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Health Care Personnel (health + care_personnel)
Selected AbstractsExplaining stunting in nineteenth-century FranceECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 2 2010GILLES POSTEL-VINAY We examine the share of French men with stunted growth during the nineteenth century using data on potential army conscripts. The share of stunted men (those whose height was below 1.62 metres) in France's 82 departments declined dramatically across the century, especially in the south and west. Our models examine the role of education expenditure, health care personnel, local wages, asset distribution, and a dummy variable for Paris as determinants of stunting, decomposing changes over time into the effects of levels and returns to the various explanatory variables used in the model of heights. All covariates are strongly significant, with education spending being particularly important. Our evidence clearly indicates that living in congested Paris contributed to poor health. [source] Collective AIDS activism and individuals' perceived self-advocacy in physician-patient communicationHUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH, Issue 3 2000E Brashers In a study of AIDS activism and communication patterns between people with HIV or AIDS and health care personnel, parallel persuasive processes are described between social or political activism and personal self-advocacy. The analysis of public and private discourse leads to 3 interrelated conclusions about AIDS activist behaviours at the collective and individual levels: (a) greater patient education about the illness and treatment options is encouraged, (b) a more assertive stance toward health care is promoted, and mindful nonadherence is considered. Activists perceived that their self-advocacy behaviors, in turn, impact the physician-patient interaction. In communicative interactions, education allows patients to challenge the expertise of the physician, assertiveness allows them to confront paternalistic or authoritarian interactional styles, and mindful nonadherence allows them to reject treatment recommendations and offer reasons for doing so. Participants reported that physicians had mixed reactions to their self-advocacy attempts. [source] Impact of the post-World War II generation on intensive care needs in NorwayACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2010J. H. LAAKE Background: A high birth rate during the first two decades following World War II has increased the proportion of elderly people in present-day society and, consequently, the demand for health-care services. The impact on intensive care services may become dramatic because the age distribution of critically ill patients is skewed towards the elderly. We have used registry data and population statistics to forecast the demand for intensive care services in Norway up until the year 2025. Methods: Data collected by the Norwegian intensive care registry (NIR), showing the age distribution in Norwegian intensive care units (ICU) during the years 2006 and 2007, were used with three different Norwegian prognostic models of population growth for the years 2008,2025 to compute the expected increase in intensive care unit bed-days (ICU bed-days). Results: The elderly were overrepresented in Norwegian ICUs in 2006,2007, with patients from 60 to 79 years of age occupying 44% of ICU bed-days. Population growth from 2008 to 2025 was estimated to be from 11.1 to 26.4%, depending on the model used. Growth will be much larger in the age group 60,79 years. Other factors kept unchanged, this will result in an increase in the need for intensive care (ICU bed-days) of between 26.1 and 36.9%. Conclusion: The demand for intensive care beds will increase markedly in Norwegian hospitals in the near future. This will have serious implications for the planning of infrastructure, education of health care personnel, as well as financing of our health care system. [source] Fatigue in multiple sclerosis patientsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 9 2009Mukadder Mollao Aim., This study aimed to describe fatigue and the factors that affect fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. Background., Fatigue is the most common symptom and has the greatest effect on multiple sclerosis patients' activities of daily living. There is limited understanding of the level of fatigue experienced by people with multiple sclerosis, with research currently limited to other symptoms and problems related to multiple sclerosis. Design., This research was conducted as a descriptive survey. Methods., The study involved 120 people with multiple sclerosis. The data were collected with a Patient Questionnaire and a Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F). Variance analysis, Mann,Whitney U -test and Kruskal,Wallis test were used in the data analysis. Results., All of the individuals in the sample experienced fatigue. Their fatigue was also affected by factors such as age, gender, education, marital status, number of children, occupation and duration of illness. In addition, the situations with the greatest effect on their fatigue were taking a hot bath/shower, hot/humid weather, stress, infection and other illnesses causing fever, disturbance in sleep pattern, increase in daily activities and exercise. Conclusions., Fatigue is a symptom that has a significant effect on the daily lives of people with multiple sclerosis. Accordingly, it is recommended that