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HIV Antibodies (hiv + antibody)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	62%

Selected Abstracts

HIV antibody seroprevalence in the emergency department at Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea

EMERGENCY MEDICINE AUSTRALASIA, Issue 4 2005
Chris Curry
Abstract Objective:, To determine the prevalence of HIV antibody in patients presenting to the ED at Port Moresby General Hospital in Papua New Guinea. Method:, Three hundred patients in whom blood samples were taken for investigation of illness or injury between April and July 2003 were surveyed for HIV antibodies. Sex, age and presenting illness were recorded. Results:, Fifty-four tests (18%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 14,23%) were positive. Forty-seven per cent were men and 53% were women. The most common presenting illnesses were respiratory tract infections (37%) and gastrointestinal tract infections (26%). Because of resource constraints results were not linked to patients and there was no follow up. Conclusion:, These limited data support the prediction that the developing HIV/AIDS epidemic in Papua New Guinea will be serious. [source]

Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and its association with hepatitis B, C, and D virus infections among incarcerated male substance abusers in Taiwan

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 6 2009
Fang-Yeh Chu
Abstract Taiwan has been facing a rising epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection since 2004. Injection drug users comprised 38.5% of accumulated HIV cases by 2007. This cross-sectional study investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and HIV infection in 753 male substance users who were detained in a detoxification center in Taoyuan, Taiwan. The subjects were enrolled into the study consecutively between February and October, 2005. The seroprevalence rates of HIV antibodies, HCV antibodies, and HBV surface antigens among all subjects, and HDV antibodies among HBV carriers were 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.19,8.95), 30.5% (95% CI: 27.23,33.93), 16.9% (95% CI: 14.24,19.71) and 13.7% (95% CI: 8.19,21.04), respectively. Subjects in the heroin injection group had significantly higher rates of HIV infection, HCV infection and HDV superinfection (25.5%, 89.6%, and 38.7%) than those in the heroin non-injection group (0.9%, 24.5%, and 6.25%), the methamphetamine group (0.3%, 8.1%, and 6.7%), and the club drug group (1%, 3%, and 0%; P,<,0.001). The odds of HCV, HIV, or HDV infection were 74.7, 63.8, and 11.1 higher, respectively, for heroin injection drug users than for non-injection drug users (P,<,0.0001). Compared to HIV-negative individuals, the odds of being a heroin injector and the odds of HCV co-infections were 64-fold and 149-fold higher, respectively, in HIV-positive individuals. The impact of HBV, HCV, and HDV infection on the HIV epidemic in Taiwan should be monitored closely. J. Med. Virol. 81:973,978, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

HIV epidemic in central african republic: High prevalence rates in both rural and urban areas

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 3 2004
Marcelle Diane Matsika-Claquin
Abstract A sentinel serosurveillance study was conducted in Central African Republic to estimate the prevalence of HIV seropositivity in the general adult population in each province so that the public health authorities can target HIV prevention programmes to the priority areas. Blood samples were collected from women attending 48 antenatal clinics in urban and rural areas of the Central African Republic. These samples were tested for HIV antibodies in an anonymous and unlinked manner using strategy II recommended by WHO. The data were extrapolated to all women of reproductive age in Central African Republic by use of a parity-based adjustment involving the application of correction factors to the observed prevalence rates. A total of 9,305 pregnant women were recruited from November 2001 to October 2002. HIV seroprevalence was high in all age groups (12% in the less than 20 year age group to 17% in the 25,29 year age group). The median prevalence of HIV in antenatal clinics was similar for rural areas, for Bangui and for other urban areas (16.5, 15.0, and 12.5% respectively). Adjustment for parity and fertility pattern increased the prevalence of HIV in all antenatal clinics except in Bangui. This first national study of HIV prevalence in Central African Republic revealed that the HIV epidemic is continuing to spread in both urban and rural areas. Thus, efforts to reduce transmission should be made in every part of the country. J. Med. Virol. 72:358,362, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

The burden of silicosis, pulmonary tuberculosis and COPD among former Basotho goldminers

