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High SES (high + se)
Selected AbstractsIncrease in basal cell carcinoma incidence steepest in individuals with high socioeconomic status: results of a cancer registry study in the NetherlandsBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009S. Van Hattem Summary Background, Development of both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) is associated with acute and intermittent sun exposure. In contrast to MM, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and BCC is not well documented. Objectives, To investigate the incidence of BCC according to SES, stratifying by age and tumour localization in a large population-based cohort. To assess changes over time in the distribution of the patients with BCC across the SES categories. Methods, All patients with a histologically confirmed first primary BCC (n = 27,027) diagnosed between 1988 and 2005 in the Southeast of the Netherlands were stratified by sex, age (25,44, 45,64 and , 65 years), period of diagnosis, SES category (based on income and value of housing) and localization of the BCC. Age-standardized BCC incidence rates were calculated for the year 2004 by SES category and localization. Ordinal regression was used to assess changes over time in the proportion of patients with BCC by sex, age and SES. Results For men in all age groups higher BCC incidence in the highest SES category was observed, which remained significant after stratification for tumour localization. For women a consistent relationship was found only in younger women (< 65 years) for truncal BCCs, which occurred more frequently in high SES groups. Between 1990 and 2004, the proportion of BCC patients with high SES increased (+6%) and the proportion with low SES decreased (,7%). Conclusions, High SES is associated with increased incidence of BCC among men. Our data suggest that BCC is changing from a disease of the poor to a disease of the rich. [source] Fragile Self-Esteem in Children and Its Associations With Perceived Patterns of Parent-Child CommunicationJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 2 2000Michael H. Kernis We examined the extent to which 11- to 12-year-old children' (N= 174) self-esteem (SE) stability and level related to their perceptions of various aspects of parent-child communication. Compared to children with stable SE, children with unstable SE reported that their fathers were more critical and psychologically controlling, and less likely to acknowledge their positive behaviors or to show their approval in value-affirming ways. Likewise, children with low SE reported that their fathers exhibited these qualities to a greater extent than did children with high SE. In addition, fathers of children with stable high SE were viewed as especially good at problem solving. Children' SE level related to perceptions of mothers' communication styles very similarly to how it did with fathers'; with respect to SE stability, however, relationships were generally less consistent and frequently absent. Discussion centered on the role of parent-child communication in promoting unstable SE. [source] Differing Expansion Contributions of Three Investment Materials Used for Casting TitaniumJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 5 2009Danny Low BDS, MScDent, MScMed Abstract Purpose: This laboratory study aimed at investigating the effect of setting expansion (SE), which could enlarge a wax pattern by concurrent exothermic reaction. Materials and Methods: Two phosphate-bonded investment materials (Rematitan Plus, T-invest C & B) and alumina-magnesia-based investment material (Titavest CB) were subjected to setting temperature and SE measurements (n = 10). Full-crown wax patterns were prepared from metal dies having the same design. Crown castings (n = 6) were made using a one-chamber high-pressure casting machine. Commercially pure titanium ingot (Japanese Industrial Standard Class II) was used for each casting. Dimensional accuracy of the cast crowns was expressed by marginal discrepancy for a pair of wax pattern and casting prepared from the same die. All results were then subjected to regression analysis. Results: Rematitan Plus gave the highest setting temperature (about 70°C) and the highest SE (1.16 ± 0.01%) almost concurrently. The result was that Rematitan Plus produced oversized crowns from the lowest thermal expansion (TE) value (0.53 ± 0.05%) reducing the linear correlation to 0.80 (p < 0.05). No significant linear relationship was found between SE of investment material and crown-casting accuracy. Conclusions: The almost concurrent occurrence of high SE and high setting temperature generation in Rematitan Plus enlarged the wax pattern and effectively supplemented its low TE to produce oversized crowns. Despite this adverse effect, the correlation between TE and crown accuracy was still high. It is generally expected that the TE values given by manufacturers predict crown accuracy, when uniform TE, small SE, and minimum heat generation during setting are assured. [source] Socioeconomic Status and Belief in a Just World: Sentencing of Criminal Defendants,JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 10 2006Naomi J. Freeman The present study investigated whether defendants' socioeconomic status (SES) and jurors' beliefs in a just world affected punishment and blame decisions. The study's 273 participants completed