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Heart Disease Risk Factors (heart + disease_risk_factor)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise on Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors

PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, Issue 2 2008
George A. Kelley DA
The authors examined the effects of aerobic exercise on selected coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors using data from previously published meta-analyses. Using a random effects model, the effects of aerobic exercise on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (mean, 95% confidence interval, ,0.9%, ,1.9% to 0.03%), resting systolic blood pressure (,6.9 mm Hg, ,9.1 to ,4.6 mm Hg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (,3.1 mg/dL, ,6.1 to 0 mg/dL), and body mass index (,1.3 kg/m2, ,2.5 to ,0.1 kg/m2) were either statistically significant or demonstrated a trend for statistical significance. Changes were equivalent to relative reductions of ,8.5%, ,4.7%, ,2.0%, and ,4.5%, respectively. Changes corresponded to estimated 5-year reductions in CHD mortality of 14%, 17%, 1.5%, and 5%, respectively. The results of this review reinforce the idea that aerobic exercise is an important nonpharmacologic intervention for improving selected CHD risk factors. [source]

One-year changes in glucose and heart disease risk factors among participants in the WISEWOMAN programme

EUROPEAN DIABETES NURSING, Issue 2 2007
JC Will PhD
Abstract Background: WISEWOMAN provides chronic disease risk factor screening, referrals and lifestyle interventions to low-income, uninsured women, to reduce their heart disease and stroke risk. Participants learn behaviour-changing skills tailored to low-income populations, such as collaborative goal setting, the need to take small steps and other empowerment techniques. Aim: To quantify the baseline prevalence of pre-diabetes (fasting blood glucose 5.5,6.9 mmol/l) and diabetes among WISEWOMAN participants and assess one-year changes in glucose levels and other diabetes risk factors. Methods: We used 1998,2005 baseline and one-year follow-up data from WISEWOMAN participants. Using a multilevel regression model, we assessed one-year changes in glucose, blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol and 10-year risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among participants with baseline pre-diabetes (n=688) or diabetes (n=338). Results: At baseline, 15% of participants had pre-diabetes and 10% had diabetes. Of those with diabetes, 26% were unaware of their condition before baseline screening. During the one-year follow-up period, participants with pre-diabetes experienced statistically significant improvements in glucose (2.9%) and cholesterol (2.1%) levels and 10-year CHD risk (4.3%). Participants with newly diagnosed diabetes experienced statistically significant improvements in glucose (11.5%), BP (3.1%,3.5%) and cholesterol (6.4%) levels. Participants with previously diagnosed diabetes experienced significant improvements in BP (1.9%,3.4%), cholesterol level (3.8%), and 10-year CHD risk (8.5%). Conclusions: Implementing patient-centered, comprehensive and multilevel interventions and demonstrating their effectiveness will likely lead to the adoption of this approach on a much broader scale. [source]

Association of serum sialic acid and MMP-9 with lipids and inflammatory markers

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 2 2000
Kalela
Background Inflammation of the arterial wall has emerged to be an important contributor to the process of atherosclerosis, the major cause of coronary heart disease. Several factors are currently under investigation as inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis. Serum sialic acid and matrix metalloproteinase-9 may provide such markers. We studied their association with the lipid profile and with the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and leukocyte count in a clinically healthy population of men. Materials and methods Cardiovascular risk-related laboratory tests were carried out in 65 consecutive male employees in connection with an occupational health survey in 1996. The subjects were divided into tertiles on the basis of serum sialic acid or matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentration. Results In a stepwise polychotomous logistic regression model adjusting for coronary heart disease risk factors, serum sialic acid concentration was not associated with markers of inflammation but rather with the lipid risk factors of atherosclerosis: inversely with HDL cholesterol (OR = 0.081, 95% CI 0.0068,0.97) and positively with total cholesterol (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1,5.6). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels had a significant positive correlation with the leukocyte count (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.4,4). Conclusions Serum sialic acid does not appear to be an indicator of inflammation but is somehow connected with the level of total and HDL cholesterol. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 may provide a useful marker of inflammation because it correlates with the leukocyte count and is not associated with the lipid profile. [source]

Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Genetic Variation and Early Onset of Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction

ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 6 2008
V. Meiner
Summary Although Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) mediates the transfer of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides between lipoprotein particles and thus plays a crucial role in reverse cholesterol transport, the association of variations in the CETP gene with acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear. In this study we examined whether common genetic variation in the CETP gene is related to early-onset non-fatal MI risk in a population-based case-control study from western Washington State. Genotyping for the CETP ,2708 G/A, ,971 A/G, ,629 A/C, Intron-I TaqI G/A and exon-14 A/G (I405V) SNPs was performed in 578 cases with first acute non-fatal MI and in 666 demographically similar controls, free of clinical cardiovascular disease, identified randomly from the community. In-person interviews and non-fasting blood specimens provided data on coronary heart disease risk factors. In men, there was little evidence for an association between single SNPs and MI risk, but in women the age- and race-adjusted OR was found to be significant in 4 out of the 5 CETP single variants. Haplotype analysis revealed two haplotypes associated with MI risk among men. As compared to men homozygous for the most common haplotype D (,2708 G, ,971 G, ,629 C, TaqI G and exon-14 A), the fully-adjusted multiplicative model identified haplotype G (,2708 G, ,971 A, ,629 A, TaqI G and exon-14 G) was associated with a 4.0-6.0-fold increased risk of MI for each additional copy; [95%CI 2.4,14.8] and haplotype B (,2708 G, ,971 G, ,629 A, TaqI A and exon-14 A) showed a significant decreased risk for early onset MI [OR = 0.18; 95%CI 0.04 , 0.75]. An evolutionary-based haplotype analysis indicated that the two haplotypes associated with the MI risk are most evolutionarily divergent from the other haplotypes. Variation at the CETP gene locus is associated with the risk of early-onset non-fatal MI. This association was found to be independent of HDL-C levels. These data and the sex-specific findings require confirmation in other populations. [source]