Heating Regime (heating + regime)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Optimization of quartz tube pyrolysis atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry for the generation of bacterial biomarkers

RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 18 2001
Ashish Tripathi
Experimental procedures were investigated to improve the efflux of biomolecule pyrolyzates from quartz tube pyrolysis under atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry conditions. Heating regimes, airflows, and ion focusing parameters were optimized to increase the informative mass spectral signals generated from the pyrolysis of Gram-positive bacterial spores and vegetative cells. Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is found in 5,15% by weight in Gram-positive Bacillus spores, and the parameter optimization procedures provided an intense mass spectral signature of the m/z 168 protonated DPA molecule with a minimization of pyrolytic and ionization fragments. Moreover, mass spectral information from the optimization protocols yielded peaks and mass patterns characteristic of DNA and RNA nitrogen bases, protein diketopiperazines, and amino sugars. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Evidence for the Microwave Effect During the Annealing of Zinc Oxide

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 9 2007
J. Binner
A microwave/conventional hybrid furnace has been used to anneal virtually fully dense zinc oxide ceramics under pure conventional and a microwave/conventional hybrid heating regime with a view to obtaining evidence for the "microwave effect" during the resulting grain growth. In each case it was ensured that each sample within a series had an identical thermal history in terms of its temperature/time profile. The results showed that grain growth was enhanced during hybrid heating compared with pure conventional heating; the greatest enhancement, a factor of ,3 increase in average grain size, was observed in the range 1100°,1150°C. The grain growth exponent decreased from 3 during conventional heating to 1.4 during hybrid heating in this temperature range, suggesting an acceleration of the diffusional processes involved. Temperature gradients within the samples were found to be too small to explain the results. This suggests that clear evidence has been found to support the existence of a genuine "microwave effect." [source]


40Ar- 39Ar age determinations of lunar basalt meteorites Asuka 881757, Yamato 793169, Miller Range 05035, La Paz Icefield 02205, Northwest Africa 479, and basaltic breccia Elephant Moraine 96008

METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 6 2009
Vera A. FERNANDES
Stepped heating 40Ar- 39Ar analyses of several bulk fragments of related meteorites A-881757, Y-793169 and MIL 05035 give crystallization ages of 3.763 ± 0.046 Ga, 3.811 ± 0.098 Ga and 3.845 ± 0.014 Ga, which are comparable with previous age determinations by Sm-Nd, U-Pb Th-Pb, Pb-Pb, and Rb-Sr methods. These three meteorites differ in the degree of secondary 40Ar loss with Y-793169 showing relatively high Ar loss probably during an impact event ,200 Ma ago, lower Ar loss in MIL 05035 and no loss in A-881757. Bulk and impact melt glass-bearing samples of LAP 02205 gave similar ages (2.985 ± 0.016 Ga and 2.874 ± 0.056 Ga) and are consistent with ages previously determined using other isotope pairs. The basaltic portion of EET 96008 gives an age of 2.650 ± 0.086 Ga which is considered to be the crystallization age of the basalt in this meteorite. The Ar release for fragmental basaltic breccia EET 96008 shows evidence of an impact event at 631 ± 20 Ma. The crystallization age of 2.721 ± 0.040 Ga determined for NWA 479 is indistinguishable from the weighted mean age obtained from three samples of NWA 032 supporting the proposal that these meteorites are paired. The similarity of 40Ar- 39Ar ages with ages determined by other isotopic systems for multiple meteorites suggests that the K-Ar isotopic system is robust for meteorites that have experienced a significant shock event and not a prolonged heating regime. [source]


Three-dimensional MRI mapping of minimum temperatures achieved in microwave and conventional food processing

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2001
John R. Bows
Microbiological assurance protocols for food preservation are based on the ,worst-case' slowest heating point within the food product. For conduction-limited processing, this leads to well-known overheating near surface regions of products, with resultant quality loss. For volumetric heating processes such as microwave heating, it is practically impossible to guarantee where the slowest heating point will be. Consequently, microwave heating regimes are generally excessive and product quality is often similar to conventional conduction-limited heating processes. It is well known that Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can provide three-dimensional (3D) images which quantify the spatial distribution of water in foods, and also that the MRI parameters of water are temperature dependent. The present study demonstrates that a combination of these two concepts has led to a new approach for the validation of thermal processing in food manufacture. The potential for on-line assurance of minimum and maximum temperatures for manufacture of microbiologically assured, minimally processed, high quality food is discussed. [source]


Estimation of the fragility index of indomethacin by DSC using the heating and cooling rate dependency of the glass transition

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 6 2004
Joaquim J. Moura Ramos
Abstract In this study we have investigated the features of the glass transition relaxation of indomethacin using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The purpose of this work is to provide an estimation of the activation energy at the glass transition temperature, as well as of the fragility index, of amorphous indomethacin from DSC data. To do so, the glass transition temperature region of amorphous indomethacin was characterized in both cooling and heating regimes. The activation energy for structural relaxation (directly related to glass fragility) was estimated from the heating and cooling rate dependence of the location of the DSC profile of the glass transition. The obtained results were similar in the heating and in the cooling modes. The results on the fragility index of indomethacin obtained in the present study, m,=,60 in the cooling mode and m,=,56 in the heating mode, are compared with other values previously published in the literature. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 93:1503,1507, 2004 [source]