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Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Copolymers of Cyclopentadithiophene and Electron-Deficient Aromatic Units Designed for Photovoltaic Applications

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 20 2009
Johan C. Bijleveld
Abstract Alternating copolymers based on cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and five different electron-deficient aromatic units with reduced optical band gaps are synthesized via Suzuki coupling. All polymers show a significant photovoltaic response when mixed with a fullerene acceptor. The frontier orbital levels of the new polymers are designed to minimize energy losses by increasing the open-circuit voltage with respect to the optical band gap, while maintaining a high coverage of the absorption with the solar spectrum. The best cells are obtained for a copolymer of CPDT and benzooxadiazole (BO) with a band gap of 1.47,eV. This cell gives a short-circuit current of 5.4,mA cm,2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.78,V, and a fill factor of 0.6, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of about 2.5%. [source]

Alternative cervical cancer prevention in low-resource settings: Experiences of visual inspection by acetic acid with single-visit approach in the first five provinces of Thailand

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 1 2007
Buncha PALANUWONG
Abstract Background:, After the confirmation of its safety, acceptability and feasibility in a cervical cancer prevention demonstration project in 2002, a visual inspection by acetic acid (VIA) followed by an effective treatment using cryotherapy as a single-visit approach (SVA) was recently introduced in five provinces having low Pap smear screening rates, in Thailand. The effectiveness of a screening program is usually associated with a high level of coverage; however, in low-resource settings such a high coverage is still hard to attain by the conventional Pap smear approach. Aims:, To evaluate whether VIA/SVA can increase women's access to the prevention services in low-resource provinces of Thailand. Methods:, A cross-sectional study was conducted by analysing electronic screening records of the provinces. A ,2 test was used in the comparisons of screening coverage between the year before and the first year of VIA/SVA implementation during 1998,2005. Results:, This comparative study, which included 88 554 screening visits totally, shows a significant increase in the screening coverage of five provinces after the VIA/SVA implementation (P < 0.001). As a result of the large substitution of VIA/SVA for Pap smears, the costs of screening were lowered by as much as $US362 300 (66.8%) in the first year. Conclusion:, VIA/SVA has provided good screening coverage and lowered the financial burden in five low-resource provinces of Thailand. Therefore, it is promisingly competitive as a potential alternative means of cervical cancer prevention in low-resource areas. [source]

Chemistry of Ethylene Glycol on a Rh(100) Single-Crystal Surface

CHEMSUSCHEM CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABILITY, ENERGY & MATERIALS, Issue 9 2009
Maarten
Abstract The adsorption and decomposition of ethylene glycol on Rh(100) have been studied with temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. Ethylene glycol adsorbs onto the surface via the hydroxyl groups. At 150,K, both hydroxyl bonds are broken, forming an ethylenedioxy intermediate. At high coverage, a portion of the ethylene glycol molecules dehydrogenate only one hydroxyl bond, forming a monodentate species. These intermediates decompose further, with complete dehydrogenation and simultaneous CC bond breaking occurring at around 290,K. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are formed, which desorb at 290 and 500,K, respectively. [source]

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis after intrauterine infection

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 9 2004
M Dasopoulou
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), in the majority of cases, is caused by the wild measles virus, although there are some reports relating SSPE to vaccination. This paper presents an inborn that was infected during pregnancy by the measles virus and developed SSPE within the first year of life after a short incubation period. He progressed rapidly after a mild arrest with treatment. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a fatal degenerative disease and, although it had largely disappeared because of nearly universal measles vaccination, it still remains a serious infection among children affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The lack of newer cases of SSPE occurring among normal children nowadays should not wane alertness by obstetricians and paediatricians, to recognize the risk with measles during pregnancy and the need for prevention and recognition of SSPE at an early stage. Although some references exist which report on SSPE cases related to vaccination, new work weakens the possible links between measles vaccine and SSPE. Conclusion: This report would like to stress the importance and success of reducing the SSPE problem with the aid of general measles vaccination with high coverage. [source]