the Just World Scale (Rubin & Peplau, 1975) and read a case scenario describing an aggravated murder. Participants rendered a verdict and answered questions concerning confidence, responsibility, and degree of guilt. Analyses partially supported the hypothesis. High believers in a just world were more likely to assign higher degrees of guilt and to sentence low SES defendants more severely than high SES or no SES information defendants. [source] Morbidity figures from general practice: sex differences in traumatologyJOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 4 2010Toine Lagro-Janssen MD PhD Abstract Background, Trauma prevention starts with to find out the extent of the problem and who it affects. Insight into morbidity figures is therefore necessary. Aim, To explore sex differences in traumatology and secondary medical care utilization in primary care related to age and socio-economic status (SES). Methods, Data were obtained from an academic continuous morbidity registration project in the Netherlands in the period from 1996 to 2006, in which 13 000 patients were followed in 10 successive years. Results, Sex differences showed a male excess from childhood to 45 years and women showing almost double trauma rates in the elderly. Low SES was associated with the greatest incidence of traumas. The largest sex difference in incidence above 65 years appeared in the high SES with more traumas in women compared with men. From this age on, female morbidity in traumatology outnumbered male morbidity regardless of SES. Considering use of referrals, we found that in the age group 15,45 years men made a greater use of secondary medical care. However, the vastest gender influence in medical care utilization was noticed in the age group over 65 years, outnumbered with women. Conclusion, Young men and old women are the most at risk for traumatic health problems: men presenting with traumata of the skull, the tibia and ocular trauma's and women with fractures of the femur, humerus and wrist. For both men and women the greatest incidence is in the low SES. Family physicians can play a pivotal role in prevention to focus on their patients with high risks. [source] Psychosocial, Motivational, and Contextual Profiles of Youth Reporting Different Patterns of Substance Use During AdolescenceJOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 1 2007Alison Bryant Ludden This research examined patterns of substance use and academic factors among a sample of 733 African-American and European-American adolescents from a metropolitan area. First, youth were classified into 11th grade high, moderate, or no substance use groups and classified as users, initiators, desistors, and nonusers based on eighth and 11th grade use. Nonusers did not differ in eighth grade from 11th grade moderate users and initiators over time. Eighth graders who reported misbehavior and having low-achieving friends were more likely to be high 11th grade users and users at both grades. Direct achievement effects were not found; however, interactions indicated achievement was protective when paired with having fun at school, high task value, and low levels of socioeconomic status (SES); and was a risk factor when paired with positive self regard, low fun at school and high SES. Cluster analyses indicated the most prevalent group of substance users reported high grades, social reasons for going to school, and having friends who do well in school. [source] Socio-economic gradients in self-reported diabetes for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians aged 18,64AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 2010Joan Cunningham Abstract Objective: To examine and compare socio-economic gradients in diabetes among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Methods: I analysed weighted data on self-reported diabetes and a range of socio-economic status (SES) measures for 5,417 Indigenous and 15,432 non-Indigenous adults aged 18,64 years from two nationally representative surveys conducted in parallel by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2004,05. Results: After adjusting for age, diabetes prevalence was significantly higher among those of lower SES in both Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. The age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (OR) for diabetes for the lowest versus the highest SES group were similar for the two populations on many variables. For example, the OR for the lowest quintile of equivalised household income (compared with quintiles 3,5 combined) was 2.3 (95% CI 1.6,3.4) for the Indigenous population and 2.0 (95% CI 1.5,2.8) for the non-Indigenous population. However, Indigenous people of high SES had greater diabetes prevalence than low SES non-Indigenous people on every SES measure examined. Conclusion: Socio-economic status explains some but not all of the difference in diabetes prevalence between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Other factors that may operate across the socio-economic spectrum, such as racism, stress, loss and grief, may also be relevant and warrant further examination. Implications: Indigenous Australians do not constitute a homogeneous group with respect to socio-economic status or diabetes prevalence, and this diversity must be recognised in developing measures to redress Indigenous health disadvantage. [source] The association between socioeconomic status and