factors affecting fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis be evaluated and that education programmes directed at how to control these factors. Relevance to clinical practice., The determination of factors affecting fatigue is important for multiple sclerosis individuals' ability to cope with fatigue and keep it under control. To be able to accomplish this it is necessary for health care personnel, the family and friends to work together. [source] Psychometric testing of the Leadership and Management Inventory: a tool to measure the skills and abilities of first-line nurse managersJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 7 2008BERNICE SKYTT MSc Aim, To estimate the validity and reliability of the Leadership and Management Inventory, a tool to measure the skills and abilities of first-line nurse managers. Background, The decision to develop an inventory reflects the need for an instrument that can measure the various skills and abilities first-line nurse managers should possess. Method, Factor analysis was conducted and internal consistency initially estimated on data from 149 registered nurses; a second sample of 197 health care personnel was used to test these results. Results, Principal component analysis of the first sample resulted in a preferred three-factor solution that explained 65.8% of the variance; Cronbach's alpha coefficient varied between 0.90 and 0.95. Analysis of the second sample also resulted in a three-factor solution that explained 64.2% of the variance; Cronbach's alpha coefficient varied from 0.88 to 0.96. For both samples, the factors were labelled ,interpersonal skills and group management', ,achievement orientation' and ,overall organizational view and political savvy'. Conclusion, Results indicate that estimates of validity and reliability for the Leadership and Management Inventory can be considered acceptable. Implications for nursing management, The Leadership and Management Inventory can be used when first-line nurse managers' leadership and management skills and abilities are to be measured. [source] The resources of parents with a child in psychiatric inpatient careJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 1 2002T. A. PUOTINIEMI MSc RN The purpose of this study was to analyse and describe the resources of parents with a child in psychiatric inpatient care. The factors associated with parental coping were also assessed. The data were collected from 19 hospitals with a child psychiatry unit. At the time of data collection, all the parents of the children in psychiatric inpatient care in these hospitals were invited to participate in the study (N = 268). The method of data collection was a questionnaire including open-ended questions. The response percentage was 30% (N = 79). The data were analysed using SPSS software. The replies to the open-ended questions were analysed utilizing data-based content analysis. The findings indicated that the parents received more emotional than instrumental support. Few got financial support. The parents got support from their spouses, families, friends and fellow-workers and the health care personnel. Nearly half of the parents wanted more support from health care personnel. Of the different kinds of social support reported, emotional support, support in the care and rearing of the child in inpatient care, love and acceptance correlated most strongly with parental coping. [source] Linkage between smoking and asthmaALLERGY, Issue 12 2009A. Pietinalho Smoking is one of the most important preventable public health problems. Prevalence of smoking is decreasing in the Western world but lot of work is left. We reviewed the most important papers related to smoking and asthma. Despite of decreasing smoking figures in Finland, about 15,20 per cent of pregnant women smokes. Children's exposure to harmful effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) still continues. Exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy and in early childhood both deteriorates permanently children's lungs and increases their asthma risk. The exposure of adults to ETS also increases their asthma risk. Both passive exposure to ETS and active smoking worsen asthma. In addition, smoking asthmatics run a higher risk of developing COPD compared to non-smokers. Smoking prevalence among the population can be regulated through legislation, but the health care personnel have a central role in encouraging smoking cessation among smoking patients. [source] Occupational risk in health care and research,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2003Daniela Vecchio MS Abstract Background Working in the health care and research sectors has been linked to various hazards. Methods Studies published in the peer-reviewed literature that are pertinent to the exposures or diseases relevant to these fields were reviewed. Results The most important exposures include infectious agents, formaldehyde, anesthetic agents, antineoplastic drugs, and ethylene oxide. The best-documented evidence is that of infectious risk primarily among clinical personnel. Monitoring studies of persons occupationally exposed to anesthetics clearly demonstrate behavioral effects, possible risk of reproductive problems, as well as cytogenetic effects of unknown significance. The latter two impairments are also observed among those exposed to antineoplastic drugs and ethylene oxide. Exposure to formaldehyde appears to be associated with nasopharyngeal tumors. Whereas increased risk of