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High-risk HPV Types (high-risk + hpv_type)
Selected AbstractsHuman papillomavirus DNA detected in peripheral blood samples from healthy Australian male blood donorsJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 10 2009Alice Che-Ha Chen Abstract Recent studies have shown that human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA can be found in circulating blood, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), sera, plasma, and arterial cord blood. In light of these findings, DNA extracted from PBMCs from healthy blood donors were examined in order to determine how common HPV DNA is in blood of healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from 180 healthy male blood donors (18,76 years old) through the Australian Red Cross Blood Services. Genomic DNA was extracted and specimens were tested for HPV DNA by PCR using a broad range primer pair. Positive samples were HPV-type determined by cloning and sequencing. HPV DNA was found in 8.3% (15/180) of the blood donors. A wide variety of different HPV types were isolated from the PBMCs; belonging to the cutaneous beta and gamma papillomavirus genera and mucosal alpha papillomaviruses. High-risk HPV types that are linked to cancer development were detected in 1.7% (3/180) of the PBMCs. Blood was also collected from a healthy HPV-positive 44-year-old male on four different occasions in order to determine which blood cell fractions harbor HPV. PBMCs treated with trypsin were negative for HPV, while non-trypsinized PBMCs were HPV-positive. This suggests that the HPV in blood is attached to the outside of blood cells via a protein-containing moiety. HPV was also isolated in the B cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, and neutrophils. To conclude, HPV present in PBMCs could represent a reservoir of virus and a potential new route of transmission. J. Med. Virol. 81:1792,1796, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] High-risk HPV types in Tunisia.JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 7 2006A pilot study reveals an unexpectedly high prevalence of types 5, lack of HPV 18 among female prostitutes Abstract "High-risk" HPVs (HR-HPV) have sharply different prevalences and there is evidence to suggest this may vary according to regions. Accurate description of HR-HPV circulation is a key feature for the rational design of prevention and screening campaigns. To gain insight into HR-HPV circulation in Tunisia, a pilot study was carried out on 64 healthy prostitutes working in the Tunis area. HPV detection and typing were carried out by MY09/MY11 PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). A selected set of samples was also assayed by Gp5+/Gp6+ PCR and typed by direct sequencing. Out of 64 women, 28 were HPV positive. HPV-16 and HPV-58, both members of the genus Alpha-Papillomavirus, species 9, accounted for 10 and 7 cases with a prevalence rate of 38% and 27%, respectively. HPV-82, a member of species 5, ranked third with four cases (,15%). Types 31, 33, 35; all members of species 9 were each detected once (,4%) while neither HPV-18 nor related members of species 7 were detected. Type 72 and 83, both members of species 3, were the only low-risk types, each detected only once (4% each). Two samples could not be typed. The prevalence of HPV types appeared sharply different from that of neighboring areas. Should the existence of epidemiological pockets be confirmed by larger, more detailed studies, screening and vaccine campaigns will have to be designed carefully taking into account the actual epidemiological context of the target population. J. Med. Virol. 78:950,953, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] High frequency of multiple HPV types in cervical specimens from Danish womenAPMIS, Issue 2 2009NINA MEJLHEDE Genital human papillomavirus infection (HPV) is common and usually harmless. However, chronic cervical infection with high-risk HPV types can cause cell changes that may eventually lead to cancer. To determine the frequency of individual HPV types among mixed infections, we examined the type distribution among cervical specimens from more than 1000 Danish women. We also examined the HPV type distribution and the frequency of single and multiple HPV types for specimens from 113 women who underwent conization and were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II or worse (CIN2+). Using microarray technology, we found that 49% of the HPV-positive patients were infected with multiple HPV types. Among the CIN2+ diagnosed women, this frequency was 41%. The most frequently found high-risk HPV type was HPV-16, which was found in 25% of the HPV-positive cervical specimens. Among the HPV positive CIN2+ diagnosed women, 48% were HPV-16 positive. Women younger than 30 years of age had a higher frequency of multiple infections (61%) than women older than 30 years (39%). We conclude that cervical infection with multiple HPV types is common among women in all age groups and among women with or without the diagnosis of CIN2+. [source] Association of penile lichen sclerosus and oncogenic human papillomavirus infectionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Maria Rita Nasca MD Background, Data on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in patients with penile lichen sclerosus (LS) are scant and controversial. Aim, To investigate the prevalence of HPV infections in patients with penile LS. Methods, HPV infection was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in paraffin-embedded penile biopsies obtained from the glans or inner foreskin of 46 adult patients with penile LS, and in brush cytology smears of penile healthy mucosa from an equal number of randomly selected control males matched for age. Statistical evaluation was performed using conditional logistic regression analysis. Results, PCR disclosed the presence of HPV infection in 17.4% of LS patients (HPV 16, six cases; HPV 18, one case; HPV 45, one case). Amongst the controls, HPV infection occurred in 8.7% of patients (HPV 16, two cases; HPV 53, one case; HPV 70, one case). Statistical regression analysis confirmed that the rate of HPV infection was higher amongst patients with genital LS than amongst healthy controls [odds ratio (OR), 2.