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Healthy Gingiva (healthy + gingiva)
Selected AbstractsInvolvement of vascular endothelial growth factor, CD44 and CD133 in periodontal disease and diabetes: an immunohistochemical studyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Guendalina Lucarini Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between expression of angiogenic and regeneration markers and periodontal disease in subjects with/without diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD44 and CD133 was performed in 16 samples each of (1) healthy gingiva from non-diabetic subjects (controls), (2) gingiva from non-diabetic subjects with periodontitis, (3) gingiva from subjects with type 1 diabetes and periodontitis, (4) gingiva from subjects with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. Results: Diseased gingivae from patients with diabetes and periodontitis had greater clinical measures of periodontal disease than those with periodontitis only. VEGF expression was significantly enhanced in epithelial and endothelial cells from patients with periodontitis compared with controls (p<0.05). Epithelial CD44 expression was strong in all groups, while CD44 was significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in connective tissue cells from both diabetic groups. Epithelial and endothelial CD133 expression was comparable in all patients except those with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, where it was not detected. Stromal CD133 expression was significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis and was increased in periodontitis patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: The involvement and high expression of VEGF, CD44 and CD133 in periodontal disease may predict a greater regeneration capacity of gingival tissue. [source] Changes in vasoactive intestinal peptide in gingival crevicular fluid in response to periodontal treatmentJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2002Gerard J. Linden Abstract Aims: To evaluate the role of the anti-inflammatory neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in periodontal health and disease and to determine the effects of periodontal treatment, resulting in a return to periodontal health, on the levels of VIP in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Methods: At baseline, 10 subjects with periodontitis (nine females, one male, mean age 43.0, SD 7.3) started a course of non-surgical periodontal treatment. Clinical indices were measured at one periodontitis and one clinically healthy site at an initial visit and at 8 weeks after the completion of treatment in each subject. A 30-s sample of GCF was collected from each test site using perio paper strips. The volume of GCF was measured and each sample subsequently analysed for VIP by radioimmunoassay. One healthy site was sampled from each member of a control group (10 females, mean age 29.9, SD 8.2 years) with clinically healthy gingiva and no periodontitis. Results: The clinical condition of all periodontitis sites improved as a result of periodontal treatment. The levels of VIP (pg/30 s sample) in periodontitis-affected sites fell significantly from 302.0 (SD 181.2) at the initial visit to 78.0 (54.4) after treatment, p = 0.007. The reduction in the concentration of VIP (pg/µL) in GCF from 524.3 (322.3) to 280.8 (280.2) was not statistically significant. The levels of VIP in clinically healthy sites fell from 115.5.5 (74.3) to 77.8 (32.3), n.s. and the concentration changed little from 883.8 (652.1) to 628.7 (323.3), n.s. There were substantially smaller amounts of VIP (25.8, SD 12.8) pg in healthy sites sampled from control subjects. Conclusions: VIP is present in GCF in greater quantities in periodontitis-affected than clinically healthy sites. In addition, the reduction in inflammation resulting from effective periodontal treatment is associated with a reduction in the levels of VIP in gingival crevicular fluid. [source] Quantitative analysis of MRP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease using microbore HPLCJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 12 2001Fionnuala T. Lundy Abstract Background: The protein components of GCF can be separated by reverse-phase microbore HPLC on a C18 column with detection on the basis of 214 nm absorbance. A single major symmetrical protein peak eluting with a retention time of 26 min (50% acetonitrile) was evident in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from periodontitis patients but not in healthy GCF. This protein was identified as human MRP-8 by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and liquid chromotography quadropole mass spectrometry. Aims: To quantify the amount of MRP-8 detectable in GCF from individual healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis affected sites and to study the relationship, if any, between the levels of this responsive protein and periodontal health and disease. Methods: GCF was sampled (30 s) from healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis sites in peridontitis subjects (n=15) and from controls (n=5) with clinically healthy gingiva and no periodontitis. Purified MRP-8 was sequenced by Edmann degradation and the phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) amino acid yield determined (by comparison of peak area with external PTH amino acid standards). This value was subsequently used to calculate the relative amount of protein in the peak eluting with a retention time of 26.0 min (MRP-8) in individual GCF chromatograms. Results: Higher levels of MRP-8 were detected in inflammatory sites: periodontitis 457.0 (281.0) ng; gingivitis 413.5 (394.5) ng compared with periodontally healthy sites in diseased subjects 14.6 (14.3) ng and in controls 18.6 (18.5) ng, p=0.003. There was at least 20-fold more MRP-8 in the inflammatory compared with the healthy sites studied. Conclusions: The preliminary data indicate that MRP-8 is present in GCF, with significantly greater amounts present at diseased than healthy sites. A systematic study of the relationship of this protein to periodontal disease could prove useful in further clarifying whether MRP-8 could be a reliable GCF biomarker of gingivitis and periodontitis. Zusammenfassung Grundlagen: Der Proteingehalt des