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Healthy Periodontium (healthy + periodontium)
Selected AbstractsElevated levels of collagen cross-link residues in gingival tissues and crevicular fluid of teeth with periodontal diseaseEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2003Søren Jepsen Lysylpyridinoline (LP) and hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) are collagen cross-link residues. Lysylpyridinoline is present in most tissues, whereas LP is present mainly in mineralized tissue. Both are elevated in tissue with increased collagen resorption. The purpose of this investigation was to assess if the concentrations of LP and HP are elevated in gingiva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of teeth with advanced periodontitis (AP). We investigated human gingival biopsies of healthy teeth (n = 19) and teeth with AP (n = 43) in 49 individuals. Samples of GCF from 54 teeth with AP were collected in seven patients and compared with samples from 11 patients with experimentally induced gingivitis. Levels of LP and HP were measured by HPLC and fluorescence detection. Gingival concentrations of HP but not LP around teeth with advanced periodontitis were significantly elevated compared with teeth with healthy periodontium. While significant amounts of HP and LP were measurable in the GCF of teeth with AP, no HP and LP was identified 3 months following non-surgical periodontal therapy of the teeth or in fluid from teeth subjected to experimentally induced gingivitis. Elevated concentrations of HP and LP in GCF may serve as indicators of ongoing destruction of periodontal tissues and alveolar bone in advanced periodontitis. [source] Sonic and ultrasonic scalers in periodontal treatment: a reviewINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 1 2007T Arabaci Abstract:, Periodontal therapy aims at arresting periodontal infection and maintaining a healthy periodontium. The periodic mechanical removal of subgingival microbial biofilms is essential for controlling inflammatory periodontal disease. Mechanical periodontal therapy consists of scaling, root planing and gingival curettage. The sonic and ultrasonic scalers are valuable tools in the prevention of periodontal disease. The vibration of scaler tips is the main effect to remove the deposits from the dental surface, such as bacterial plaque, calculus and endotoxin. However, constant flushing activity of the lavage used to cool the tips and cavitational activity result in disruption of the weak and unattached subgingival plaque. The aim of the study was to review the safety, efficacy, role and deleterious side-effects of sonic and ultrasonic scalers in mechanical periodontal therapy. [source] Immunohistochemical analysis of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles and androgen receptor expression in the pathogenesis of nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowthJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2003W-T. Huang Background:, Numerous studies have demonstrated that gingival overgrowth may be associated with androgen and cytokine expression in tissues. Objectives:, The aim of this study was to compare the expression of androgen receptor-presenting cells (AR+ cells) and Th1/Th2 cytokine [Th1: interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-, (IFN-,); Th2: IL-4, IL-10, IL-13] expression cells in tissue sections of patients with gingival overgrowth. Materials and methods:, Tissue samples were collected from patients with healthy periodontium (H group), adult periodontitis (P group), surgically extracted teeth (S group), and nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth (NIGO group). The clinical periodontal parameters of pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque control record (PCR) were measured around selected sample teeth. Gingival biopsies were further processed by immunohistochemical staining method. The expressions of cells positive for AR, IL-2, IFN-,, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were counted by predetermined semiquantitative methods. Results:, Our results indicated that AR, IL-2, IFN-,, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were intensively expressed in the nuclei of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts of gingival connective tissue. Stronger expressions of AR, IL-2, and IFN-, were found in the NIGO group. The AR+ cells/0.01 mm2 in gingival fibroblasts were significantly higher in the NIGO group (80.2 ± 10.7) than those of the periodontitis group (52.5 ± 11.8) and control group (37.4 ± 11.3) (P < 0.05). The cytokine expression of the NIGO group showed a trend towards Th1-type expression (IL-2; P = 0.0001). In the surgically extracted tooth group, a stronger expression of Th2-type cytokine (IL-4, Il-10, IL-13; P < 0.05) was found in inflammatory cells. In a comparison of the IL-2/IL-4-labeled cell ratio of the four groups, a descending sequence was discovered as NIGO group (0.92 ± 0.97) > H group (0.81 ± 0.61) > P group (0.77 ± 0.82) > S group (0.58 ± 1.77). Conclusions:, Our data support the following: (i) taking nifedipine may elevate the expression of AR in susceptible oral tissue, e.g. gingiva; (ii) the cytokine profile of T-cells in NIGO tissue indicates a trend preferentially towards Th1 activity; and (iii) elevation of AR expression cells and prominent Th1 cytokine-labeled cells are two significant factors in the pathogenesis of NIGO. [source] Distribution of fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis in subjects with various periodontal conditionsMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2004C. G. Missailidis Fimbria encoded by the gene fimA is considered one of the main factors in the colonization of the oral cavity by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Allelic variation in fimA led to the classification of strains of P. gingivalis into six genotypes. The occurrence of P. gingivalis was determined by polymerase chain reaction using 16S rRNA primers in 302 subgingival samples obtained from 102 Brazilian subjects exhibiting different periodontal conditions. Distribution of fimA genotypes was assessed in 146 P. gingivalis positive samples by polymerase chain reaction using primers pairs homologous to the different fimA genes. P. gingivalis was detected in 51 of 57 (89.4%) patients with periodontal attachment loss, in six of 20 gingivitis patients (30.0%) and in two of 25 (8.0%) subjects with a healthy periodontium. Variant type II was the only type detected in 53 sites (39.3%), distributed among 19 periodontitis patients (37.3%) and in one patient with no periodontal destruction. Type Ib was the second most prevalent genotype in periodontitis patients (19.6%). Genotype V was not detected in the studied population. Type IV was the most commonly type found among gingivitis patients, either alone or in combination with other genotypes. Multiple genotypes were detected in nine sites (6.1%). A fimA genotype was not identified in 26 sites (17.8%) of 146 sites positive for P. gingivalis, suggesting that other alleles of fimA not yet sequenced may be prevalent in this population. These data demonstrated that P. gingivalis type II strains followed by type Ib are more prevalent in periodontitis patients from a multiracial population in Brazil, suggesting an increased pathogenic potential of these types. [source] The association between maternal periodontitis and low birth weight infants among Malay womenCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Norkhafizah Saddki Abstract,,, Objectives:, Maternal periodontitis has been suggested as one of the risk factors for low birth weight (LBW) infants. The objective of this study was to determine the association between maternal periodontitis and LBW infants among Malay women. Methods:, Screening periodontal examinations were carried out on all eligible Malay pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy attending two randomly selected community maternal and child health clinics in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Patients with four or more sites with pocket depth 4 mm or higher, and clinical attachment loss 3 mm or higher at the same site with presence of bleeding on probing were diagnosed as having periodontitis in this study. Using this definition, systematic random sampling was utilized for selection of 250 subjects for each exposed and non-exposed group. Of 500 subjects enrolled in the study, 28 (5.6%) were either dropped or lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 472 subjects, 232 with periodontitis were in the exposed group and 240 with healthy periodontium were in the nonexposed group. Results:, The incidence of LBW was 14.2% (95% CI: 9.70,18.75) in women with periodontitis, and 3.3% (95% CI: 1.05,5.62) in women without periodontitis. The relative risk of having LBW infants was 4.27 times higher for women with periodontitis compared with those without periodontitis (95% CI: 2.01,9.04). After adjustment for potential confounders using multiple logistic regression analysis, significant association was found between maternal periodontitis and LBW (OR = 3.84; 95% CI: 1.34,11.05). Conclusion:, The results of this study provide additional evidence that pregnant women with periodontitis are at a significantly higher risk of delivering LBW infants. [source] | ||||||||||