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.73,8.89]. Conclusions, Infection with oncogenic "high-risk" HPV types in patients with genital LS may enhance the risk of penile cancer arising on LS. [source] Prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus infection in MacaoJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 10 2010Yuk-Ching Yip Abstract Population-specific epidemiological data on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are essential for formulating strategies to prevent cervical cancer. The age-specific prevalence of HPV infection was determined among 1,600 women enrolled for cervical screening in Macao. A U-shaped age-specific prevalence curve with a first peak (prevalence rate, 10%) at 20,25 years and a second peak (13%) at 51,55 years was observed. Co-infections with multiple types were detected in 32.5% of HPV-positive subjects and without significant variation among different age groups (P,=,0.318). The majority (84.6%) of the positive samples harbored high- or probable high-risk HPV types, and these types also exhibited a similar U-shaped age-specific prevalence curve. In contrast, low and unknown-risk HPV types remained at a low prevalence (1.5,2.5%) throughout the age groups between 20 and 50 years, and with a small peak (4.5%) at 51,55 years. HPV 52 was the most common type found in 26.8% of positive samples, followed by HPV 16 (15.5%), HPV 68 (11.4%), HPV 18 and HPV 58 (8.9% each), HPV 54 (8.1%), HPV 53 (7.3%), HPV 39 (6.5%), HPV 33 and HPV 66 (5.7% each). In conclusion, because of the early peak of infection, vaccination and educational campaigns in Macao should start early and target at teenagers. The presence of a second peak containing mainly high-risk HPV types in older women indicates the need to evaluate the cover of the cervical screening programme for older women. Further study to determine the contribution of HPV 52 in high-grade cervical neoplasia and invasive cancers in Macao is warranted. J. Med. Virol. 82:1724,1729, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Viral load and genomic integration of HPV 16 in cervical samples from HIV-1-infected and uninfected women in Burkina FasoJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 6 2007Marie-Noelle Didelot Rousseau Abstract The relationships between human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) viral load, HPV 16 integration status, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) status, and cervical cytology were studied among women enrolled in a cohort of female sex workers in Burkina Faso. The study focused on 24 HPV 16-infected women. The HPV 16 viral load in cervical samples was determined by real-time PCR. Integration ratio was estimated as the ratio between E2 and E6 genes DNA copy numbers. Integrated HPV16 viral load was defined as the product of HPV 16 viral load by the integration ratio. High HPV 16 viral load and high integration ratio were more frequent among women with squamous intraepithelial lesions compared with women with normal cytology (33% vs. 11%, and 33% vs. 0%, respectively), and among women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions compared with women without high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (50% vs. 17%, and 50% vs. 11%, respectively). High HPV 16 DNA load, but not high integration ratio, was also more frequent among HIV-1-positive women (39% vs. 9%; and 23% vs. 18%, respectively). The absence of statistical significance of these differences might be explained by the small study sample size. High-integrated HPV 16 DNA load was significantly associated with the presence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (50% vs. 5%, P,=,0.03) in univariate and multivariate analysis (adjusted odds-ratio: 19.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11,328.3, P,=,0.03), but not with HIV-1 or other high-risk HPV types (HR-HPV). Integrated HPV 16 DNA load may be considered as a useful marker of high-grade cervical lesions in HPV 16-infected women. J. Med. Virol. 79: 766,770, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Population-based type-specific prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged Swedish WomenJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 4 2002Ola Forslund Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing can be used to identify women at risk of the development of cervical cancer. The cost-effectiveness of HPV screening is dependent on the type-specific HPV prevalence in the general population. The present study describes the prevalence and spectrum of high-risk HPV types found in a large real-life population-based HPV screening trial undertaken entirely within the cervical screening program offered to middle-aged Swedish women. Cervical brush samples from 6,123 women aged 32,38 years were analyzed using a general HPV primer (GP5+/6+) polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) combined with reverse dot-blot hybridization for confirmation and HPV typing by a single assay. In this study, 6.8% (95% CI 6.2,7.5) (417/6,123) were confirmed as high-risk HPV positive. Infections with 13 different high-risk HPV types were detected, of which HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (2.1%; 128/6,123), followed by HPV 31 (1.1%; 67/6,123). Any one of the HPV types 18, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, or 66 was detected in 3.6% (223/6,123) of the women. Infection with two, three, and five types simultaneously was identified in 32, 5, and 1 women, respectively. The combination of PCR-EIA as a screening test and reverse dot-blot hybridization as a confirmatory test, was found to be readily applicable to a real-life population-based cervical screening. The type-specific HPV prevalence found support in previous modeling studies suggesting that HPV screening may be a favorable cervical screening strategy. J. Med. Virol. 