Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Highest Mean Scores (highest + mean_score)
Selected AbstractsDressing-related pain in patients with chronic wounds: an international patient perspectiveINTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL, Issue 2 2008Patricia E Price Abstract This cross-sectional international survey assessed patients' perceptions of their wound pain. A total of 2018 patients (57% female) from 15 different countries with a mean age of 68·6 years (SD = 15·4) participated. The wounds were categorised into ten different types with a mean wound duration of 19·6 months (SD = 51·8). For 2018 patients, 3361 dressings/compression systems were being used, with antimicrobials being reported most frequently (n= 605). Frequency of wound-related pain was reported as 32·2%, ,never' or ,rarely', 31·1%, ,quite often' and 36·6%, ,most' or ,all of the time', with venous and arterial ulcers associated with more frequent pain (P= 0·002). All patients reported that ,the wound itself' was the most painful location (n= 1840). When asked if they experienced dressing-related pain, 286 (14·7%) replied ,most of the time' and 334 (17·2%) reported pain ,all of the time'; venous, mixed and arterial ulcers were associated with more frequent pain at dressing change (P < 0·001). Eight hundred and twelve (40·2%) patients reported that it took <1 hour for the pain to subside after a dressing change, for 449 (22·2%) it took 1,2 hours, for 192 (9·5%) it took 3,5 hours and for 154 (7·6%) patients it took more than 5 hours. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0,100) giving a mean score of 44·5 (SD = 30·5, n= 1981). Of the 1141 who reported that they generally took pain relief, 21% indicated that they did not feel it was effective. Patients were asked to rate six symptoms associated with living with a chronic wound; ,pain' was given the highest mean score of 3·1 (n= 1898). In terms of different types of daily activities, ,overdoing things' was associated with the highest mean score (mean = 2·6, n= 1916). During the stages of the dressing change procedure; ,touching/handling the wound' was given the highest mean score of 2·9, followed by cleansing and dressing removal (n= 1944). One thousand four hundred and eighty-five (80·15%) patients responded that they liked to be actively involved in their dressing changes, 1141 (58·15%) responded that they were concerned about the long-term side-effects of medication, 790 (40·3%) of patient indicated that the pain at dressing change was the worst part of living with a wound. This study adds substantially to our knowledge of how patients experience wound pain and gives us the opportunity to explore cultural differences in more detail. [source] Offence typology and the interpersonal octagon: an exploratory analysisCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 3 2002John Shine Principal Psychologist The PROQ2 is based on the interpersonal octagon. It has 96 items on eight scales. The mean score for Grendon prisoners has been found to be between that of a Student sample and that of a psychotherapy patient sample. This study found that among the prisoners sex offenders had the highest mean scores. This may suggest that sex offenders have a diminished capacity to form relationships with others. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Programme-related stressors among part-time undergraduate nursing studentsJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 1 2005Honor Nicholl BSc MEd RN RSCN RM RCT RNT PGDipG&C AdDip Teaching Studies Aim., The aim of this paper is to report a study exploring the perceived stressors identified by a group of 70 students who undertook a part-time degree at one Irish university. Background., In the literature on stress, part-time nursing students who are undertaking continuing education programmes appear to have received little attention. Stress amongst nurses is evident within the nursing literature but little information is available on the specific stressors that affect Registered Nurses who undertake further academic study. Anecdotally, students attending part-time programmes while working full-time report high levels of stress. Method., Quantitative methods were used. While many instruments exist to measure overall stress, this study aimed to explore student's perceptions of specific stressors associated with academic study. We used a questionnaire developed from the literature on the topic. Results., Factors related to writing assignments at degree level, fulfilling personal needs and academic demands, were perceived as major stressors by these students. Factors of little concern were financial issues and attendance on the programme. Individual items receiving highest mean scores were: trying to balance work commitments and the required study (mean 3·89, sd = 1) and the prospect of the final examination (mean 3·86, sd = 1). This study was limited by the use of convenience sampling and self-report methods. Larger studies are required to support the findings. In addition, student stress was not observed or measured. Conclusion., Those involved in the delivery of nurse education programmes to part-time students need to consider the impact of the workload on student welfare, and to prepare students for demands of the programme. [source] Exploring the Subconcepts of the Wittmann-Price Theory of Emancipated Decision-Making in Women's Health CareJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 4 2006Ruth A. Wittmann-Price Purpose: To explore the subconcepts of the Wittmann-Price Theory of Emancipated Decision-Making (EDM); which is proposed as a new theoretical model for the nursing care of women to increase women's satisfaction with decision-making about healthcare issues. Infant feeding method was used as the clinical exemplar. Design and Method: A descriptive correlational design was used to test the five identified subconcepts of EDM (empowerment, flexible environment, personal knowledge, reflection, and social norms) in women's healthcare. The relationship of emancipated decision-making and satisfaction were explored with the Subject Demographic Questionnaire (SDQ), the Wittmann-Price Theory of Emancipated Decision-making Scale (EDMS), and the Satisfaction with Decision (SWD) scale. The research design was retrospective, without random sampling of subjects. Four research questions were posed for this investigation. Women who had uncomplicated deliveries and met the selected criteria were enrolled (N=97). Findings: All five subconcepts of EDM were scored on subscales on the EDMS; flexible environment and personal knowledge had the highest mean scores. Pearson correlations showed that all five subscales were significantly related to each other except reflection with personal knowledge and reflection with social norms. A significant relationship was found between the EDM and satisfaction with the decision. Personal knowledge and flexible environment were the best predictors of satisfaction with the decision. Conclusions: The Wittmann-Price Theory of EDM is a theoretical model with implications for nursing care of women who are involved in a healthcare decision, such as choice of infant feeding. Further studies are needed to determine the importance of each of the subconcepts in relation to emancipated decision-making. [source] Writing in the Secondary Foreign Language Classroom: The Effects of Prompts and Tasks on Novice Learners of FrenchMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2000Denise Paige Way This study investigated the effects of 3 different writing tasks (descriptive, narrative, and expository) and 3 different writing prompts (bare, vocabulary, and prose model) on 937 writing samples culled from 330 novice learners enrolled in 15 classes of Levels 1 and 2 high school French. In order to assess the quality, fluency, syntactic complexity, and accuracy of the writing samples, the researchers employed 4 evaluation methods: holistic scoring, length of product, mean length of T-units, and percentage of correct T-units. Results indicate that the descriptive task was the easiest and the expository task the most difficult. The prose model prompts produced the highest mean scores, and the bare prompts produced the lowest mean scores. Based on these findings, the researchers question whether the description of a novice writer in the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines(1986) should be used as a blueprint for curriculum development and textbook construction for secondary novice foreign language learners. [source] The psychological impact of forced displacement and related risk factors on Eastern Congolese adolescents affected by warTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 10 2010Cindy Mels Background:, While the current knowledge base on the mental health effects of displacement is mainly limited to refugees residing in industrialised countries, this paper examines the impact of war-induced displacement and related risk factors on the mental health of Eastern Congolese adolescents, and compares currently internally displaced adolescents to returnees and non-displaced peers. Methods:, Data were collected from a community sample of 819 adolescents aged 13 to 21 years, attending one of 10 selected schools across the Ituri district in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Respondents completed culturally adapted self-report measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms (using the Impact of Event Scale , Revised) and internalising and externalising behaviour problems (by means of the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist , 37 for Adolescents). Associated factors studied were age, sex, parental death, exposure to war-related violence and daily stressors. Results:, Internally displaced persons (IDPs) reported highest mean scores for the IES-R and the HSCL-37A internalising scale, followed by returnees, while non-displaced adolescents scored significantly lower. However, ANCOVA tests showed that posttraumatic stress and internalising symptoms were mainly associated with traumatic exposure and daily stressors and not with displacement status. Externalising problem scores were associated with traumatic exposure, daily stressors and displacement. Remarkably, death of father was associated with fewer externalising problems. Sex was differently associated with internalising and externalising problems through traumatic and daily stressors. Conclusions:, As IDPs are highly exposed to violence and daily stressors, they report most psychological distress, when compared to returnees and non-displaced peers. The distinct mental health outcomes for returned youngsters illustrate how enhancing current socio-economic living conditions of war-affected adolescents could stimulate resilient outcomes, despite former trauma or displacement. [source] | |||||||||||||