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 9 2008
Brendan V. Girdler-Brown MBChB, FCPHM(SA)
Abstract Background The burden of silicosis, pulmonary tuberculosis and COPD is described in 624 South African gold miners 18 months after cessation of work. Methods This was a prevalence study. Questionnaires were administered, and spirometry, chest radiography, tuberculosis investigations, and urine HIV antibody assays were performed. Results Attendance was 80.1% (624/779), mean age 49.4 years, and mean employment duration 25.6 years. Most subjects had had medium (26.5%) or high (65.4%) dust-exposure jobs. Current smoking rate was 35%, with ever smoking 61%. HIV antibodies were detected in the urine in 22.3%. Prevalences were: silicosis 24.6%, past tuberculosis 26%, current tuberculosis 6.2%, airflow obstruction 13.4%, and chronic productive cough 17.7%. Almost 50% of these miners had at least one of these respiratory conditions. Conclusions A heavy burden of silicosis, tuberculosis and COPD was present in this group of former goldminers. Intensification of work place dust control measures and TB and HIV prevention activities are needed on South African gold mines. In labor sending communities investment is needed in silicosis and tuberculosis surveillance as well as HIV treatment and care. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:640,647, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

HIV antibody seroprevalence in the emergency department at Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea

Effectiveness of hepatitis C treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in urban minority patients,

HEPATOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
Paul Feuerstadt
Randomized controlled trials of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin have demonstrated sustained viral response rates (SVRs) of 54%-63% (efficacy). Treatment results in clinical practice (effectiveness) may not be equivalent. The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of HCV treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in a treatment-naïve, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative, United States urban population with many ethnic minority patients. We evaluated 2,370 outpatients for HCV therapy from 2001 to 2006 in the Faculty Practice of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine or the attending-supervised Montefiore Medical Center Liver Clinic. Care was supervised by one experienced physician under conditions of everyday clinical practice, and appropriate ancillary resources were made available to all patients. Two hundred fifty-five patients were treated with a mean age of 50 years (60% male, 40% female; 58% Hispanic, 20% African American, 9% Caucasian, 13% other; 68% genotype 1, the remainder genotypes 2 or 3). Patients had at least one liver biopsy. Intention-to-treat analysis (ITT) showed SVR in 14% of genotype 1 patients and 37% in genotype 2/3 patients (P < 0.001). SVR was significantly higher in faculty practice (27%) than in clinic patients (15%) by intention-to-treat (P = 0.01) but not per-protocol analysis (46% faculty practice, 34% clinic). 3.3% of 1,656 treatment-naïve, HIV antibody,negative individuals ultimately achieved SVR. Current hepatitis C therapies may sometimes be unavailable to, inappropriate for, and ineffective in United States urban patients. Treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin was less effective in this population than is implied by multinational phase III controlled trials. New strategies are needed to care for such patients. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.) [source]

HIV antigen,antibody combination enzyme immunoassay,the experience of a London Teaching Hospital

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue S1 2007
Simon Goldenberg
Abstract The introduction of the fourth generation HIV antigen,antibody combination enzyme immunoassay (HIV Ag,Ab EIA) has led to a reduction in the diagnostic "window period" when HIV antibody is negative during primary infection. This facilitates earlier laboratory diagnosis during sero-conversion. An HIV Ag,Ab EIA (AxSYM, Abbott Laboratories, Kent, UK) was introduced to a London Teaching Hospital since 2004 as the primary screening test. Confirmation was performed using another HIV Ag,Ab EIA (Vironostika, BioMérieux, Hampshire, UK) and an HIV Ab only assay (Bispot, Orgenics, Yavne, Israel). Retrospective analysis identified a total of 20 sero-converting patients who would have been missed if the standard antibody-only HIV tests had been used as the primary screening test. This accounted for approximately 3% of the new diagnoses made by the laboratory. The median time from onset of illness to sero-conversion was 18 days. Two patients had multiple samples analyzed between initial presentation and eventual sero-conversion. One had a prolonged sero-conversion illness lasting for over 137 days; the other sero-converted within 17 days. A plotting of the signal to cut-off ratio with time of the two HIV Ag,Ab EIAs showed a V-shaped curve and both tests were below cut-off at some time-points during sero-conversion. These two cases highlighted the difficulties in diagnosing HIV infection during sero-conversion. On the basis of these results, it is recommended that a fourth generation HIV Ag,Ab EIA could be considered for use as the standard of care, particularly in any population with a high rate of HIV infection. J. Med. Virol. 79:S23,S26, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]