66:535,541, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Human papillomavirus frequency in oral epithelial lesionsJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 5 2004Carmen Maria Lazzari Background:, Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence varies according to geographical occurrence, the type of lesion, and the method of diagnosis. The polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) appears to be more sensitive and can be easily applicable to epidemiologic studies. Objectives:, To determine the frequency of HPV and its genotypes in oral lesions among patients attending a reference clinic of a university hospital. Methods:, PCR was performed to identify HPV DNA from samples of oral epithelial lesions in 80 patients. For HPV DNA amplification, MY09/MY11 consensus primers were used and specific genotypes were identified through restriction fragment of length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern. Results:, HPV DNA was present in 11.3% of patients, and the identified genotypes were 6b, MM4 (W13B), and MM9 (PAP238A). Conclusions:, HPV DNA frequency in patients with oral epithelial lesions was 11.3%. The genotypes MM4 and MM9 are uncommon in oral lesions, and they are characterized as high-risk HPV types in those types of lesions. [source] Human papillomavirus as a risk factor in oral carcinogenesis: a study using in situ hybridization with signal amplificationMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008R. Acay Introduction:, It is still controversial whether human papillomavirus (HPV) can be considered a risk factor in oral carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to detect HPV DNA in 50 cases diagnosed as oral leukoplakias, with different degrees of epithelial dysplasia, and as oral squamous cell carcinomas, using in situ hybridization with signal amplification (CSA-ISH). Methods:, HPV DNA was assessed in paraffin sections using CSA-ISH with a wide-spectrum biotinylated DNA probe. In HPV-positive cases, genotyping with specific probes to HPV types 6/11, 16/18 and 31/33 was performed. Results:, The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 24%, markedly higher than that found in the control group. Results showed a discrete proportional relationship in the indices found in leukoplakia with no dysplasia, leukoplakia with dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma, but this was not statistically significant. When separating the group of leukoplakia by degrees of dysplasia, this relation of proportion was not observed. In genotyping, HPV types 16/18 were the most prevalent, and types 6/11 were only found in groups of mild or no dysplasia. Conclusion:, The results suggest that HPV is not likely to play a role in the progression of malignant transformation in oral lesions. Nevertheless, the increased prevalence of HPV infection compared to normal oral mucosa and the fact that high-risk HPV types were the most frequently identified do not allow the exclusion of HPV as a risk factor in oral carcinogenesis. [source] Human papillomavirus integration: detection by in situ hybridization and potential clinical applicationTHE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Mark F Evans Abstract Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are accepted as a necessary cause of cervical neoplasia. However, the benefits of testing simply for high-risk HPV types are limited because of their high prevalence in intraepithelial lesions of all grades, the majority of which regress if left untreated. One factor considered to be of key importance for the progression of intraepithelial lesions to invasive disease is integration of HPV into the host cell genome. Although questions remain about the prevalence of integration amongst pre-invasive lesions, sensitive in situ hybridization techniques utilizing tyramide reagents may aid determination of the significance of HPV infection by enabling routine detection of both high-risk HPV and its physical status. This will provide important data relevant not only to our understanding of the biology of HPV-associated neoplasia, but also potentially to clinical testing for HPV. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] High frequency of multiple HPV types in cervical specimens from Danish womenAPMIS, Issue 2 2009NINA MEJLHEDE Genital human papillomavirus infection (HPV) is common and usually harmless. However, chronic cervical infection with high-risk HPV types can cause cell changes that may eventually lead to cancer. To determine the frequency of individual HPV types among mixed infections, we examined the type distribution among cervical specimens from more than 1000 Danish women. We also examined the HPV type distribution and the frequency of single and multiple HPV types for specimens from 113 women who underwent conization and were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II or worse (CIN2+). Using microarray technology, we found that 49% of the HPV-positive patients were infected with multiple HPV types. Among the CIN2+ diagnosed women, this frequency was 41%. The most frequently found high-risk HPV type was HPV-16, which was found in 25% of the HPV-positive cervical specimens. Among the HPV positive CIN2+ diagnosed women, 48% were HPV-16 positive. Women younger than 30 years of age had a higher frequency of multiple infections (61%) than women older than 30 years (39%). We conclude that cervical infection with multiple HPV types is common among women in all age groups and among women with or without the diagnosis of CIN2+. [source] Comparison of three management strategies for patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, after six months delay: A three-year experience in an Iranian university hospitalAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Fariba YARANDI Background: A Pap test result of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) presents a clinical challenge. Only 5,10% of women with ASCUS harbour serious cervical disease. Methods: We screened 3619 women, who attended to Mirza Koochak Khan Hospital at Tehran University of Medical Sciences with Pap smears, of whom 100 returned with ASCUS. After six months, each subject underwent a standard cytology (conventional Pap smear), human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing (identifying high-risk HPV types with polymerase chain reaction) and colposcopy with multiple cervical biopsies. Results: Mean age was 44.09 ± 8.6 years. The estimated prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or higher was 4%. When histologically verified high-grade lesions (, CIN II) were observed, the relative sensitivity of HPV DNA testing was 100% compared with conventional Pap smear, which performed 75% versus 100% relative sensitivity, respectively, using cytological diagnosis high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) as the cut-off. Negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV) of Pap test were 98.9% and 100%. The NPV and PPV of HPV DNA testing were 100%. Conclusions: Although less complicated than colposcopy, the repeat Pap smear triage algorithm for ASCUS may underdiagnose some women with high-grade CIN, when compared with colposcopy. Considering the high sensitivity of HPV testing, it may be useful as an alternative to the current policy of six-month repeat cytology for women with ASCUS results. [source] | ||||||||||