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Healthy Young (healthy + young)
Terms modified by Healthy Young Selected AbstractsUrinary Markers in Healthy Young and Aged Dogs and Dogs with Chronic Kidney DiseaseJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010P.M.Y. Smets Background: Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations only detect a decrease of >75% of renal functional mass. Therefore, there is a need for markers that allow early detection and localization of renal damage. Hypothesis: Urinary albumin (uALB), C-reactive protein (uCRP), retinol binding protein (uRBP), and N -acetyl-,- d -glucosaminidase (uNAG) concentrations are increased in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy controls and in healthy older dogs compared with young dogs. Animals: Ten dogs with CKD, 10 healthy young dogs (age 1,3 years), and 10 healthy older dogs (age > 7 years) without clinically relevant abnormalities on physical examination, hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis. Methods: Urinary markers were determined using an ELISA (uALB, uCRP, and uRBP) or a colorimetric test (uNAG). Results were related to urinary creatinine (c). The fixed effects model or the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare the different groups of dogs. Results: uALB/c, uRBP/c, and uNAG/c were significantly higher in CKD dogs than in healthy dogs. No significant difference was found for uCRP, which was not detectable in the healthy dogs and only in 3 of the CKD dogs. Between the healthy young and older dogs, no significant difference was detected for any of the markers. Conclusion: The urinary markers uALB/c, uRBP/c, and uNAG/c were significantly increased in dogs with CKD compared with healthy controls. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the ability of these markers to detect renal disease before the onset of azotemia. [source] Interstitial glucose in skeletal muscle of diabetic patients during an oral glucose tolerance testDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 1 2005M. Frossard Abstract Aim The presence of a transcapillary arterial,interstitial gradient for glucose (AIGglu) in skeletal muscle may be interpreted as a consequence of intact cellular glucose uptake. We hypothesized that the AIGglu decreases in Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a consequence of insulin resistance, whereas it remains intact in Type 1 diabetes. Methods Glucose concentrations were measured in serum and interstitial space fluid of skeletal muscle during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and in young and middle-aged healthy volunteers, using microdialysis. Results The area under the curve for glucose in serum (AUCSE) was higher than in interstitial space fluid of skeletal muscle (AUCMU) in healthy young (AUCSE = 1147 ± 332 vs. AUCMU = 633 ± 257 mM/min/ml; P = 0.006), healthy middle-aged volunteers (AUCSE = 1406 ± 186 vs. AUCMU = 1048 ± 229 mM/min/ml; P = 0.001) and in Type 1 diabetic patients (AUCSE = 2273 ± 486 vs. AUCMU = 1655 ± 178 mM/min/ml; P = 0.003). In contrast, in Type 2 diabetic patients AUCSE (2908 ± 1023 mM/min/ml) was not significantly different from AUCMU (2610 ± 722 mM/min/ml; P = NS). Conclusion The present data indicate that AIGglu is compromised in Type 2 diabetes in contrast to Type 1 diabetes where it appears to be normal. Because no changes in muscle blood flow were detected, insulin resistance appears to be the main cause for the observed decreased AIGglu in skeletal muscle in Type 2 diabetic patients. [source] Effects of physiological aging and cerebrovascular risk factors on the hemodynamic response to brain activation: a functional transcranial Doppler studyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2007K. Gröschel The influence of the vascular system on the coupling of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to focal brain activation during aging is incompletely understood. Using functional transcranial Doppler sonography and a hypercapnic challenge as a marker of intact cerebral vasoreactivity, we determined CBF velocity (CBFV) changes in response to a language and arithmetic task in a group of 43 healthy young subjects (mean age 32 ± 8.6 years), 18 healthy old subjects (mean age 64 ± 9.8 years) and 29 old subjects with risk factors for an atherosclerosis (mean age 69 ± 8.4 years). Despite a similar performance during the cognitive tasks the CBFV changes were significantly lower in the group of old subjects with vascular risk factors compared with the healthy young and old subjects. Similarly, the CBFV changes during hypercapnia were significantly lower in the group of old subjects with vascular risk factors compared with the healthy young and old subjects. In contrast, both cognitive tasks and hypercapnia produced comparable CBFV changes in the group of healthy young and old subjects. These results suggest that the hemodynamic response to neuronal activation is unaffected by aging alone, whereas the presence of cardiovascular risk factors significantly diminishes the capability of cerebral vessels to react to vasodilating stimuli. [source] Simultaneous measurements of cerebral oxygenation changes during brain activation by near-infrared spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy young and elderly subjectsHUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 1 2002D. Jannet Mehagnoul-Schipper Abstract Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) both allow non-invasive monitoring of cerebral cortical oxygenation responses to various stimuli. To compare these methods in elderly subjects and to determine the effect of age on cortical oxygenation responses, we determined motor-task-related changes in deoxyhemoglobin concentration ([HHb]) over