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Heart Health (heart + health)
Selected AbstractsDietetic guidelines on food and nutrition in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease , evidence from systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (second update, January 2006)JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 6 2006A. Mead Abstract Aim, To update dietetic guidelines based on systematic review evidence on dietary advice to prevent further events in people with existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) (secondary prevention). Methods, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE were comprehensively searched to January 2005 for systematic reviews on aspects of diet and heart health. Reviews were included if they searched systematically for randomized controlled trials relating to diet and secondary prevention of CVD. Each review was critically appraised by at least two members of the UK Heart Health and Thoracic Dietitians Group. The quality and results of each review were discussed and summarized at a group meeting. Results, Evidence-based strategies that reduce cardiovascular events in those with CVD include reduction in saturated fat and substitution with unsaturated fats. Individuals who have suffered a myocardial infarction may also benefit from adopting a Mediterranean type diet and increasing intake of omega 3 fats, but it is not clear whether they are beneficial for all patients with CVD. There is no systematic review evidence to support the use of antioxidant vitamins supplements, low glycaemic index diets, or homocysteine lowering therapies in this group. Conclusion, There remains good evidence that reducing saturated fat reduces morbidity in patients with CVD. This advice is consistent for most manifestations of CVD, with the addition of Mediterranean dietary advice and increased omega 3 fats for those who have had a myocardial infarction. [source] Increased Bone Resorption Is Associated With Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Men: The MINOS Study,,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 12 2009Pawel Szulc Abstract Better assessment of the association between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis in older men may help identify shared etiologies for bone and heart health in this population. We assessed the association of BMD and bone turnover markers (BTMs) with risk of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction or stroke) in 744 men ,50 yr of age. During the 7.5-yr prospective follow-up, 43 strokes and 40 myocardial infarctions occurred in 79 men. After adjustment for confounders (age, weight, height, smoking, education, physical activity, self-reported history of diabetes, hypertension, and prevalent ischemic heart disease), men in the lowest quartile of BMD at the spine, whole body, and forearm had a 2-fold increased risk of cardiovascular events. Men in the highest quartile of bone resorption markers (deoxypyridinoline [DPD], C-telopeptide of type I collagen) had a 2-fold increased risk of cardiovascular events (e.g., multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [including additional adjustment for BMD] was 2.11 [95% CI: 1.26,3.56], for the highest quartile of free DPD relative to the lowest three quartiles). The results were similar for men without prevalent ischemic heart disease and for myocardial infarction and stroke analyzed separately. Our data suggest that men with low BMD or high bone resorption may be at increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in addition to fracture. Thus, men with osteoporosis may benefit from screening for cardiovascular disease. Further study to elucidate the biological mechanism shared by bone and vascular disease may help efforts to identify men at risk or develop treatment. [source] Dietetic guidelines on food and nutrition in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease , evidence from systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (second update, January 2006)JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 6 2006A. Mead Abstract Aim, To update dietetic guidelines based on systematic review evidence on dietary advice to prevent further events in people with existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) (secondary prevention). Methods, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE were comprehensively searched to January 2005 for systematic reviews on aspects of diet and heart health. Reviews were included if they searched systematically for randomized controlled trials relating to diet and secondary prevention of CVD. Each review was critically appraised by at least two members of the UK Heart Health and Thoracic Dietitians Group. The quality and results of each review were discussed and summarized at a group meeting. Results, Evidence-based strategies that reduce cardiovascular events in those with CVD include reduction in saturated fat and substitution with unsaturated fats. Individuals who have suffered a myocardial infarction may also benefit from adopting a Mediterranean type diet and increasing intake of omega 3 fats, but it is not clear whether they are beneficial for all patients with CVD. There is no systematic review evidence to support the use of antioxidant vitamins supplements, low glycaemic index diets, or homocysteine lowering therapies in this group. Conclusion, There remains good evidence that reducing saturated fat reduces morbidity in patients with CVD. This advice is consistent for most manifestations of CVD, with the addition of Mediterranean dietary advice and increased omega 3 fats for those who have had a myocardial infarction. [source] CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF WHEY AND SOY PROTEIN IN MEAL REPLACEMENT PRODUCTSJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 3 2008JESSICA L. CHILDS ABSTRACT Meal replacement products including protein bars, shakes and powdered drinks have increased in demand and sales. The objective of this study was to assess the consumer perception of protein content and type and product claims for meal replacement beverages and bars. The impact of exercise frequency on product perception was also investigated. Focus groups were conducted with exercisers and nonexercisers. An adaptive conjoint analysis survey was subsequently developed and conducted (n = 138 consumers, ages 18,35 years). Relative importance of product attributes was determined through a realistic trade-off scenario. Utility scores were extracted and rescaled by the zero-centered differences method, and two-way analysis of variance was conducted to identify the differences between exercise frequency and product attributes. Both groups preferred bars to beverages, and no clear preferences were observed for protein type, which was consistent with focus group results of low knowledge/understanding of specific proteins. All respondents valued the products with low-fat/fat-free, calcium, all-natural, protein, vitamin/mineral, heart health and muscle-building claims. Exercisers viewed muscle-building claims as more important than nonexercisers. Nonexercisers viewed heart health, calcium and vitamin/mineral claims as more important than exercisers. Three distinct consumer clusters were identified, and both exercise groups were found in all three clusters, although exercise frequency influenced membership in two of the three clusters (P < 0.05). These findings can be used to develop and market meal replacement products to specific consumer groups while leveraging their specific and unique needs. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Conjoint analysis provides a useful model of how consumers think during the purchase process and an understanding of the motivation for purchase through the testing of possible claims or product attributes. By applying this method to the purchase process of meal replacement bars and beverages, those in the field of development of these products can benefit from this information by being able to understand the motivation for purchase by the targeted consumer. [source] | ||||||||||