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Hilar Lymph Nodes (hilar + lymph_node)
Selected AbstractsSerum progastrin-releasing peptide levels followed by whole-body positron emission tomography detects early recurrence of small-cell lung cancerRESPIROLOGY, Issue 1 2007Hiroyuki YAMAGUCHI Abstract: A 65-year-old male smoker with severe COPD was diagnosed with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer. After receiving cisplatin/irinotecan, serum progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) levels decreased to within the reference values and the lesions were markedly reduced in size. A whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET) scan confirmed complete remission. During follow up, serum ProGRP levels increased, and a whole-body FDG-PET scan detected recurrence at the hilar lymph node that had been negative on CT. Complete remission was again achieved with second-line chemotherapy (cisplatin/etoposide) and local irradiation to the hilar lymph node. Monitoring serum ProGRP levels, followed by whole-body FDG-PET when indicated, may improve the clinical management of patients with small-cell lung cancer after initial complete remission. [source] Disseminated intraparenchymal microgranulomas in the brainstem in central nervous system sarcoidosisNEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Makoto Nishie We report a 70-year-old woman with sarcoidosis and multiple cranial nerve palsy. The patient suffered from dysarthria, dysphagia and weakness of the upper and lower extremities and died of sepsis. No abnormalities were noted in brain MRI. At autopsy, numerous epithelioid granulomas with Langhans giant cells were present in the bilateral lungs, including the hilar lymph nodes. The brain had a normal external appearance. Histologically, there were brainstem parenchymal lesions consisting of many microgranulomas, lymphocytic infiltration, activated microglias and astrocytosis. Perivascular lympocytic cuffing was also seen. Neither granulomas nor lymphocytic infiltration were seen in the leptomeninges. The present case was considered to be a peculiar type of neurosarcoidosis, that is, "sarcoid brainstem encephalitis". [source] Intrathoracic nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in otherwise healthy childrenPEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 11 2009Alexandra F. Freeman MD Abstract Background Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is typically associated with lymphadenitis in immune competent children, and disseminated disease in children with immune deficiencies. Isolated pulmonary NTM disease is seen in cystic fibrosis, and is increasingly recognized in immunocompetent elderly women, where it is associated with an increased incidence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) mutations. Thoracic NTM infection has been reported rarely in otherwise healthy children. We aimed to determine whether otherwise healthy children with pulmonary NTM disease had immunologic abnormalities or CFTR mutations. Clinical presentations of five otherwise healthy children with pulmonary NTM were reviewed. Immunologic studies were performed including a complete blood cell count (CBC), flow cytometric lymphocyte phenotyping and IFN-gamma receptor expression, in vitro cytokine stimulation, and serum immunoglobulin levels. Mutational analysis was performed for CFTR. The children ranged in age from 12 months to 2.5 years at diagnosis. Four presented with new onset wheezing or stridor failing bronchodilator therapy. One child was asymptomatic. Endobronchial lesions and/or hilar lymph nodes causing bronchial obstruction were identified in all patients. Mycobacterium avium complex was cultured from four patients, and Mycobacterium abscessus from one patient. All patients were successfully treated with anti-mycobacterial therapy with or without surgery. No definitive immunologic abnormalities were identified. No clinically significant mutations were found in CFTR. Pulmonary NTM infection should be considered in otherwise healthy young children presenting with refractory stridor or wheezing with endobronchial lesions or hilar lymphadenopathy. It does not appear to be associated with recognized underlying immune deficiency or CFTR mutations. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:1051,1056. ©2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Histological diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastases from renal cell carcinoma by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirationRESPIROLOGY, Issue 2 2007Takahiro NAKAJIMA Abstract: Evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with an intrathoracic nodule post malignancy is crucial for the determination of further treatment. Different radiological modalities are available for the detection of mediastinal lymph node metastases such as multidetector helical CT, PET-scan and PET-CT. However, tissue sampling is required for a firm diagnosis. A minimally invasive method of tissue sampling of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes using direct real-time endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration has been reported. This method is appropriate not only for cytodiagnosis but also for histological diagnosis. This current study reports a case of mediastinal lymph node metastases from renal cell carcinoma successfully diagnosed histologically by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. [source] | ||||||||||