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Hearing-impaired Children (hearing-impaired + child)
Selected AbstractsAdverse perinatal conditions in hearing-impaired children in a developing countryPAEDIATRIC & PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Bolajoko O. Olusanya Summary Prevailing adverse perinatal conditions in developing countries have been associated with substantial mortality, but little evidence exists on their impact on permanent childhood disabilities and morbidity due to limitations in clinical investigations and medical records. This study aims to identify the possible association between parent-reported adverse perinatal conditions and permanent hearing loss, in order to establish service needs within current maternal and child health programmes. Structured questionnaires were administered to 363 parents of deaf children and 309 parents of normal-hearing children in an inner city area of Lagos, Nigeria. The parents were from all social classes. After a multivariable logistic regression analysis, birth asphyxia [OR 20.45; 95% CI 6.26, 66.85], difficult delivery [OR 8.09; 95% CI 2.76, 23.68], neonatal jaundice [OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.25, 4.79] and neonatal seizures [OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.09, 4.85] were associated with permanent hearing loss. Consanguineous marriages [OR 6.69; 95% CI 2.72, 16.46] and family history of deafness [OR 6.27; 95% CI 2.07, 18.97] also emerged as additional risk factors for permanent hearing loss. In addition, parents of children in state-owned schools for the deaf were significantly more likely to belong to higher social classes compared with normal-hearing children in mainstream state-owned schools. There is a need to incorporate services for the early detection of permanent hearing loss into current maternal and child healthcare programmes in developing countries. [source] Developing and Sharing Team Mental Models in a Profession-driven and Value-laden OrganizationPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2006Jeng-Yi Tzeng While team mental models have been shown to be effective in facilitating team operations in ordinary transactive organizations, their impact on loosely coupled yet value-laden organizations is relatively under studied. Using qualitative inquiry methodology, this study investigates the three referential frameworks (i.e., theoretical knowledge, practical experiences, and team consciousness) of the team mental models employed in a nonprofit organization which provides therapy for hearing-impaired children in Taiwan. The results indicate that fostering a strong team mental model may be an effective way to ensure that the performance of value-laden practice meets a certain expectation. Moreover, I present arguments that because various cognitive properties of team mental models are formed, shared, and represented in different ways, they should be investigated and understood from a holistic perspective; and that it should also be cultivated by an integrative approach that utilizes theoretical, practical, and organizational knowledge. [source] Emotion recognition/understanding ability in hearing or vision-impaired children: do sounds, sights, or words make the difference?THE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 4 2004Murray J. Dyck Background:, This study was designed to assess whether children with a sensory disability have consistent delays in acquiring emotion recognition and emotion understanding abilities. Method:, Younger (6,11 years) and older (12,18 years) hearing-impaired children (HI; n = 49), vision-impaired children (VI; n = 42), and children with no sensory impairment (NSI; n = 72) were assessed with the Emotion Recognition Scales (ERS), which include two tests of the ability to recognize vocal expressions of emotion, two tests of the ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion, and three tests of emotion understanding. Results:, Results indicate that when compared with age-peers, HI children and adolescents have significant delays or deficits on all ERS, but VI children and adolescents are delayed only on emotion recognition tasks. When compared with children group-matched for verbal ability (Wechsler verbal scales), the achievement of HI children on ERS equals or exceeds that of controls; VI children underachieve on an emotion recognition task and overachieve on an emotion vocabulary task compared to verbal ability matched peers. Conclusions:, We conclude that VI children have a specific emotion recognition deficit, but among HI children, performance on emotion recognition and emotion understanding tasks reflects delayed acquisition of a broad range of language-mediated abilities. [source] Evidence for surviving outer hair cell function in congenitally deaf ears,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 11 2003FRCS (London), FRCS (ORL-HNS), Peter A. Rea MA Abstract Objective/Hypothesis: The hypotheses of the study were that congenital hearing impairment in infants can result from the isolated loss of inner hair cells of the cochlea and that this is shown by the presence of abnormal positive summating potentials on round window electrocochleography. The objectives were to establish the proportion of infants with hearing loss affected, the nature of the cochlear lesion, and its etiology. And to highlight the important implications for otoacoustic emissions testing and universal neonatal screening. Study Design: A prospectively conducted consecutive cohort study with supplemental review of notes was performed. Methods: Four hundred sixty-four children underwent round window electrocochleography and auditory brainstem response testing under general anesthesia to assess suspected hearing loss. The presence of abnormal positive potentials was recorded. Otoacoustic emissions data were collected separately and retrospectively. Results: Three hundred forty-two children had significant bilateral congenital hearing loss. All results were from hearing-impaired children. Abnormal positive potentials were recorded in 73 of 342 children (21%). Eighty-three percent of children with otoacoustic emissions also had abnormal positive potentials, but only 14% of children without otoacoustic emissions had abnormal positive potentials (P < .001). In the neonatal intensive care unit setting, 43% of infants were found to have abnormal positive potentials, whereas only 10% had abnormal positive potentials if not in the neonatal intensive care unit setting (P < .001). Abnormal positive potentials were present in 63% of infants born before 30 weeks gestation and in 14% of infants born at term (P < .001). Abnormal positive potentials were identified in 57% of infants with documented hypoxia and 11% of children with no episodes (P < .001). Otoacoustic emissions were present in 48% of infants from the neonatal intensive care unit, despite their hearing loss. Conclusion: Both otoacoustic emissions and abnormal positive potentials may originate from outer hair cell activity following inner hair cell loss. This may occur in more than 40% of hearing-impaired children in the neonatal intensive care unit setting. Chronic hypoxia is the most likely cause. Otoacoustic emissions testing may not be a suitable screening tool for such infants. 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