the left motor cortex in six healthy young subjects (age 35 ± 9 years, mean ± SD) and five healthy elderly subjects (age 73 ± 3 years) by NIRS and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI simultaneously. The motor-task consisted of seven cycles of 20-sec periods of contralateral finger-tapping at a rate as fast as possible alternated with 40-sec periods of rest. Time-locked averages over the seven cycles were used for further analysis. Task-related decreases in [HHb] over the motor cortex were measured by NIRS, with maximum changes of ,0.83 ± 0.38 ,mol/L (P < 0.01) for the young and ,0.32 ± 0.17 ,mol/L (P < 0.05) for the elderly subjects. The BOLD-fMRI signal increased over the cortex volume under investigation with NIRS, with maximum changes of 2.11 ± 0.72% (P < 0.01) for the young and 1.75 ± 0.71% (P < 0.01) for the elderly subjects. NIRS and BOLD-fMRI measurements showed good correlation in the young (r = ,0.70, r2 = 0.48, P < 0.001) and elderly subjects (r = ,0.82, r2 = 0.67, P < 0.001). Additionally, NIRS measurements demonstrated age-dependent decreases in task-related cerebral oxygenation responses (P < 0.05), whereas fMRI measurements demonstrated smaller areas of cortical activation in the elderly subjects (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that NIRS and fMRI similarly assess cortical oxygenation changes in young subjects and also in elderly subjects. In addition, cortical oxygenation responses to brain activation alter with aging. Hum. Brain Mapping 16:14,23, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Ginkgo biloba: no robust effect on cognitive abilities or mood in healthy young or older adultsHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 1 2006Nicholas R. Burns Abstract Ginkgo biloba extracts are commonly used to prevent or treat memory problems but evidence on the efficacy of ginkgo is equivocal. In any case, the psychological locus of ginkgo's effects is unknown. A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed effects of ginkgo (120,mg per day) on a wide range of cognitive abilities, executive function, attention and mood in 93 healthy older adults (55,79 years) and in 104 young adults (18,43 years). For the older adult sample, longer-term memory assessed by associational learning tasks showed improvement with ginkgo (d,=,0.52, p,=,0.04). There was no statistically significant difference on any other measure. For the young adult group no measure showed statistically significant effects of ginkgo enhancement. There were no side effects unequivocally attributable to treatment with ginkgo and those reported by participants in the ginkgo groups were mild and similar to those reported elsewhere. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Urinary Markers in Healthy Young and Aged Dogs and Dogs with Chronic Kidney DiseaseJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010P.M.Y. Smets Background: Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations only detect a decrease of >75% of renal functional mass. Therefore, there is a need for markers that allow early detection and localization of renal damage. Hypothesis: Urinary albumin (uALB), C-reactive protein (uCRP), retinol binding protein (uRBP), and N -acetyl-,- d -glucosaminidase (uNAG) concentrations are increased in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy controls and in healthy older dogs compared with young dogs. Animals: Ten dogs with CKD, 10 healthy young dogs (age 1,3 years), and 10 healthy older dogs (age > 7 years) without clinically relevant abnormalities on physical examination, hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis. Methods: Urinary markers were determined using an ELISA (uALB, uCRP, and uRBP) or a colorimetric test (uNAG). Results were related to urinary creatinine (c). The fixed effects model or the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare the different groups of dogs. Results: uALB/c, uRBP/c, and uNAG/c were significantly higher in CKD dogs than in healthy dogs. No significant difference was found for uCRP, which was not detectable in the healthy dogs and only in 3 of the CKD dogs. Between the healthy young and older dogs, no significant difference was detected for any of the markers. Conclusion: The urinary markers uALB/c, uRBP/c, and uNAG/c were significantly increased in dogs with CKD compared with healthy controls. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the ability of these markers to detect renal disease before the onset of azotemia. [source] The immediate effect of physical activity on standing balance in healthy and balance-impaired older peopleAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, Issue 2 2009Thorlene Egerton Objective:,To determine if standing balance was affected by moderate levels of physical activity in healthy young, healthy older and balance-impaired older adults. Methods:,Thirty-one healthy young, 33 healthy older and 22 balance-impaired older adults took part. Centre of pressure (COP) motion was measured before and immediately after participants undertook 14 minutes of self-paced, moderate intensity physical activity. Results:,All groups responded in a similar manner. Following the physical activity circuit, mediolateral COP displacement and standard deviation of mediolateral COP position increased by 5% and 17%, respectively. Anteroposterior COP displacement and COP standard deviation, and total COP displacement, did not change. All changes were small compared with the magnitude of the group differences. Conclusions:,A small increase in fall risk may exist immediately following physical activity and older people may need to exercise caution following moderate intensity bouts of physical activity to prevent falling. [source] | ||||||||||