exposure to mobile telecommunication networks in children and adolescentsBIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 1 2010Silke Thomas Abstract A potential association between socioeconomic status (SES) and self-reported use of mobile phones has been investigated in a few studies. If measured exposure to mobile phone networks differs by SES in children, it has not yet been studied. Interview data of 1,481 children and 1,505 adolescents on participants' mobile phone use, socio-demographic characteristics and potential confounders were taken from the German MobilEe-study. Sociodemographic data was used to stratify participants into three "status groups" (low, middle, high). Using a personal dosimeter, we obtained an exposure profile over 24,h for each of the participants. Exposure levels during waking hours were expressed as mean percentage of the reference level. Children with a low SES were more likely to own a mobile phone (OR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1,3.9) and also reported to use their mobile phone longer per day (OR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1,5.4) than children with a high SES. For adolescents, self-reported duration of mobile phone use per day was also higher with a low SES (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.4,8.4) compared with a high SES. No association between SES and measured exposure to mobile telecommunication networks was seen for children or adolescents. Mobile phone use may differ between status groups with higher use among disadvantaged groups. However, this does not result in higher overall exposure to mobile telecommunication networks. Whether short duration of own mobile phone use or the small numbers of participants with a low SES are causal, have to be investigated in further studies. Bioelectromagnetics 31:20,27, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Increase in basal cell carcinoma incidence steepest in individuals with high socioeconomic status: results of a cancer registry study in the NetherlandsBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009S. Van Hattem Summary Background, Development of both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) is associated with acute and intermittent sun exposure. In contrast to MM, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and BCC is not well documented. Objectives, To investigate the incidence of BCC according to SES, stratifying by age and tumour localization in a large population-based cohort. To assess changes over time in the distribution of the patients with BCC across the SES categories. Methods, All patients with a histologically confirmed first primary BCC (n = 27,027) diagnosed between 1988 and 2005 in the Southeast of the Netherlands were stratified by sex, age (25,44, 45,64 and , 65 years), period of diagnosis, SES category (based on income and value of housing) and localization of the BCC. Age-standardized BCC incidence rates were calculated for the year 2004 by SES category and localization. Ordinal regression was used to assess changes over time in the proportion of patients with BCC by sex, age and SES. Results For men in all age groups higher BCC incidence in the highest SES category was observed, which remained significant after stratification for tumour localization. For women a consistent relationship was found only in younger women (< 65 years) for truncal BCCs, which occurred more frequently in high SES groups. Between 1990 and 2004, the proportion of BCC patients with high SES increased (+6%) and the proportion with low SES decreased (,7%). Conclusions, High SES is associated with increased incidence of BCC among men. Our data suggest that BCC is changing from a disease of the poor to a disease of the rich. [source] Prejudice against obesity among 10-year-olds: a nationwide population-based studyACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 7 2009Lena M Hansson Abstract Aims:, Population-based research on children's possible prejudice against thin, obese and average body sizes is scarce. This study examined children's prejudice against various body sizes of both sexes. The effects of sex, body size, place of residence and socio-economic status (SES) on children's prejudice were also investigated. Methods:, In 2005, a nationally representative sample of 10-year-old children (N = 1409) responded to a questionnaire measuring stereotypes and prejudice against thin, average-weight and obese silhouettes. Results:, As estimated by odds ratios (ORs), children were more likely to report prejudice against obesity (OR = 53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 42,67) and thinness (OR = 20, 95% CI: 16,26) than against average body weight. The risk of being prejudiced varied with child's sex and with sex and body size of the silhouette figure. No association was found between own body weight and prejudice against various body sizes. Children with high SES were more likely to be prejudiced against obesity compared with children with low SES (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1,1.4). Conclusion:, This large, population-based study showed that Swedish 10-year-old children hold stereotypical attitudes and are prejudiced against not only peers with obesity but also those with thin body sizes. Interestingly, no association was found between own body weight and prejudice against various body sizes. [source] | |||||||||||||