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HEV RNA (hev + rna)
Selected AbstractsZoonotic risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV): A study of HEV infection in animals and humans in suburbs of BeijingHEPATOLOGY RESEARCH, Issue 12 2009Yibin Chang Aim:, To investigate hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among different animals and workers in pig farms and slaughterhouses, and analyze the genotype of HEV isolated in this study. Methods:, Serum samples were collected from adult swine, cows, sheep, younger swine (< 3 months), and workers in pig farms and slaughterhouses (professional group). Fecal samples were collected from younger swine in the south suburbs of Beijing. Anti-HEV antibody was evaluated by direct sandwich enzyme immunoassay. HEV RNA was extracted from fecal samples and amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR). The PCR products were sequenced, and the sequence homology and phylogenetics of the HEV strains isolated from swine were analyzed. Results:, The anti-HEV positivity rates in adult swine, cows, sheep, younger swine, professional group and general population were 98.23% (222/226), 29.35% (54/184), 9.80% (20/207), 60.73% (99/164), 42.51% (105/247) and 20.29% (522/2572), respectively. The HEV RNA positivity rate of fecal samples was 22.89% (19/83) and 16/19 samples were positive for HEV RNA amplified with both primers, HEV open reading frame (ORF)1 and HEV ORF2. Sequence analysis of these 16 samples showed that there were two groups, designated BJ-1 and BJ-2. The nucleotide homology of BJ-1 and BJ-2 was 99%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both of these groups belonged to genotype 4d. Conclusion:, Workers in pig farms and slaughterhouses were more likely to contract HEV infection than the general population because of close contact with swine with a high prevalence of anti-HEV. [source] Identification of genotype 4 hepatitis E virus strains from a patient with acute hepatitis E and farm pigs in Bali, Indonesia,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 8 2007I. Dewa Nyoman Wibawa Abstract A previous study revealed that antibodies to hepatitis E virus (HEV) (anti-HEV) are highly prevalent among healthy individuals and farm pigs in Bali, Indonesia, and suggested that HEV infection may occur via zoonosis among Balinese people. However, there were no reports of acute hepatitis E in Bali. To elucidate whether Balinese HEV strains recovered from infected humans and pigs have significant sequence similarity, serum samples obtained from 57 patients (age, mean,±,standard deviation, 31.1,±,11.9 years) with sporadic acute hepatitis and from one hundred and one 2- or 3-month-old farm pigs in Bali were tested for anti-HEV and HEV RNA. Among the 57 patients, 2 (3.5%) had high-titer IgM/IgA class anti-HEV antibodies and one of them had detectable HEV RNA (BaliE03-46). Overall, 58 pigs (57.4%) tested positive for anti-HEV, while 5 pigs (5.0%) had detectable HEV RNA. Based on the 412-nucleotide sequence within open reading frame 2, the BaliE03-46 isolate and the 5 swine HEV isolates recovered from the viremic pigs were phylogenetically classified in genotype 4, but were only 77.3,90.8% identical to the genotype 4 HEV isolates reported thus far in China, India, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The BaliE03-46 isolate of human origin shared high identities of 97.3,98.3% with 4 of the 5 Balinese swine isolates, but differed by 16.1% from the remaining swine isolate. These results suggest that indigenous HEV strains of genotype 4 with marked heterogeneity are circulating in Bali, Indonesia, and that pigs are reservoirs of HEV for Balinese people who have a habit of ingesting uncooked pigs. J. Med. Virol. 79: 1138,1146, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Comparison of hepatitis A and E virus infections among healthy children in Mongolia: Evidence for infection with a subgenotype IA HAV in children,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 1 2007Bira Tsatsralt-Od Abstract To compare the epidemiologic profiles of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in children in Mongolia, the prevalence of HAV and HEV infections was investigated serologically and molecularly among 717 apparently healthy individuals of 0,20 years of age (mean,±,standard deviation, 8.6,±,4.9 years) using serum samples obtained between October 2005 and January 2006. Total antibody against