GCF, abgetrennt werden mit einer reversphasigen Microbore-HPLC auf einer C18-Säule mit Detektion auf der Basis der Absorption von 214 nm. Ein einziges symmetrisches Protein-Hauptpeak-Eluat, der mit einer Retentionszeit von 26 Minuten eluiert wurde (50% Acetonnitril) war in gingivalen Sulkusfluid (GCF) von Parodontitispatienten deutlich sichtbar, jedoch nicht im GCF von Gesunden. Dieses Protein wurde mitels N-terminaler Aminosären-Sequenzierung und Flüssigkeits-Chromatographie mit Quadropol-Massenspektrometrie als humanes MRP-8 identifiziert. Ziele: Quantifizierung der Menge an MRP-8, die im GCF von gesunden Personen, Patienten mit Gingivitis und mit Parodontitis nachweisbar ist und Studieren der eventuell möglichen Beziehungen zwischen den Titern dieses Reaktionsproteins und parodontaler Gesundheit bzw. Erkrankung. Methoden: Bei Parodontitispatienten (n=15) wurde das GCF von gesunden Bereichen, sowie von Stellen mit Gingivitis und Parodontitis gewonnen (30 Sek.) sowie bei Kontrollpersonen (n=5) mit klinisch gesunder Gingiva und ohne Parodontitis. Das gereinigte MRP-8 wurde mittels Edman-Degradierung Sequenziert und der Phenyl-Thiohydantoin (PTH) Aminosäure-Yield bestimmt (durch Vergleich der Peakbereiche mit externen PTH Aminosäurestandards). Darauffolgend wurde dieser Wert verwendet, um die relative Menge des Proteins im Peak-Eluat mit einer Retentionszeit von 26.0 Min. (MRP-8) in den individuellen Chromatogrammen zu berechnen. Ergebnisse: An entzündeten Stellen wurden höhere Titer von MRP-8 nachgewiesen: Parodontitis 457.0 (281.0) ng; Gingivitis 413.5 (394.5) ng verglichen mit parodontal gesunden Stellen bei erkrankten Patienten 14.6 (14.3) ng und den Kontrollen 18.6 (18.5) ng, p=0.003. An den entzündeten Stellen gab es im Vergleich mit den gesunden Stellen wenigstens 20 mal mehr MRP-8. Schlußfolgerungen: Die vorläufigen Daten zeigen, daß MRP-8 im GCF vorhanden ist und an erkrankten Stellen signifikant höhere Mengen vorhanden sind, als an gesunden Stellen. Eine systematische Studie der Beziehung dieses Proteins zur Parodondalerkrankung könnte sich als nützlich erweisen, um des weiteren zu klären, ob MRP-8 eine verläßlicher Biomarker für Gingivitis und Parodontitis ist. Résumé Origine: Les composants proéiques du fluide gingival peuvent être séparés par HPLC microbore en phase inverse sur une colonne C18 avec une détection sur une base d'absorption de 214 nm. Un unique pic majeur symétrique ayant un temps de rétention de 26 min (50% acetonitrile) était manifeste dans le fluide gingival (GCF) des patients atteints de parodontite, mais pas chez les patients sans. Cette protéine fut identifiée comme étant l'MRP-8 humaine après séquençage de l'acide aminé N terminal et spectrométrie de masse quadropole par chromatographie liquide. But: L'objectif est de quantifier la quantité de MRP-8 détectable dans le GCF de site sains, atteints de gingivite ou de parodontite et d'étudier, s'il y en a, la relation entre les niveaux de cette réponse protéique et la santé et la maladie parodontale. Méthodes: Le GCF frut prélevé (30 s) dans des sites sains, atteints de gingivite ou de parodontite, chez des sujets atteints de parodontite (n=15) ou chez des contrôles (n=5), ayant une gencive cliniquement saine sans parodontite. Le MRP-8 purifié fut séquencé par dégradation d'Edmann et le débit d'acide aminé phenylthiohydantoine (PTH) déterminé (par comparaison avec la surface de pic avec des standards d'acide aminé PTH externe). Cette valeur fut ensuite utilisée pour calculer la quantité relative de protéine dans le pic avec un temps de rétention de 26.0 mn (MRP-8) sur des chromatogrammes individuels de GCF. Résultats: De plus hauts niveaux de MRP-8 étaints détectés dans les sites inflammatoires: Parodontite 457.0 (281.0) ng; gingivite 413.5 (394.5) ng par rapport aux sites sains des sujets malades 14.6 (14.3) ng et des sujets contrôles 18.6 (18.5) ng, p=0.003. Il y avait au moins 20× plus de MRP-8 dans les sites inflammatoires par rapport au sites sains. Conclusions: Les données préliminaires indiquent que la MRP-8 est présente dans le GCF, en quantité significativement plus importante dans les sites malades. Une étude systèmatique de la relation entre cette protéine et la maladie parodontale pourrait se révéler utile pour encore plus expliciter si MRP-8 pourrait être un biomarqueur fiable du GCF des gingivites et des parodontites. [source] Leptin levels in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and diseaseJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007B. V. Karthikeyan Background and Objective:, A high concentration of leptin is associated with healthy gingival tissue, and the concentration of leptin decreases as periodontal disease progresses. However, to date, the leptin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid has not been documented. Hence, the present study was carried out to explore the presence of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease, and to probe further into its possible role in periodontal disease progression. Material and Methods:, A total of 45 adult patients were selected, based on their body mass index, for the study. They were categorized into three groups of 15 patients each, based on their periodontal tissue status, as follows: group I (clinically healthy gingiva with no loss of attachment); group II (chronic gingivitis with no loss of attachment); and group III (chronic periodontitis). Gingival crevicular fluid samples of 1 µL were collected extracrevicularly using white color-coded 1,5 µL calibrated volumetric microcapillary pipettes from one site in each person, and samples were analyzed for leptin using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results:, The concentration of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid of patients in group I (2292.69 pg/mL) was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than in those of groups II (1409.95 pg/mL) and III (1071.89 pg/mL). This suggests a negative correlation of gingival crevicular fluid leptin concentration with clinical attachment loss (p < 0.05). Conclusion:, As periodontal tissue destruction increased, there was a substantial decrease in gingival crevicular fluid leptin concentration. This observation extends our knowledge of the protective role of leptin in periodontal health. [source] | ||||||||||