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High-fibre Diet (high-fibre + diet)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Life Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Clinical audit of the effects of low-fibre diet on irritable bowel syndrome

JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 4 2000
J. T. Woolner
Introduction High-fibre diets are frequently advocated for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) although there is little scientific evidence to support this. Experience of patients on low-fibre diets suggests that this may be an effective treatment for IBS, warranting investigation. Methods Symptoms were recorded for 204 IBS patients presenting in the gastroenterology clinic. They were then advised on a low-fibre diet with bulking agents as appropriate. Symptoms were reassessed by postal questionnaire 4 weeks later. Patients who had improved on the diet were advised on the gradual reintroduction of different types of fibre to determine the quantity and type of fibre tolerated by the individual. Results Seventy-four per cent of questionnaires were returned. A significant improvement (60,100% improvement in overall well-being) was recorded by 49% of patients. Conclusion This preliminary study suggests that low-fibre diets may be an effective treatment for some IBS patients and justifies further investigation as a full clinical trial. [source]

Digestive plasticity in Mallard ducks modulates dispersal probabilities of aquatic plants and crustaceans

FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
I. CHARALAMBIDOU
Summary 1The consequences of plastic responses of the avian digestive tract for the potential of birds to disperse other organisms remain largely uninvestigated. 2To explore how a seasonal diet switch in Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.) influences their potential to disperse plants and invertebrates, we recorded the retention time of markers, following exposure to two diets of contrasting digestibility (trout chow vs seeds). 3We then recorded the retrieval and germination of Fennel Pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.) seeds and Brine Shrimp (Artemia franciscana Kellogg) cysts ingested by the same birds. 4Gut passage rates of markers were increasingly longer in birds on the seed-based, high-fibre diet and shorter in birds on the animal-based, low-fibre one. 5Propagule digestibility, and thus survival to gut passage, differed between diet groups, with more seeds and fewer cysts retrieved from ducks on the animal-based diet. Germination decreased with retention time, but was not affected by diet. 6Differences in passage rates of markers but not of seeds and cysts suggest no change in dispersal distances of plants and invertebrates between seasons, while differences in digestibility would affect the numbers of propagules dispersed. [source]

Dietary fibre level and enzyme inclusion affect nutrient digestibility and excreta characteristics in grower pigs

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 14 2002
Adam J Moeser
Abstract An experiment was conducted with 12 grower pigs to determine the effects of (1) manipulating dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) level and (2) dietary inclusion of fibre-degrading enzymes on nutrient digestibility and excreta characteristics in pigs. Four diets were formulated to contain three levels of NDF: 1, 66,g,kg,1 NDF (low fibre); 2, 121,g,kg,1 NDF (moderate fibre); 3, 222,g,kg,1 NDF (high fibre); 4, diet 3 plus 2.0,g,kg,1 enzyme. Increasing levels of dietary NDF linearly decreased dry matter and energy digestibilities (r2,=,0.99, P,<,0.05). Lowering dietary NDF from 222 to 121,g,kg,1 improved nitrogen digestibility by 13% (P,<,0.01). Faecal production was decreased by 9% for each 1% decrease in dietary NDF content (r2,=,0.99, P,<,0.05). Inclusion of fibre-degrading enzymes in the high-fibre diet improved dry matter and energy digestibilities by 2 and 3% respectively, and reduced faecal production by 10% (P,<,0.01). Faecal and manure (faeces plus urine) pH values from pigs fed the high-fibre diet and the high-fibre plus enzyme diet were lower than those from pigs fed the other experimental diets (P,<,0.05). In conclusion, lowering the dietary NDF level or inclusion of fibre-degrading enzymes in high-fibre diets may offer relatively practical and easy methods for reducing waste production in pigs. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Detection and monitoring of anaerobic rumen fungi using an ARISA method

LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2008
S.E. Denman
Abstract Aim:, To develop an automated ribosomal intergenic spacer region analysis (ARISA) method for the detection of anaerobic rumen fungi and also to demonstrate utility of the technique to monitor colonization and persistence of fungi, and diet-induced changes in community structure. Methods and Results:, The method could discriminate between three genera of anaerobic rumen fungal isolates, representing Orpinomyces, Piromyces and Neocallimastix species. Changes in anaerobic fungal composition were observed between animals fed a high-fibre diet compared with a grain-based diet. ARISA analysis of rumen samples from animals on grain showed a decrease in fungal diversity with a dominance of Orpinomyces and Piromyces spp. Clustering analysis of ARISA profile patterns grouped animals based on diet. A single strain of Orpinomyces was dosed into a cow and was detectable within the rumen fungal population for several weeks afterwards. Conclusions:, The ARISA technique was capable of discriminating between pure cultures at the genus level. Diet composition has a significant influence on the diversity of anaerobic fungi in the rumen and the method can be used to monitor introduced strains. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Through the use of ARISA analysis, a better understanding of the effect of diets on rumen anaerobic fungi populations is provided. [source]

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Application of soybean meal, soy protein concentrate and isolate differing in , -galactosides content to low- and high-fibre diets in growing turkeys

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 5 2010
Z. Zdu, czyk
Summary The aim of this experiment was to investigate the physiological and growth response of young turkeys (up to 8 weeks of age) to dietary replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by soy protein concentrate (PC) or protein isolate (PI). This replacement resulted in a differentiated dietary concentration of , -galactosides of over 2.5% in the SBM diet, approximately 2% with a mixture SBM and PC, 1% with a PC diet and 0.1% with a PI diet. Each treatment was applied in two ways: with lower (3.5%) or higher (5.3%) dietary crude fibre content, made by supplementation with soybean hulls. The highest and lowest body weight of turkeys was recorded both after the first and second 4-week half of the study in the PC and PI-type diets respectively. A gradual withdrawal of , -galactosides from a diet was accompanied by a decline in ileal tissue mass, ileal viscosity and activity of endogenous maltase (the latter was found to be significant at 4 weeks of age). At the same time, two-way anova revealed that an elevated level of crude fibre (HF treatment) caused an increase in ileal tissue mass (p < 0.05 after 4 weeks of feeding) as well as a decrease in activity level of intestinal sucrase and maltase. The presence of raffinose family oligosaccharides in a diet, in contrast to dietary crude fibre level, significantly affected the caecal metabolism. The rate of bacterial production of short-chain fatty acids in the caeca was distinctly diminished by dietary withdrawal of , -galactosides. In conclusion, the soy protein concentrate, in contrast to the protein isolate preparation, exerted positive effects on the turkeys' growth and gastrointestinal tract physiology and should be considered as an effective SBM substitute. [source]