HAV (anti-HAV [total]) was detected in 494 (68.9%) of the 717 subjects, while IgG antibody against HEV (anti-HEV IgG) was detected in only five subjects (0.7%) (P,<,0.0001). All five subjects who had anti-HEV IgG, were negative for anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA. Anti-HAV was detectable in 24 (75.0%) of the 32 infants aged 7 days to 6 months, but not in any of the 8 infants aged 7 to <12 months. The prevalence of anti-HAV was 19.5% (17/87) in the age group of 1,3 years, and it increased to 50.0% (69/138) in the age group of 4,6 years, and further to 81.4% (105/129) in the age group of 7,9 years. Of note, 97.2% of the subjects in the age group of 16,20 years had anti-HAV. The presence of HAV RNA was tested in all 717 subjects, and three children of 1, 4, or 8 years of age were found to have detectable HAV RNA (subgenotype IA). No subject had a history of hepatitis or jaundice. In conclusion, HEV infection was uncommon, but HAV infection lacking overt clinical features was prevalent among children in Mongolia. J. Med. Virol. 79:18,25, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Hepatitis E virus infection as a cause of graft hepatitis in liver transplant recipientsLIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2010Sven Pischke Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection induces self-limiting liver disease in immunocompetent individuals. Cases of chronic hepatitis E have recently been identified in organ transplant recipients. We questioned if chronic hepatitis E plays a role in graft hepatitis after liver transplantation in a low endemic area. Two hundred twenty-six liver transplant recipients, 129 nontransplanted patients with chronic liver disease, and 108 healthy controls were tested for HEV antibodies. HEV RNA was investigated in all sera from transplanted patients. HEV antibodies were detected in 1 healthy control (1%), 4 patients with chronic liver disease (3%), and 10 liver transplant recipients (4%). Three liver transplant patients also tested positive for HEV RNA. Two of them developed persistent viremia with HEV genotype 3. The patients were anti-HEV immunoglobulin G,negative and HEV RNA,negative before transplantation and had an episode of acute hepatitis 5 or 7 months after transplantation, which led to advanced liver fibrosis after 22 months in 1 patient. Seroconversion to anti-HEV occurred not before 4 months after the first detection of HEV RNA. The possibility of reverse zoonotic transmission was experimentally confirmed by the infection of 5 pigs with a patient's serum. The pigs showed histological inflammation in the liver, and HEV RNA was detectable in different organs, including muscle. In conclusion, the prevalence of HEV infection in Central European liver transplant recipients is low; however, chronic hepatitis E may occur and needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of graft hepatitis. The diagnosis of HEV infection should be based on HEV RNA determination in immunosuppressed patients. We suggest that immunocompromised individuals should avoid eating uncooked meat and contact with possibly HEV-infected animals. Liver Transpl 16:74,82, 2010. © 2009 AASLD. [source] Hepatitis E Virus-Induced Neurological Symptoms in a Kidney-Transplant Patient with Chronic HepatitisAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 5 2010N. Kamar It has been shown that hepatitis E virus (HEV) may be responsible for chronic hepatitis in solid-organ transplant patients. It has also been suggested that HEV may be responsible for atypical neurological symptoms during the acute phase. However, the relationship between the neurological symptoms and HEV infection was based on the detection of anti-HEV IgM in the sera. Herein, we report a case where neurological symptoms, that is peripheral nerve involvement with proximal muscular weakness that affected the four limbs joints with central nervous-system involvement and bilateral pyramidal syndrome, occurred in a kidney-transplant patient who was chronically infected by HEV. For the first time, HEV RNA was detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, clonal HEV sequences were analyzed in both compartments, that is serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The discovery of quasispecies compartmentalization and its temporal association suggests that neurological symptoms could be linked to the emergence of neurotropic variants. [source] | ||||||||||