in this tissue was increased significantly by 6 weeks after inoculation. Conclusion: The proliferation observed in H. pylori infection may be a response to increased apoptosis. [source] Non-host resistance of barley is associated with a hydrogen peroxide burst at sites of attempted penetration by wheat powdery mildew fungusMOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Ralph Hückelhoven Summary In barley, non-host resistance against the wheat powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, Bgt) is associated with the formation of cell wall appositions and a hypersensitive reaction in which epidermal cells die rapidly in response to fungal attack. In the interaction of barley with the pathogenic barley powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, Bgh), these defence reactions are also associated with accumulation of H2O2. To elucidate the mechanism of non-host resistance, the accumulation of H2O2 in response to Bgt was studied in situ by histochemical staining with diaminobenzidine. H2O2 accumulation was found in cell wall appositions under appressoria from Bgt and in cells undergoing a hypersensitive reaction. A mutation (mlo5) at the barley Mlo locus, that confers broad spectrum resistance to Bgh, did not influence the barley defence phenotype to Bgt. Significantly, Bgt triggered cell death on mlo5 -barley while Bgh did not. [source] Inflammation-induced leukocyte accumulation in injured skeletal muscle: Role of mast cellsMUSCLE AND NERVE, Issue 6 2008Claude H. Côt, e PhD Abstract Inflammation consequent to muscle damage is characterized by an accumulation of leukocytes. Our aim in this study was to determine whether mast cells can modulate inflammation-induced leukocyte trafficking. One approach consisted of giving rats a mast cell,degranulating agent, CMP 48/80, prior to a protocol of lengthening contractions inducing inflammation without neutrophil accumulation; in parallel, other rats were given the mast cell,stabilizing agent, cromolyn, prior to injecting muscle with bupivacaine, which induces neutrophil accumulation. Damage was evaluated through measurement of contractile force and inflammation using histochemical and immunohistochemichal methods. Stimulation with CMP 48/80 increased the proportion of degranulated mast cells significantly and neutrophil accumulation occurred with lengthening contractions. With bupivacaine, accumulation of neutrophils decreased by 70% when degranulation was inhibited. These results indicate that mast cells are important in the process governing leukocyte trafficking in skeletal muscle trauma and that targeting their inhibition could be an attractive alternative for control of inflammation. Muscle Nerve, 2008 [source] Electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters in the gut wallNEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 11 2008P. Vanden Berghe Abstract, Cells interact with each other by releasing signalling molecules, which can activate or inactivate target cells. In order to understand how coordination results from this communication, accurate measurements of these signalling molecules are prerequisite. Several different techniques exist to monitor and quantify these compounds, including enzymatic and histochemical assays, electrophysiological and optical recordings. However, there has been little use of electrochemical recordings in gastroenterological research, although these are very fast and sensitive. Electrochemical techniques rely on the simple fact that electroactive molecules can be oxidized at a given potential. The currents, elicited by the oxidation, are directly proportional to the concentration of the compound. In the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, electrochemical detection was successfully applied to measure nitric oxide (NO) from intestinal preparations. Although there are some important specificity, timing and spatial aspects to consider, this direct NO-probing technique is definitely a great asset to the field of gastrointestinal research and advances our understanding of NO signalling in the intestinal wall. [source] Iron localization in superficial siderosis of the central nervous systemNEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Harry Kellermier Originally conceived as an uncommon disorder, with the advent of MRI, CNS superficial siderosis has been observed more frequently. We present histologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent and ultrastructural evaluation of a 56-year-old woman with superficial siderosis. Iron was concentrated in macrophages, superficial astrocytes and gray matter oligodendroglia deep within the cord. While spatially associated with dystrophic glial and neuronal spheroids, iron did not colocalize with mitochondria. Neurotoxic effects were observed despite selective iron localization only within a variety of non-neuronal cell types. [source] Reduction expression of thrombomodulin and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase in dermatomyositisNEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Guang-li Shen Dermatomyositis (DM) is a systemic microvasculitis predominantly involving the capillaries. We investigated the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in microvessels of DM patients. Twelve patients with acute or subacute onset of proximal muscle weakness and erythematous rash over their faces and shoulders were included in this study. Serum creatine phosphokinase was elevated in almost all patients. Electromyograph showed a myopathic pattern in all patients. Muscle biopsies were performed in all patients and 10 non-DM controls and studied with histological, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. von Willebrand factor, TM and eNOS antibodies were used as the primary antibodies. Perifascicular degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration in the perimysium were noted in almost all patients. Non-special esterase staining was markedly positive in capillary and microvascular endothelium. Marked reduction in TM and eNOS staining was noted in DM patients