cancer of certain sites, particularly the brain and lymphohematopoietic system, is found among research and health care personnel, no specific exposure has been linked to these neoplasms. Conclusions Although some results are inconsistent, continued environmental and biological monitoring will allow better assessment of exposures and of implemented protection measures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43:369,397, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Informed Consent for Research: Current Practices in Academic Emergency MedicineACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 6 2008Edward Monico MD Abstract Background:, The emergency department (ED) environment presents unique barriers to the process of obtaining informed consent for research. Objectives:, The objective was to identify commonalities and differences in informed consent practices for research employed in academic EDs. Methods:, Between July 1, 2006, and June 30, 2007, an online survey was sent to the research directors of 142 academic emergency medicine (EM) residency training programs identified through the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Results:, Seventy-one (50%) responded. The average number of simultaneous clinical ED-based research projects reported was 7.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.53 to 9.07). Almost half (49.3%) of respondents reported that EM residents are responsible for obtaining consent. Twenty-nine (41.4%) participating institutions do not require documentation of an individual resident's knowledge of the specific research protocol and consent procedure before he or she is allowed to obtain consent from research subjects. Conclusions:, It is common practice in academic EDs for clinical investigators to rely on on-duty health care personnel to obtain research informed consent from potential research subjects. This practice raises questions regarding the sufficiency of the information received by research subjects, and further study is needed to determine the compliance of this consent process with federal guidelines. [source] Ophthalmological follow-up at 2 years of age of all children previously screened for retinopathy of prematurity: is it worthwhile?ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 5 2006Anna-Lena Hård Abstract. Purpose:, To evaluate the extent to which ophthalmological follow-up at 2 years of age of children born before 32 weeks gestation identifies obvious visual problems, strabismus and significant ametropia (target conditions). Methods:, Of 172 children born during a period of 2.5 years from January 2000, 142 underwent an ophthalmological examination at a median age of 2.33 years. This included evaluation of visual behaviour, cover testing and autorefractometry in cycloplegia. For children with the target conditions, we investigated whether the child had been followed in the eye clinic or referred before 2 years of age, or whether the abnormality was detected as a result of the follow-up examination. Results:, None of the target conditions were found in 117 children. None of four children with obviously abnormal visual behaviour, two of 10 children with strabismus and four of 11 with large refractive errors were detected in the follow-up examination. Thus the target conditions were detected at the follow-up examination in only six of 142 children (4.2%). Conclusions:, Although ophthalmic abnormalities are common in children born prematurely, most of them are identified because high-risk children are followed regularly in eye clinics and because parents and primary health care personnel detect strabismus. Ophthalmological follow-up of all children born before 32 weeks appears not to be worthwhile and is therefore only recommended for high-risk children. [source] Primary health care personnel faced with cadaveric organ donation: a multicenter study in south-eastern SpainCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 5 2008A. Ríos Abstract:, Introduction:, Primary health care (PHC) is the first point of contact between the public and the health system and it is an important channel for the communication and promotion of organ donation and transplantation. The objective of this study was to analyze the attitude of PHC personnel toward donation and to determine the psychosocial variables affecting this attitude. Materials and methods:, A random sample was stratified by job category and geographical location among PHC personnel (n = 482) from 32 health centers. Attitude was evaluated using a questionnaire validated in our local area. (It was completed anonymously and was self-administered.) Results:, The questionnaire completion rate was 86% (n = 414): 78% (n = 325) are in favor and the remaining 22% (n = 89) are either against or are not sure. The reason given for a negative attitude is fear of apparent death (16%; n = 14). There are many independent factors that affect attitude: (i) job category (OR = 2.4); (ii) knowledge of the concept of brain death (OR = 2.2); (iii) a preference for alternatives to burial (OR = 2.99); (iv) being in favor of cremation (OR = 01.87) and (v) knowledge of the attitude of one's partner toward organ donation (OR = 0.312). Conclusion:, PHC personnel have a favorable attitude toward donation, especially physicians, although it would be useful to provide more information to PHC personnel. Physicians could be a key element in the direct and indirect promotion of donation and transplantation. [source] | |||||||||||||