in perimysium microvessels and perifascicular area capillaries. Vascular lesions in DM were not only limited to capillaries. The low expression of TM and eNOS in microvessels suggests the anticoagulation and vasodilation functions of vascular endothelium is reduced. DM is an inflammatory vascular endothelial disease. [source] Low-grade renal cell carcinoma arising from the lower nephron: A case report with immunohistochemical, histochemical and ultrastructural studiesPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 12 2001Masako Otani Most renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are composed of clear cells with sinusoid-like vasculatures and originate from the proximal tubule. On the other hand, collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) and chromophobe RCC are thought to originate from the lower nephron. In the present study, we present a case of unusual RCC. The patient was a 68-year-old Japanese woman who had developed general fatigue with hematuria. Computed tomography revealed a left renal tumor suggesting sarcoma. The resected tumor was located in the renal parenchyma, measuring 12 × 10 × 8 cm in size. Histologically, the tumor consisted principally of cuboidal cells forming parallel or radiating arrays, continuous with the spindle-shaped cells. Most parts of the tumor showed hemorrhagic necrosis. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for high molecular weight cytokeratins, vinculin, vimentin, CD15 and epithelial membrane antigen, and showed affinities with some kinds of lectins. N- and E-cadherins and , -catenin were diffusely positive in tumor cells. Nuclear positivity for Ki-67 and p53 protein were approximately 2.0 and 1.7%, respectively. Considering its morphological and histochemical natures, this tumor is considered to have originated from the lower nephron, which is unique for a tumor of low-grade malignancy. [source] Effects of various implant materials on regeneration of calvarial defects in ratsPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 8 2000Sung-Chul Lim The purpose of the present study was to determine the best implant material, the best conditions to substitute absorbable membrane for non-absorbable membrane, and the factors influencing guided regeneration of critical size defects using experimental rats. An 8-mm circular transosseous calvarial bony defect was made and implant materials, such as demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDB), absorbable membrane (BioMesh; Samyang Co., Seoul Korea), non-absorbable membrane (Millipore filter; Micro Filtration System, MA, USA) or a combination of these materials, was placed on the defect. As for the results of sequential time-based guided bone regeneration, histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and histomorphometric aspects were observed, and a statistical comparative analysis was performed, with control group of a soft tissue flap. Bone formation was significantly enhanced when DFDB was retained within the defect with a protective absorbable membrane. Inframembranous DFDB-filling was required to prevent membrane collapse and to preserve spaces for bone regeneration. The absorbable membrane which was recommended to overcome the disadvantages of the non-absorbable membrane should remain intact for more than 5 weeks in order for it to be effective. The macrophages recruited by grafts were involved partly in decreasing bone regeneration via the sequential events of releasing fibronectin, and in chemotactic effect of the fibronectin to fibroblasts and collagen lay-down. Thus, the activity of new bone formation was dependent upon the physical barrier effect of the membrane, such as the preserving ability to secure spaces and the suppression ability of early infiltration of collagen and epithelium, inducible ability of inflammation by the implant material, and potential in guiding bone regeneration of the grafts. [source] What it takes to get a herbicide's mode of action.PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 5 2005Physionomics, a classical approach in a new complexion Abstract Discovering new herbicides with novel modes of action is a priority assignment in plant protection research. However, for active compounds identified in greenhouse screens, the crucial point is to tread the most efficient path in determining a herbicide's target site, regarding chance of success, time and research costs. Today, in the literature, molecular (functional genomics, transcriptomics), biochemical (proteomics) and analytical (metabolomics) approaches are particularly discussed. So far, less attention has been focused on the comprehensive physiological profiling of the complex plant system as a procedure which enables new herbicides, with an unknown target site for their mode of action, to be screened rapidly. Here, the concept of an array of ,functional' bioassays is presented which has ultimately been developed from the classical tool of mode of action diagnosis by symptoms. These bioassays are designed to differentiate between the distinct responses of the multiple organization units (plant, tissue, meristematic cell, organelle), developmental stages, types of metabolism (phototrophic, heterotrophic) and physiological processes in the plant organism. The response pattern to a herbicide can be viewed as the end result of changes induced in the molecular and biochemical process chain and should be diagnostic of its physiological mode of action. The results can be interpreted directly or a fingerprint database for all known modes of action to be screened for analogy. The term ,physionomics' is proposed for this comprehensive physiological profiling of the plant system, following the parallel terminology of the molecular and biochemical ,omics' technologies. Physionomics procedures provide a first clue to the mode of action of a new herbicide that can direct more time-consuming and costly molecular, biochemical, histochemical or analytical studies to identify a target site more efficiently. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||